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XML/XSLT
• What is XML?
• What is XSLT?
• From XML to HTML using XSLT
• The XSLT processing model
• An Example from FpML
• Homework
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What is XML?
XML is an acronym that stands for the eXtensible Markup Language.
It is a flexible framework which can be used to create new customizedmarkup languages.
HTML, for example, is a markup language with a fixed tag set.<P> <H1> ….
XML, on the other hand, does not define any particular set of tags. Itallows you to create your own tag set.
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What is XML’s primary purpose?
• Separating data from presentation
The range of internet capable devices is growing- WAP phones, pagers, TV sets, web browsers, in car computers, have different presentation requirements.
• Transmitting data between applications
As electronic commerce gathers pace, the amount of data exchanged between organizations is increasing. XML will play a significant role.
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What is XSLT?
XSLT stands for eXtensible Style Sheet Language : Transformations
XSLT is an XML language for transforming the structure of an XMLDocument.
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What is XSLT’s primary purpose?
• With the widespread adoption of XML languages there will be a need to extract and combine data from one set of XML documents to generate another set of XML documents.
XSLT
• In this presentation we will use XSL to convert XML documents to HTML
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XML to HTML using XSLT
(1) The XML document and the associated XSL style sheet mayboth be transferred to the browser.
(2) The server may apply the style sheet to an XML documentand the result may be sent to the client.
(3) The transformation may occur before the data is placed on the server.
Xalan may be used for (2) or (3). IE5 for (1).
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XML to HTML using XSLT
•A bibliography expressed in xml is
converted to a bibliography in html
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bib.xml<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<bib>
</bib>
<book isbn = "1-861003-12-9"> <title> XSLT Programmer's Reference </title> <author> Michael Kay </author> </book>
<paper> <title> GoTo Statement Considered Harmful </title> <author> Edsger Dijkstra</author> </paper><book isbn = "0-201485-43-5"> <title> XML and Java Developing Web Application</title> <author> Maruyama </author> <author> Tamura</author> <author> Uramoto </author></book>
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bib.xsl
<xsl:template match = "/">
</xsl:template>
<html> <title>ISBN Numbers</title> <body> <h1>ISBN Numbers</h1> <ul><xsl:apply-templates/></ul> </body> </html>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- XSL to produce a list of ISBN numbers in HTML -->
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
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bib.xsl (continued)
<xsl:template match = "book"> <li> <xsl:value-of select = "@isbn" /> </li> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match = "paper"></xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
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bib.html
<html><title>ISBN Numbers</title><body><h1>ISBN Numbers</h1><ul> <li>1-861003-12-9</li> <li>0-201485-43-5</li></ul></body></html>
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Bib.html
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bib.xml<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<bib>
</bib>
<book isbn = "1-861003-12-9"> <title> XSLT Programmer's Reference </title> <author> Michael Kay </author> </book>
<paper> <title> GoTo Statement Considered Harmful </title> <author> Edsger Dijkstra</author> </paper><book isbn = "0-201485-43-5"> <title> XML and Java Developing Web Application</title> <author> Maruyama </author> <author> Tamura</author> <author> Uramoto </author></book>
/
bib
book paper book
title author
XSLT Prog… Michael Kay
::
::
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bib.html
<html><title>ISBN Numbers</title><body><h1>ISBN Numbers</h1><ul> <li>1-861003-12-9</li> <li>0-201485-43-5</li></ul></body></html>
/
html
title body
ISBN.. h1 ul
li li
1-86…0-201..
