Introduction: Structure Prediction/Design for Nucleic...

Introduction:StructurePrediction/DesignforNucleicAcidsandComplexes

CS/CME/Biophys/BMI371Feb.13,2018RonDror

Nucleic acid structure

• Most of the “machines” in the cell are protein-based

• Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) act primarily as information carriers

• However, they’re not just long threads. They can take on well-defined structure, which is important in two ways: – It influences gene expression (the extent to which

proteins are produced from the DNA that codes for them)

– Nucleic acids—especially RNAs—can also act as machines. (Maybe life originated this way.)

Topic 1: Predicting RNA secondary structure

• For RNA “secondary structure” — that is, how the bases pair — is of great interest

http://www.tbi.univie.ac.at/~pkerp/forgi/_images/1y26_ss.png

Predicting secondary structure of RNA pseudo knots

• RNA secondary structure is typically predicted using dynamic programming algorithms that assume all loops are “nested”

• Pseudoknots violate this assumption • One of Thursday’s paper proposes an algorithm to overcome

this problem, incorporating information from SHAPE experiments (also used in EteRNA)

http://www.tbi.univie.ac.at/~pkerp/forgi/_images/1y26_ss.png TheimerandFeigon,Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.16:307-318(2006)

Typicalsecondarystructure

Pseudoknot

Topic 2: Predicting RNA 3D structure by evolutionary coupling analysis

• The “coevolution” idea works not only for proteins but also for RNAs: – Given sequences of

many related RNAs, one can identify pairs of bases that coevolve because they are in physical contact

– This information helps predict 3D structure

Weinrebetal.,Cell165:963-75,2016

Topic 3: Design of DNA structures

• DNA has been used previously to design “origami” shapes

Designing a DNA–protein complex

• One of Thursday’s papers describes design of a self-assembling “wire” including repeating protein and DNA units

7Mouetal.,Nature525:230-233(2015)

Introduction: Structure Prediction/Design for Nucleic...

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