International experiences in waswater treatment and reuse

Financiado por Co-implementado por Co-ejecutado por

International experiences in waswater treatment and reuseIng. Gustavo Heredia9/23/2021

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1. Aquapolo (Brasil)2. Mapocho (Chile)3. Lake Managua (Nicargua)4. Lake Patzcuaro (México)5. Aguatuya (Bolivia)

Cases+

International experiences in wastewater treatment and reuse9-23-2021

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Aquapolo (Brasil)

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+ Metropolitan area of Sao Paulo (Brazil)

+ Year: 2012

+ Challenge: Wastewater treatment for industrial use

Background

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+ Establishment of Aquapolo Ambiental S.A. (Specific-purpose company whose

shareholders are SABESP and GS Inima Brazil)

+ Contract with Braskem signed in 2009 for 43 years and extendable +10 years

+ Investment: 23 M USD (75% BNDES and 25% shareholders)

+ Minimum demand: 300 litres/second

+ Capacity: 1,000 litters/second

The project

Treatment system for industrial reuse (Aquapolo, Brazil)

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Treatment and reuse system

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+ Current demand 650 litres/second

+ Proportional reduction in drinking water production

+ Client companies have reduced their water tariff by 33% in addition to reducing the use of chemicals

+ Companies stopped relying on water from the

Tamanduateí River

+ Stable supply (less dependent on weather conditions)

Impact / bennefits

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+ http://www.aquapolo.com.br/historia/

+ https://www.ecodebate.com.br/2019/04/25/sp-projeto-aquapolo-projeto-de-producao-de-agua-de-reuso-transforma-esgoto-tratado-em-agua-industrial-por-paulo-afonso-da-mata-machado/

+ https://climatesmartwater.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/09/AIDIS-Uso_seguro_del_agua_26_sep.pdf (p.243)

+ http://site.sabesp.com.br/site/uploads/File/contratos_transparencia/aquapolo_plano_negocios.pdf

Reference

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Mapocho (Chile)

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+ Challenge: Polluted water in Rio Mapocho

(and others) causing diseases

+ Cholera outbreak in 1991

+ WW treatment program for Greater Santiago (2001-2012)

+ WWTPs: El Trebal (2001), La Farfana (2003)

and Mapocho (2012)

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Background

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+Owner: Aguas Andinas (An Agbar Group Suez subsidiary)

+Capacity: 380,000 m3/day

+Investment: 150 M USD

+Government subsidizes fees for low-income users. Tariffs areupdated every 5 year

The project

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Sistema de tratamiento / Reúso

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+Health risks were virtually eliminated

+Area under irrigation with safe water: 130,000 hectares

+High investment costs, carbon footprint of treatment processes

Impact / bennefits

+ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321623748_Reutilizacion_de_aguas_para_agricultura_en_America_Latina_y_el_Caribe_Estado_principios_y_necesidades/link/5cd2bee7299bf14d957eaee5/download

+ https://www.suez-america-latina.com/es/ofertasoluciones/historias-de-exito/nuestras-referencias/la-farfana-en-chile

+ https://www.revistaei.cl/2012/04/19/planta-mapocho-recuperando-energia-a-partir-de-su-proceso-productivo/#

+ https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.464.4554&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Reference

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Lake Managua (Nicaragua)

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+ City of Managua (Nicaragua)

+ Year: 2009

+ Challenge: To protect Lake Managua (Xolotlan) from domestic and industrial wastewater pollution

Background

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+ Establishment of an environmental protection and rehabilitation programme

+ Objective: Municipal wastewater treatment

+ Treatment capacity: 297,000 m3/day (1.1 M e.g.)

+ Reuse: Indirect for water source, fishing, recreation

+ Reuse: Agriculture

The project

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+ Owner/Operator: Empresa Nicaragüense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Sanitario (ENACAL)

+ Financing: German Development Bank (KfW)

+ Investment cost: 25 M €

El proyecto

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Sistema de tratamiento y reúso ENACAL (Managua)

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Tren de tratamiento

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Sludge treatment system

+ Greenhouse-type solar dryer in 1,310 m2

(11.3m x 116m) with forced ventilation

+ Mechanized turning

+ Drying time: 30 days

+ Final product: 87% dry matter

+ Energy consumption: 20 kWh vs. 800-1,000

kWh industrial dryers.