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bib2.xsl<?xml version="1.0"?><!-- XSL to produce a list of titles and authors in HTML --><xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
version="1.0"> <xsl:template match = "/">
<html> <title>Author(s)/Title</title> <body> <h1>Author(s)/Title</h1> <ul><xsl:apply-templates/></ul> </body> </html> </xsl:template>
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bib2.xsl (continued)<xsl:template match = "book|paper"> <li> <xsl:for-each select = "author"> <xsl:value-of select = "." /> </xsl:for-each> <i> <xsl:value-of select = "title"/> </i> </li> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
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bib2.html<html><title>Author(s)/Title</title><body><h1>Author(s)/Title</h1><ul> <li> Michael Kay <i> XSLT Programmer's Reference </i></li> <li> Edsger Dijkstra<i> GoTo Statement Considered Harmful </i></li> <li> Maruyama Tamura Uramoto <i> XML and Java Developing Web Application</i></li></ul></body></html>
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bib2.html
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Bib3.xsl<?xml version="1.0"?><xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
version="1.0">
<!-- Printing the last three authors in reverse order --> <xsl:template match = "/"> <html> <title>Author(s)</title> <body> <h1>Author(s)</h1> <ul> <xsl:apply-templates select = "/bib/book[2]/author[3]"/> <xsl:apply-templates select = "/bib/book[2]/author[2]"/> <xsl:apply-templates select = "/bib/book[2]/author[1]"/> </ul> </body> </html> </xsl:template>
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Bib3.xsl (Continued)<xsl:template match = "author"> <li> <xsl:value-of select = "."/> </li> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
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Bib3.html
<html><title>Author(s)</title><body><h1>Author(s)</h1><ul><li> Uramoto </li><li> Tamura</li><li> Maruyama </li></ul></body></html>
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XML to HTML using XSLT
•A poem expressed in xml is converted
to a poem expressed in html
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Poem.xml (1 of 3)<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!-- A poem in XML Example taken from "XSLT Programmer's reference Michael Kay-->
<poem> <author> Rupert Brooke </author> <date> 1912 </date> <title>Song</title>
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Poem.xml (2 of 3)<stanza> <line>And suddenly the wind comes soft, </line> <line>And Spring is here again;</line> <line>And the hawthorn quickens with buds of green</line> <line>And my heart with buds of pain.</line> </stanza>
<stanza> <line>My heart all Winter lay so numb,</line> <line>The earth so dead and frore,</line> <line>That I never thought the Spring would come again</line> <line>Or my heart wake any more.</line> </stanza>
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Poem.xml (3 of 3)
<stanza> <line>But Winter's broken and earth has woken, </line> <line>And the small birds cry again;</line> <line>And the hawthorn hedge puts forth its buds,</line> <line>And my heart puts forth its pain.</line> </stanza></poem>
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Poem.html
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Poem.xsl (1 of 4)<?xml version="1.0"?><!-- XSL to produce an HTML encoded poem XSLT Programmer's reference, Michael Kay-->
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match = "poem"> <html> <head> <title> <xsl:value-of select="title"/> </title> </head>
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Poem.xsl (2 of 4)
<body> <xsl:apply-templates select = "title"/> <xsl:apply-templates select = "author"/> <xsl:apply-templates select = "stanza"/> <xsl:apply-templates select = "date"/> </body> </html> </xsl:template>
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Poem.xsl (3 of 4)<xsl:template match = "title"> <div align="center"><h1><xsl:value-of select="."/></h1></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match = "author"> <div align="center"><h2>By <xsl:value-of select="."/></h2></div> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match = "date"> <p><i><xsl:value-of select="."/></i></p> </xsl:template>
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Poem.xsl (4 of 4)<xsl:template match="stanza"> <p><xsl:apply-templates select="line"/></p> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match = "line"> <xsl:if test="position() mod 2 = 0">  </xsl:if> <xsl:value-of select="."/><br/> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet> Nonbreaking space not includedautomatically in xmlas in html
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XSLT’s Processing Model
Consider the following XML file
<person> <name>Alan</name> <age>19</age> <email>alan@his.org</email> </person>
We’ll look at a way to view this tree as a set.
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<person> <name>Alan</name> <age>19</age> <email>alan@his.org </email> </person>
person
name age
Alan 19
alan@
/
This is the normal way an XSLT programmer views the document.
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<person> <name>Alan</name> <age>19</age> <email>alan@his.org</email> </person>
We can represent this tree as a set.
{person : { name : alan, age : 19, email : alan@his.org } }
A tree will be represented as a set of ordered pairs.
