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Information state and dialogue management in the TRINDI
Dialogue Move Engine Toolkit, Larsson and Traum 2000
D&QA Reading Group, Feb 20th 2007Genevieve Gorrell
Information State Approach
Information state comprises cumulative additions from previous actions in the dialogue
“Superset” of finite state approaches since the state can easily be characterised as the information state but the information state is too rich to be rendered as a tractable finite state representation
Richer than structural approaches, more transparent than plan-based approaches ...
Information state theory of dialogue comprises
Informational components
Formal representation of the informational components
Dialogue moves
Update rules
Update strategy
Informational Components
Choose your own theory BDI?
Static/dynamic distinction may prove useful
Dialogue Gameboard (Ginzburg) Private/shared elements
Formal Representations of Informational Components
Simple abstract data types, logics, statistical systems ...
Lists, sets, stacks etc.
Dialogue Moves
A representation of the input/whatever you are going to update based on
Abstracts about the meaning/intention of the input
A variety of taxonomies exist
Logical forms etc.
Update Strategy
How to apply the rules? Take the first rule that applies
Apply each rule (if applicable) in sequence
Apply rules according to class
Choose among applicable rules using probabilistic information
Present choices to user to decide (for development modes)
Example
System has agenda item to ask user's destination
This meets conditions for update rule that selects “ask” move
System asks the question and applies the integrate rule shown earlier
Rule moves the question from the private agenda to the shared questions under discussion
Sys: Where do you want to go?Usr: Malvern
What is TRINDIKIT?
TRINDIKIT is a dialogue move engine toolkit
Provides basic architecture
Provides facilities for implementing theories of information state
Does not provide: User interface
Interpretation
Generation
Control
Architecture cont.
Total Information State (TIS)
Information State
Hookups to additional resources
Dialogue Move Engine (DME)
One or more DME modules
DME-external modules
Control module, synchronous or asynchronous
TRINDIKIT also provides ... Datatype definitions
Language and format for TIS update rules
Methods for accessing the TIS
Algorithm definition language for DME and control modules
Default modules for input, interpretation, generation and output
Methods for converting items from one type to another (?)
Methods for visually inspecting the TIS
Debugging
GoDiS 1 Simple grounding phenomena
Question accommodation
Task accommodation
8 dialogue move types
ask, answer, repeat, request_repeat, greet, goodbye, thank, quit
Private, shared distinction in IS
shared information has been explicitly established in the dialogue
GoDiS 2 Shared information comprises:
propositions
questions under discussion
latest dialogue move (speaker, move type, content)
Private information comprises beliefs
agenda
plan (actions that are long term goals, editable during dialogue. How is this different to the agenda?)
tmp (mirrors shared fields, however information is not yet grounded)
GoDiS—Accommodation 1
Sys: Welcome to the travel agency!Usr: flights to parisSys: What city do you want to go from?
GoDiS—Accommodation 2
If the answer A is the answer to a question Q that it is in the plan to raise, then delete that question from the private plan and add the question to the shared questions under discussion (?)
GoDiS Update Algorithm
Rule types comprise refill, grounding, integrate, accommodate, database and store
EDIS 1
Information state comprises:
common ground obligations social commitments dialogue history conditional statements
semi-public grounded discourse units
private intentions
EDIS Update Algorithm Create new DU, add to UDUs
Set CDU to the new DU, set PDU to CDU
Perform updates on the basis of backward grounding acts
If any other type of act is observed
add to dialogue history
execute appropriate update rule(s)
Apply update rules to all parts of the IS with newly added acts
Other TRINDIKIT Systems—MIDAS
Discourse Representational Structures
Grounding tracking a la Poesio & Traum
Other TRINDIKIT Systems—Autoroute (Lewin)
Conversational games formalised as recursive transition networks
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