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Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish
Interior finishing
Definition: The installation of
cover materials to walls and ceilings
Prerequisites to Construction: Utilities, heating,
and insulation are installed
Exterior doors and windows must be hung and installed.
Interior walls can be covered with any one of a number of materials:
Gypsum wallboard(drywall)
Plywood and particleboard
Plaster
Gypsum wallboard for plaster veneering
Hardboard and fiberboard
Cement board
Predecorate gypsum paneling
Solid wood paneling
Special finishes
Gypsum wallboard (drywall)
Def: A laminated material
with a gypsum core and paper covering on either side.
Has fireproof core Variety of thickness, shown on right, and lengths (4’ x 8’, 7’, 9’, 10’, 12’, and 14’ Also requires special tools (next slide):
Gypsum wallboard for plaster veneering
This is a base of gypsum board
Usually ½” thick
It’s applied as a backing for a thin coat of plaster
Predecorated gypsum paneling
This is the same as gypsum wallboard. The difference: Decorative vinyl
finishes have been applied and edges have received special treatment so no other finish work is needed.
Plywood and particleboard
Picture to the right is fabricated in 4’ widths. Lengths: 7, 8, 9, and 10’ Prefinished in a variety of colors and patterns
Hardboard and fiberboard
These are produced from wood fibers in sizes and thicknesses similar to plywood. The face finish is simulated to look like wood. Variations of fiber board are used as ceiling coverings.
Solid wood paneling
These are boards or pieces of solid wood. Widths: Vary from 2 to 12” Thicknesses: Either 1” or 2” Lengths: Vary from 4 to 10’ Faces may be rough-sawed, plain, or molded in a variety of patterns.
Plaster
The most popular wall covering. It is made of powdered gypsum to which other materials are added to improve drying time.
A plastered wall system includes: A base support,
such as metal or gypsum lath
Coats of wet plater
Cement board
Definition: A versatile fiber-
reinforced cement panel material that is used as a base (underlayment) for finishing materials used on walls, floors, and countertops.
Fireproof, & water and impact resistant
Special Finishes
These include a variety of products and materials: Brick Stone Glazed Tile Plastic Tile Plastic Laminates
Often found in kitchens and bathrooms
Ceilings can be covered with many of the same materials used for walls.
Composition tiles are especially suitable because they are easy to install.
Drywall Construction
Drywall materials, such as gypsum wallboard, (shown on left) are the most common coverings used in modern construction b/c: It saves time Dries faster than
regular plaster
Single Layer Construction* Cover ceiling first, then walls.
Method One:
Parallel
Long edges of panels run in the same direction as studs and joists.
Method Two: Perpendicular
Long edges of panels are at right angles to studs and joists.
Generally more prefered method.
In either method, vertical wall joints must fall over and center on studs. Both parallel and
perpendicular are shown to the right
Carpenter will use whichever method has fewer joints.
Measuring and Cutting
1. Score face with sharp knife pulled along straight edge, cut should penetrate the paper and enter the gypsum core
2. Support main section of sheet close to scored line
3. Snap the core by pressing downward sharply on overhang.
4. Support the cutoff with other hand
5. Score the backing paper, as shown on right, and snap the cutoff upward
6. The cut can be smoothed with file or sandpaper
Nails and Screws
For single layer const., nails are spaced no further than 7” (ceiling) and 8” (wall). Keep 3/8” from ends and edges (On right) drywall fasteners
Walls Wallboard must
be drawn tightly Start nailing at
abutting edge Nail the field (area
between edges) first Drive nails
straight
Ceilings Double nailing
method of attachment ensures firm contact with framing
Nails in field of board should be spaced 12” on center
After panel is secured, another nail is driven approx. 2” from first
Adhesive Fastening
Produce a sturdier wall that is more resistant to impact sounds Some have flammable solvents Application: Apply continuous bead to the center of all
studs, joists, or furring. Should be ¼ to 3/8” wide
Use temporary nailing or bracing to ensure full contact of the wallboard.
Joint & Fastener Concealment
1. Apply a bedding coat of compound into the depression formed by the tapered edges of board over all butt joints
2. Center reinforcing tape over joint and smooth out.
3. Press tape by drawing 5-6” knife along joint with pressure
4. Apply skim coat over tape.5. Apply second coat over tape.6. Feather edges and apply third coat.7. Sand if necessary.
Corners
Outside corners are reinforced with a metal corner bead.
Fasten by nailing into wallboard and frame
Conceal with joint compound
Internal corners Coat joint compound
to both sides Fold tape along center
and smooth
Double Layer Construction
Also called two-ply Double layer
wallboard apps. over wood framing
Base can be drywall or backing board A gyp. board with a
gray liner paper on both sides
Attaching the Layers
Base layers are applied to framing with staples, nails, or screws The finish layer is laminated to base layer with an adhesive or compound Joints should be offset at least 10”
from the joints of base layer
Adhesive is usually applied to entire surface
Boards
Cement board Manufactured from a slurry of portland
cement reinforced with polymer-coated fiberglass mesh embedde3d in both sides.
Rigid or flexible
Moisture Resistant (MR) Wallboard Plywood processed to withstand the effects
of moisture and high humidity light green facing can be used as base under ceramic tile and
other nonabsorbent finishing materials
Veneer Plaster A high-strength material applied as a coat
less than 1/8” thick Dries rapidly one- or two- coat application
Predecorated Wallboard Usually applied vertically Walls must be dry before installation Use of adhesive to bond panels is common
Wallboard on Masonry Walls
Two methods of preparing masonry walls for interior finish:
(top) Wallboard can be attached to metal furring channels. Rigid insulation is used
(bottom) Wood furring strips and blanket insulation
Installing Plywood
1. Before, panels should be adjusted to room temp. and humidity
2. Plan layout, begin at corner3. Cut upward against the panel face4. Attach directly to wall studs with
nails or adhesives5. Recommended use: ¼” plywood
over ½” gypsum wallboard base
Plaster
Qualities: Beauty, durability,
economy, fire protection, structural rigidity, highly adaptive to shapes, and sound resistance
made from gypsum
Plaster Base
Sheet materials and metal lath Plaster base materials:
A. Gypsum lath
B. Insulating fiberboard lath
C. Perforated gyp. Lath D. Expanded metal
lath
Plaster Materials & Methods
Three-coat work Scratch coat
Applied directly to plaster base It is cross-raked after having stiffened
Brown coat Applied and leveled with the grounds and screeds. A
long flat tool called and darby and rod are used Finish coat
Applied when third coat is somewhat dry
Two-coat work Scratch coat and brown coat are applied
almost at the same time
Ceiling Tile
Can be installed over engineered metal strips, wood furring strips, solid plaster, drywall, or smooth continuous surfaces Many materials can be used Standard size is 12”X12”
Estimating Materials
Determining Area of Rooms Ceiling area is usually the same as floor area
Multiply length times width Wall area
add all the wall lengths together and multiply by the wall height
Sheet Materials Always plan to use the longest practical
sheet. Divide total length of walls by the width of sheets to
find the number of sheets needed Estimate each room separately
Estimated Solid Paneling Based on nominal and unfinished
size Calculate the square footage of the wall
to be covered then multiply by the various factors taken from lumber tables:
For 1x6 tongue and groove boards, use 1.17 For 1x8 tongue and groove boards, use 1.16
On standard vertical applications, add 5% for waste
Gypsum Lath Produced in smaller sections than full
sheets Figure the area of the ceiling and add to this
the area of the walls (length of walls x height) Prices are normally based on square yards Ceiling tile are estimated by figuring the
area to be covered (square footage) Round up
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