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Another example
<biblio> <book> <author> Smith </author> <author> Jones </author> <date> 1976 </date> </book> <book> <author> Bell </author> <date> 1999 </date> </book> <paper> <title> Public key encryption</title> <author> Kensworth </author> </paper></biblio>
{biblio:{ book:{author:Smith,author:Jones,date:1976},
book:{author:Bell,date:1999},
paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth}
}
}
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XSLT uses Structural Recursion
An XSLT stylesheet can be viewed as a function thatdefines a transformation.
O = S(I)
I is the input document S is the stylesheet O is the output document
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An example
f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else vf({}) = {}f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)
// This program replaces integers with strings.
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An example
f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else vf({}) = {}f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)
f({biblio:{ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999}, paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth} }}) =
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f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else vf({}) = {}f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)
= {biblio: f({ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999}, paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth} } ) }
We have a match
An example
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f({ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999}, paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth} }) =
f({ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999} })
union
f({ paper:{title:Public key encryption, author:Kensworth} })
f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2) We have a match
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f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else v
f({}) = {}
f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }
f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)
We have a match
f({ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}, book:{author:Bell,date:1999} }) =
f( {book :{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}}) unionf( {book:{author:Bell,date:1999}}
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f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else v
f({}) = {}
f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }
f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)
We have a match
f( {book :{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}}) =
{ book : f({author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}) }
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f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else v
f({}) = {}
f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }
f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)
We have a match
f({author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976}) =
f({author:Smith}) union f({author : Jones, date:1976})
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f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else v
f({}) = {}
f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }
f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)
We have a match
f({author:Smith}) = { author : f (Smith) }
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f(v) = if isInt(v) then intTwoString(v) else v
f({}) = {}
f({r : t }) = { r : f(t) }
f( t1 union t2 ) = f(t1) union f(t2)
We have a match
{ author : f (Smith) } = { author : Smith }
… and so on …
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f({biblio:{ book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:1976},
book:{author:Bell,date:1999},
paper:{title:Public key encryption,
author:Kensworth}
}
}) = {biblio:{book:{author:Smith, author:Jones, date:”1976”},
book:{author:Bell,date:”1999”},
paper:{title:Public key encryption,
author:Kensworth}
}
}
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An Example From The Financial World (FpML)
FpML (Financial products Markup Language) is a new protocol to enable e-commerce activities in the field of financial derivatives.It is based on XML (Extensible Markup Language), the standardmeta-language for describing data shared between applications.Ultimately, it will allow for the electronic integration of a rangeof services, from electronic trading and confirmations toportfolio specification for risk analysis. All categories of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives will eventually beincorporated into the standard; however, the initial release willfocus on interest rate swaps and Forward Rate Agreements (FRAs).
