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International migration and International migration and development: Global policies and development: Global policies and
implications for data collectionimplications for data collectionBela Hovy, ChiefBela Hovy, ChiefMigration SectionMigration Section
Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESAUnited Nations, New YorkUnited Nations, New York
Training workshop on international migration statistics(ESCWA, DESA, ALO, MEDSTAT)
Cairo, Egypt, 30 June – 3 July 2009
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Presentation overviewPresentation overview
I. Defining international migration (1)II. Global migration trends (4)III. Global migration policies (3)IV. International migration and
development at the United Nations (2)V. Implications for data collection (4)VI. Conclusions (1)
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Defining international migration
Stocks and flows• Stocks: population at a certain date• Flows: movement during a certain period
Long-term (>1 yr) and short-term (<1 yr) Voluntary and forced
• Long-term settlement, work, study, family, …• Conflict, persecution, natural disasters, …
Legal and illegal (irregular) Spontaneous or organized
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
No. of international migrants rises, No. of international migrants rises, but stable as % of total populationbut stable as % of total population
75 78 81 8799
111
155165
177191
-
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
No
. o
f in
tern
ati
on
al m
igra
nts
(m
ln.)
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
% in
tern
ati
on
al m
igra
nts
No. of international migrants
Percentage
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
International migrants concentrated International migrants concentrated in limited number of countriesin limited number of countries
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Most migrants are Most migrants are inin the North the North (61%), but (61%), but fromfrom the South (65%) the South (65%)
53 million53 millionNorth
South61 million61 million
62
million
62
million
14 m
illion
14 m
illion
North
South
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Remittances received by the South Remittances received by the South show a sharp rise show a sharp rise
(Source: World Bank, in billions of US dollars)
31 34 40 4253
6272 69 73 77
8599
116
160 167
57
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Fewer Governments want to reduce Fewer Governments want to reduce their immigration levelstheir immigration levels
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Lower Maintain Nointervention
Raise
1996 2001 2003 2005
% countries
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
National immigration policiesNational immigration policies
Policies become Policies become lessless restrictive restrictive New policies allow for New policies allow for selectiveselective
migration of skilled migrationmigration of skilled migration New policies to develop New policies to develop temporarytemporary
(circular) migration schemes(circular) migration schemes Great Great diversitydiversity of policy positions of policy positions
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Main international instrumentsStates
Party
- 1990 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 37
- 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 144
- 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees 144
- 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children 123
- 2000 Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea 114
- 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 62
- 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 34
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
International migration and development International migration and development United Nations General Assembly United Nations General Assembly
International Conference on Population and Development, 1994 (ICPD, Cairo)
High-level Dialogue, 2006• Global Forum on Migration and Development (‘07-’12)• Special Representative of the Secretary-General• Global Migration Group (13 UN agencies and IOM)
One-day informal thematic debate, 2011
High-Level Dialogue, 2013
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Global Forum on Migration and DevelopmentGlobal Forum on Migration and DevelopmentAthens, 2 – 5 November, 2009Athens, 2 – 5 November, 2009
Theme: Integrating migration policies into development strategies for the benefit of all
Civil Society Days (2-3 Nov)
Roundtables (4-5 Nov)• 1. Migration, development and achieving MDGs
(development planning; diaspora; financial crisis)
• 2. Integration, return and circulation for development
• 3. Policy, institutional coherence, partnerships
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
Policy focusPolicy focus SourceSource
Transnational communitiesTransnational communities Census / pop. register Census / pop. register (ori./dest.), consulates(ori./dest.), consulates
RemittancesRemittances SNA, central bank, surveysSNA, central bank, surveys
Circular and return migrationCircular and return migration ??
Labour export (incl. highly-skilled Labour export (incl. highly-skilled migration [brain drain])migration [brain drain])
Employment abroad agency, Employment abroad agency, consulates, census (dest.)consulates, census (dest.)
Irregular migrationIrregular migration Combining census and adm. Combining census and adm. sourcessources
Trafficking and smugglingTrafficking and smuggling Min. of labour, immigrationMin. of labour, immigration
Refugees and asylumRefugees and asylum National RSD procedures, National RSD procedures, UNHCRUNHCR
Immigration / labour importImmigration / labour import Work permits, residence Work permits, residence permits, visa, registerspermits, visa, registers
Causes and impact of Causes and impact of international migrationinternational migration
Surveys comparing migrants Surveys comparing migrants and non-migrantsand non-migrants
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
RecommendationsRecommendations(CGD Commission)(CGD Commission)
Include basic questions in census and Include basic questions in census and disseminate results quickly and in detaildisseminate results quickly and in detail
Compile and publish relevant Compile and publish relevant administrative dataadministrative data
Include migration modules in existing Include migration modules in existing household surveys (LFS, MICS, LSMS, …) household surveys (LFS, MICS, LSMS, …)
Provide access to micro-dataProvide access to micro-data Build institutional capacityBuild institutional capacity
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
International migrant stock from India International migrant stock from India by country of birth or citizenship, latest available databy country of birth or citizenship, latest available data
No data
0 - 999
1,000 – 9,999
10,000 – 99,999
100,000 and over
United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA
The bottom lineThe bottom line
1)1) International migration no longer International migration no longer “business as usual” (“business as usual” (policypolicy main driver) main driver)
2)2) Time to act is Time to act is nownow (2010 census round) (2010 census round)
3)3) Progress is Progress is easyeasy: “low hanging fruit”: “low hanging fruit”
If we fail NOW, it will take another 10 If we fail NOW, it will take another 10 years before similar opportunityyears before similar opportunity
Questions? Comments?Questions? Comments?
www.unmigration.orgwww.unmigration.org
migrationp@un.orgmigrationp@un.org
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