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INFINITIVES & INFINITIVE
PHRASESMinilesson
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
DEFINITION
A type of verbal
Formula = to + verb
Functions as a noun (subject, direct object, or subject complement), adjective, or adverb
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
INFINITIVES IN LITERATURE
Hamlet: To be, or not to be?
To Kill a Mockingbird
Star Trek: To boldly go
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
LET’S FIND SOME INFINITIVES!
1. John wanted to talk to Jim at lunch.
2. It’s rude to pick your nose in public.
3. The toddler wanted to talk about candy all day.
4. I’m going to throw a potato at you.
5. The baby tried to sneeze on my new shirt.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
Underline the infinitive in each sentence.
1. John wanted to talk to Jim at lunch.
2. It’s rude to pick your nose in public.
3. The toddler wanted to talk about candy all day.
4. I’m going to throw a potato at you.
5. The baby tried to sneeze on my new shirt.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
FUNCTION
Finding an infinitive is easy.
Determining the function of an infinitive can be confusing.
Let’s take a look at some examples…
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT
To leave seemed foolish when a hurricane was on the way.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
What seemedfoolish?
INFINITIVE AS DIRECT OBJECT
The Cubs wanted to win the World Series.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
The Cubs
wanted what?
infinitive follows an
action verb
INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
Her goal is to ace the final exam.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
Her goal is
what?
infinitive follows a
linking verb
INFINITIVE AS ADJECTIVE
She lacked the desire to study.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
The infinitive
is describing the NOUN“desire.”
INFINITIVE AS ADVERB
We should practice to improve.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
The infinitive
is describing the VERB. It is saying why
we should practice.
FUNCTION I.D. PRACTICE!
1. We all want to see the pictures of Hawaii.
2. My goal is to finish the marathon.
3. He took the class to understand the way people think.
4. She didn’t have the guts to cheat.
5. To quit after all our hard work didn’t seem right.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
Underline the infinitive in each sentence. Then,
determine its function.
1. We all want to see the pictures of Hawaii.
(D.O. answering What? after an action verb)
2. My goal is to finish the marathon.
(S.C. – P.N. answering What? after a linking verb)
3. He took the class to understand the way people think.
(Adverb – why did he take the class?)
4. She didn’t have the guts to cheat.
(Adjective – describes the noun “guts”)
5. To quit after all our hard work didn’t seem right.
(Subject)
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
CAUTION!
Don’t confuse an infinitive with a preposition.
Both can begin with the word “to.”
BUT…
Infinitive = to + verb
Preposition = to + noun/pronoun (object)
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
PREPOSITION OR INFINITIVE?
1. I’m so excited to go on vacation.
2. On vacation, we are going to Disney World.
3. We have to take the interstate to get there.
4. Upon arrival, we will go to our hotel room.
5. I’m so excited to sleep in a hotel!
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
Determine whether the underlined words in each
sentence are an infinitive or a preposition.
1. I’m so excited to go on vacation.
(INFINITIVE)
2. On vacation, we are going to Disney World.
(PREPOSITION)
3. We have to take the interstate to get there.
(INFINITIVE)
4. Upon arrival, we will go to our hotel room.
(PREPOSITION)
5. I’m so excited to sleep in a hotel!
(INFINITIVE)
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
INFINITIVE PHRASE
Formula = to + verb + modifiers
Examples:
We tried to arrive on time.
Sally wanted to give me a present.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
to + verb + modifiers
INFINITIVE PHRASE PRACTICE
1. Shelly wanted to ride the rollercoaster.
2. They wanted me to be the captain of the team.
3. Mom wanted to give me money.
4. To finish her job without spilling paint all over the floor is
Leah’s main goal.
5. The best way to survive fifth period is to take doodling
materials to class.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
Underline the infinitive phrase in each sentence.
ANSWERS
1. Shelly wanted to ride the rollercoaster.
2. They wanted me to be the captain of the team.
3. Mom wanted to give me money.
4. To finish her job without spilling paint all over the floor is
Leah’s main goal.
5. The best way to survive fifth period is to take doodling
materials to class.
THE REA DING & WRITING HA V EN
Sometimes it helps to find the subject and verb.
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