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+ Concentrations of DBO and OSH in the lake

reduced compared to levels before plant

+ Clearer water

+ Dissolved oxygen and phosphorus remain high

+ Pollution by industrial wastewater, solid

waste and nutrients from agriculture continues

Impact and challenges

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+ https://www.kfw.de/stories/environment/natural-resources/wastewater-treatment-managua/

+ https://www.fwt.fichtner.de/userfiles/fileadmin-fwt/201001_solarsludgedrying_managua.pdf

+ https://www.holcim.com.ni/comunicacion/de-nuestros-clientes/planta-de-tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales-de-managua

+ https://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/gwp-cam_files/srh_nicaragua_2016.pdf

Reference

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Lake Patzcuaro (México)

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+ Micoacán State (Mexico)

+ Lake Patzcuaro basin in a tourist and recreational region including 4 municipalities and 120,000 inhabitants

+ State program for the recovery of the lake (2003):

+ Rio Arronte Foundation+ National Water Commission+ National Forestry Commission+ Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA)

Background

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+ Low-cost technologies to avoid lake pollution

+ 6 municipal treatment systems

+ Capacity 43-432 m3/day

+ Reuse: Agricultural irrigation, fish farming, macrophyte production for handicrafts

Treatment systems

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Treatment train

Stabilization ponds Horizontal and vertical flow constructed wetlandsBar screen andgrit chamber

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Treatment efficiency

Parameter Santa Fé de la laguna CucuchuchoCOD reduction 91-93%BOD reduction 97% 94-98%TSS reducción 93-97%Total N reduction 87% 56-88%P reduction 65%

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+Between 2013 and 2016 operation and maintenance problems

+Wetland rehabilitation carried out

+O&M manuals were developed and operators were trained

Challenges

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+ https://publications.iadb.org/publications/spanish/document/Innovaciones-en-el-desarrollo-e-

implementacion-de-humedales-construidos-para-el-tratamiento-de-aguas-residuales-domesticas-en-Latinoamerica-y-El-Caribe.pdf

+ https://www.gob.mx/imta/videos/manejo-y-control-de-malezas-acuaticas-y-recuperacion-de-especies-emblematicas-del-lago-de-patzcuaro

+ https://sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/SEGURA%20et%20al%202018.%20Seg

uimiento%20y%20rehabilitaci%C3%B3n%20de%20humedal.pdf

Reference

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Aguatuya (Bolivia)

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+ Small towns (5,000 – 30,000

inhabitants) polluted water basin

+ Existing agricultural activity in the region

+ Water source for irrigation rain and deep boreholes

Background

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Project area (3 municipal urban centres)

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+ Financing: Swedish cooperation (SIDA) in Bolivia in partnership with municipalities

+ Implementation agency: Aguatuya Foundation (engineering + management)

+ Reuse approach for agricultural irrigation

The project

Municipal WWT plant

Capacity [m3/day] Area [m2] Investment cost[USD]

Cliza 568 8.000 500.000

Tolata 326 2.930 258.000

Punata 2.530 50.000 1.200.000

www.aguatuyua.org

www.aguatuyua.org

www.aguatuyua.org

www.aguatuyua.org

Surface under irrigation with treated wastewater

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Treatment train

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Treatment efficiency

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Linear approach to WW treatment

Well

Well

City

Crops

River

Fert.

Drinking water

Drinking water

Untreated WW

Rain

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Well Ciudad

Crops

RiverWWTP Treated WWWastewaterDrinking water

Rain

RainFood

Treated WWwith nutrients

Aquifer recharge

Circular economy approach to wastewater treatment and reuse

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Impact of treatment and reuse

Parameter Linear economy

Circular economy

Change∆ ∆ %

Organic load discharged to the river[Kg BOD/year]

241.000 6.000 -235.000 -97%

Suspended solids discharged to the river[Kg TSS/year]

167.000 6.000 -161.000 -97%

Nutrients (N) discharged to the river [Kg/year]

37.000 14.000 -23.000 -62%

Nutrients (P) discharged to the river [Kg/year]

5.000 2000 -3.000 -57%

Underground water extraction[m3/year]

296.000 0 -296.000

Import or fertilizers (N and P) [Kg/year]

12.000 0 -12.000

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+ The level of treatment depends on the type of reuse intended

+ Depending on the local needs, you can opt for large, centralized systems or smaller distributed/ decentralized systems

+ Only a combination of distinct and complementary systems can solve the wastewater problem

+ Reuse in agricultural irrigation offers a triple benefit: Water conservation, nutrient recovery,

eutrophication prevention

+ Reuse generates opportunities for circular economy. Waste is turned into resources

Conclusions

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Let us develop a Compendiumof Sanitation Systems and Technologies for the Wider Caribbean Region

• BORDA is active in the Latin American and Caribbean region since 2010• First projects initiated in 2012 in Mexico and Nicaragua• Activities then spread to Haiti and Cuba • Regional office in Mexico City + country office in Managua 2015

Call for Action by a new project partnership between &

• Regionally contextualized and application-oriented• Different components of the sanitation service chain at your fingertips• Guidance on the selection of appropriate wastewater treatment solutions

To be launched during LatinoSan VI, April 2022! Final Draft to be developed by December 2021!

You want to learn more about the What, Why, When, by Whom and How you can contribute?

Don’t miss the Kick-Off Workshop!Friday, Oct. 1st, at 09.00-10.30 Costa Rica time (UTC-6)

Sign up: https://bit.ly/compendium-kick-off-registration

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The session materials:

• Presentation • Recording

Can be found in the CReW+ Academy website

Link: https://academy.gefcrew.org/en/resources

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Thank you

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International experiences in wastewater treatment and reuse9-23-2021

Financiado por Co-implementado por Co-ejecutado por

gustavo.heredia.deiters@gmail.com