Taken from www.fpml.org’s web site
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Who put FpML together?Bank of America BNP Paribas Chase Manhattan Bank Citigroup Concordia Net Credit Suisse First Boston Deutsche Bank Extensibility FinancialFusion Fuji Capital Markets
Goldman Sachs IBM J.P. Morgan Morgan Stanley Dean Witter PricewaterhouseCoopers Reuters SunGard Trading and Risk Systems S.W.I.F.T. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial TelecommunicationUBS Warburg webMethods
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An FpML Document
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!-- Copyright (c) 1999 by J.P.Morgan and PricewaterhouseCoopers.PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to the individual member firms of the World wide PricewaterhouseCoopers organization. All rights reserved.--><!-- version 1.0b2 : August 6, 1999 -->
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<fpml:FpML xmlns:fpml='urn:fpml-FpML' xmlns:m='urn:fpml-money' xmlns:r='urn:fpml-rate'> <fpml:Trade> <fpml:tradeIDs> <tid:TradeIDs xmlns:tid="urn:fpml-TradeID"> <tid:TradeID> <tid:partyReference>XYZ Investement Bank</tid:partyReference> <tid:transactionReferenceNumber>237732</tid:transactionReferenceNumber> </tid:TradeID> <tid:TradeID> <tid:partyReference>ABC Investments</tid:partyReference> <tid:transactionReferenceNumber>1230</tid:transactionReferenceNumber> </tid:TradeID> </tid:TradeIDs> </fpml:tradeIDs>
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<fpml:product> <fpswp:FXSwap xmlns:fpswp="urn:fpml-FX-Product-SwapType"> <fpswp:productID>P123908</fpswp:productID> <!-- at the moment valid value is FXSwap. it could
be expanded later --> <fpswp:productType>FXSwap</fpswp:productType> <fpswp:nearLeg> <ftsl:FXLegTemplate xmlns:ftsl="urn:fpml-FX-Template-Leg" xmlns:fxs="urn:fpml-shared-FX"> <fxs:ccy1>SFC</fxs:ccy1> <fxs:ccy2>GBP</fxs:ccy2> <fxs:ccy1BuyerReference>ABC Investments</fxs:ccy1BuyerReference> <fxs:ccy2BuyerReference>XYZ Investement Bank</fxs:ccy2BuyerReference> <fxs:ccy1Amount> <m:Money> <m:ccy>SFC</m:ccy> <m:amount>15600000</m:amount> </m:Money> </fxs:ccy1Amount>
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<fxs:ccy2Amount> <m:Money> <m:ccy>GBP</m:ccy> <m:amount>10000000</m:amount> </m:Money> </fxs:ccy2Amount> <fxs:settlementDate>1999-08-01</fxs:settlementDate> <fxs:exchangeRate> <r:FXRate> <r:ccy1>SFC</r:ccy1> <r:ccy2>GBP</r:ccy2> <r:type>offer</r:type> <r:quoteBasis>CCY1PERCCY2</r:quoteBasis> <r:rate>1.56</r:rate> </r:FXRate> </fxs:exchangeRate> </ftsl:FXLegTemplate> </fpswp:nearLeg>
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<fpswp:farLeg> <ftsl:FXLegTemplate xmlns:ftsl="urn:fpml-FX-Template-Leg" xmlns:fxs="urn:fpml-shared-FX"> <fxs:ccy1>SFC</fxs:ccy1> <fxs:ccy2>GBP</fxs:ccy2> <fxs:ccy1BuyerReference>XYZ Investement Bank</fxs:ccy1BuyerReference> <fxs:ccy2BuyerReference>ABC Investments</fxs:ccy2BuyerReference> <fxs:ccy1Amount> <m:Money> <m:ccy>SFC</m:ccy> <m:amount>16600000</m:amount> </m:Money> </fxs:ccy1Amount> <fxs:ccy2Amount> <m:Money> <m:ccy>GBP</m:ccy> <m:amount>10000000</m:amount> </m:Money> </fxs:ccy2Amount>
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<fxs:settlementDate>1999-09-01</fxs:settlementDate> <fxs:exchangeRate> <r:FXRate> <r:ccy1>SFC</r:ccy1> <r:ccy2>GBP</r:ccy2> <r:type>offer</r:type> <r:quoteBasis>CCY1PERCCY2</r:quoteBasis> <r:rate>1.66</r:rate> </r:FXRate> </fxs:exchangeRate> </ftsl:FXLegTemplate> </fpswp:farLeg> </fpswp:FXSwap> </fpml:product>
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<fpml:partyInformation> <pty:PartyInformation xmlns:pty="urn:fpml-party" xmlns:a="urn:fpml-contact"> <pty:tradeParties> <pty:Party name="ABC_Trust">
<pty:partyType>COUNTERPARTY</pty:partyType> <pty:corporateInformation> <pty:CorporateInformation> <pty:shortName>ABC Investments</pty:shortName> </pty:CorporateInformation> </pty:corporateInformation> <pty:confirmInformation> <pty:ConfirmInformation> <pty:primaryConfirmContact>
