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Introduction To Anatomy
Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy is a fun and interesting topic to study• It tells us how we function and
live in the world• However many people often
confuse anatomy with physiology• Anatomy is the study of physical
structures of the body• Anatomy means “cut open” in
Greek
Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy is generally broken into two different sections• Gross anatomy describes
structures that can be seen with the naked eye• Microscopic anatomy deals with
structures that cannot be seen without instruments or modification
Anatomy and Physiology
• However people cannot not live on physical structures alone• Physiology is the study of how
the physical structures function• This course will combine the
elements of anatomy and physiology together to give a greater understanding of the human body
Medical Terms
Beware!!!
This course uses A LOT of medical terminology
Medical Terms
• This course will use terms and terminology that are designed to make things simple• Until you get used to the system it
might seem like it is much harder• Many medical terms use prefixes
and suffixes• They also use word parings that
describe form, function and position in the body
Medical Terms
• To give an example • The term “cardiac” refers to the
heart• Veins carry blood to the heart• The term “great” can mean
uppermost or largest
• The great cardiac vein is the largest vein on the heart• It carries deoxygenated blood
from heart tissue back to the heart
Levels of Organization
• In anatomy and physiology it is important to understand how life is organized• Different types of small
structural materials make up the larger structures of the body• We need to know how the body
is built in order to understand how it works
Levels of Organization
• I often compare it to a house• While a house is a whole
structure, it is made of different things• Wood and dry wall make up
walls• Walls make up rooms• Rooms make up floors• Floors make up your house
Levels of Organization
• The smallest level is the atomic level• The atomic level is made up of
atoms• These atoms are by themselves
or can make up small chemicals• Many of these small chemicals
carry out important body functions
Levels of Organization
• Atoms combine to form the cellular level• This level is composed of
individual cells • On the cellular level we study
the individual cells job in the body
Levels of Organization
• The next largest level is the tissue level• A tissue is a group of similar and
interacting cells • These cells will perform one or
more functions to help the body
Levels of Organization
• The organ level is the next largest level or organization• An organ is a group of tissues
that collectively work together to perform many different functions• These organs generally perform
vital functions and several we cannot live without
Levels of Organization• The organ system level is the
largest level that we will study in anatomy• Organ systems are groups of
organs that interact to perform a particular function• There are only a handful of
organ systems in the body• When organ systems work
together they make up an organism
Organ Systems
• There are 12 major organ systems that we will study in this class• You will have to know about
each and every one of them• Several you may have heard of
before and some you may have never heard of
Organ Systems
Name of System Major Organs Major Function(s) Other Function(s)
Skeletal Bones, Connective Tissue, Marrow
Support and protect Mineral storage, make blood cells
Muscular Skeletal muscle, Tendons Move the body Generates heat
Nervous Brain, Spine, Sense Organs, Nerves
Respond to the world around you, regulate the body
Coordinate multiple organs
Endocrine Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Pancreas
Directs changes in the body, sends signals
Adjusts metabolic activity
Cardiovascular Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood
Distributes blood to the body Reallocates heat
Integumentary Skin, Hair, Sweat Glands Protects against environment Helps regulate body temperature, provide sensory information
Organ SystemsName of System Major Organs Major Function(s) Other Function(s)
Lymphatic Spleen, Thymus, Lymph Nodes
Defense against infection and disease
Return tissue fluids to blood stream
Respiratory Lungs, Trachea, Larynx Deliver O2, Remove CO2 from the body
Produce audible sounds for communication
Digestive Stomach, Small and large Intestine, Liver
Breakdown and absorb food into the body
Store energy reserves, fight disease
Urinary Kidneys, Bladder, Ureters Remove waste products from the blood
Control blood pH and ion levels, control liquid levels
Reproductive (male) Testes, Prostate Gland, Penis
Produce male sex cells and hormones
Sexual intercourse
Reproductive (female) Ovaries, Uterus, Mammary Glands
Produce female sex cells and hormones, support developing embryo
Provide nourishment to newborns, sexual intercourse
Organ Systems
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