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<a:Contact> <a:contactName>Jacob Smith</a:contactName> <a:contactOrganizationName>ABC Investments</a:contactOrganizationName> <a:emailAddress>jsmith@abc.com</a:emailAddress> <a:phoneNumber>212-888-1234</a:phoneNumber> <a:faxNumber>212-888-8888</a:faxNumber> <a:contactAddress> <a:Address> <a:streetAddress> <a:StreetAddress> <a:streetLine>123, Park Avenue</a:streetLine> </a:StreetAddress> </a:streetAddress> <a:city>New York</a:city> <a:state>NY</a:state> <a:country>US</a:country> <a:postalCode>10387</a:postalCode> </a:Address> </a:contactAddress> </a:Contact>
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</pty:primaryConfirmContact> </pty:ConfirmInformation> </pty:confirmInformation> <pty:settlementInformation> <pty:SettlementInstructions> <pty:settlementContact> <a:Contact> <a:contactName>Jacob Smith</a:contactName> <a:contactOrganizationName>Trade Settlements</a:contactOrganizationName> <a:phoneNumber>212-888-1434</a:phoneNumber> <a:faxNumber>212-888-6668</a:faxNumber> </a:Contact> </pty:settlementContact>
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<pty:paymentInstructions> <pty:PaymentInstructions> <pty:settlementCurrency>GBP</pty:settlementCurrency> <pty:payFromName>ABC Bank PLC</pty:payFromName> <pty:correspondentInformation> <pty:FIRoutingInformation> <pty:fiName>ABC Bank PLC</pty:fiName> <pty:fiAddress> <a:Address> <a:city>London</a:city> <a:country>UK</a:country> </a:Address> </pty:fiAddress> <pty:fiAccountNumber>123456</pty:fiAccountNumber> <pty:fiRoutingID>ABC45678UK33</pty:fiRoutingID> <pty:fiRoutingIDType>SwiftBIC</pty:fiRoutingIDType> </pty:FIRoutingInformation> </pty:correspondentInformation>
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<pty:intermediaryInformation> <pty:FIRoutingInformation> <pty:fiName>XYZ Bank PLC</pty:fiName> <pty:fiAccountNumber>293774</pty:fiAccountNumber> </pty:FIRoutingInformation> </pty:intermediaryInformation> <pty:beneficiaryInformation> <pty:FIRoutingInformation> <pty:fiName>ABC Brokers</pty:fiName> <pty:fiAccountNumber>/883733333</pty:fiAccountNumber> <pty:fiReferenceText>For the account of Harry Smith-/883733333 </pty:fiReferenceText> </pty:FIRoutingInformation> </pty:beneficiaryInformation> </pty:PaymentInstructions> </pty:paymentInstructions> </pty:SettlementInstructions> </pty:settlementInformation> </pty:Party>
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<!--Also expected is the full settlement instructions for:<pty:partyReferenceName>XYZ Investment bank</pty:partyReferenceName>...--> </pty:tradeParties> </pty:PartyInformation> </fpml:partyInformation> </fpml:Trade></fpml:FpML>
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FpML to HTML using XSLT
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:tid="urn:fpml-TradeID"
version="1.0">
<!-- Display party reference data -->
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<xsl:template match = "/" > <html> <title>Foreign Exchange Swap</title> <body> <xsl:apply-templates/> </body> </html>
</xsl:template>
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<xsl:template match = "* | text()"> <xsl:apply-templates/>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="tid:partyReference"> <p> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </p>
</xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
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Wireless XSL
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WML<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN“ "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml> <template> <do type="back" label="Back"> <prev/> </do> </template> <card id="main" title="Welcome to my WAP"> <p align="center">I can't say much, since this screen is tiny.<br/> Why don't you visit my <a href="#fave">favorite WAP links.</a> </p> </card>
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<card id="fave" title="Favorite WAP Links"> <p align="center">These are some WAP sites I would love, if they existed.</p> <p align="left"> <a href="wap.cats.com">Tiny cat pictures</a><br/> <a href="wap.weather.com">The weather</a><br/> <a href="wap.jellybeans.org">One click jelly bean ordering</a> </p> </card> </wml>
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HomeworkConsider XML document I
<a> <e> <b> <c>1</c> <c>2</c> </b> <a> <c>3</c> </a> </e> </a>
(1) Write an XSLT stylesheet thatgenerates the same documentbut with all element namescapitalized. Use Xalan.
(2) Design a function f = O(I)that defines f(v), f({}) ,f({r : t }) and f( t1 union t2 ) so that I is transformedas described in (1).
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Bibliography
XSLT Programmer’s Reference, Michael Kay, Wrox
Data on the Web, Abiteboul, Buneman, Suciu, Morgan Kaufmann
XML Bible, Elliotte Rusty Harold, IDG Books
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