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II. II. Types of ionsTypes of ionsionic compounds
formed from elements that change
•by losinglosing or or gaininggaining electrons to become more stablestable comcompoundpound.
2 types of ions:
CATCATIONSIONS ANANIONSIONS
CationsCations
•Ion with + charge, from loss of an electron
Naming:Naming:
•Formed from metallic elements
•same but add the word “ion”.
Al3+ =
Li+ =
Lithium ion
Aluminum ion
AnionsAnions
•Ion with a - charge, from gaining electron
Naming:Naming:
•Formed from nonmetallic elements
•ending change to“-ide” & add “ion”.
P3- =
O2- =
oxide ionphosphide ion
ExamplesExamples
Change in electrons: 1 electron gained
Formula of ion:
Symbol: Br
Br
Bromide ionName of ion:
-
Symbol: Mg
Change in electrons: 2 electrons lost
Formula of ion:Name of ion:
Mg2+
Magnesium ion
III. 2 III. 2 Types of chemical Types of chemical formulasformulas
Molecular Molecular FormulaFormula
Structural Structural FormulaFormula
H2O water
No arrangement
Shows arrangement
• Diagrams/models -
To show the arrangement of the atoms 3 dimensions -
H HO
What is the Structural What is the Structural Formula for waterFormula for water
Diatomic Molecules
Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2
What does thesubscript 2 represent?
Two atoms!
•Are these molecular or structural formulas?
& NaCl ?Formula UnitFormula Unit
What is aFormula Unit or Empirical Formula Unit or Empirical FormulaFormula
subscripts
reduced!
Na42Cl42 =NaCl
Si2O4 =SiO2
Lowest whole # ratio of ions
Zinc Nitrate, Lithium Flouride, Potassium Nitrate, Magnesium Flouride (Binary?)
Potassium Chloride
AgF
AlBr3
KCl
Aluminum Bromide
Magnesium Chloride MgCl2
Type I - simple
CdF2
ZnF2
Silver Fluoride
Zinc Fluoride
Cadnium Fluoride
SiO2
CO
PCl3
+4
Phosphorus Tri
Chloride Carbon Monoxide
KFAgNO3Ba(NO3)
2
Potassium Flouride
Barium Nitrate
Silver Nitrate
Diphosphorus trioxide
Silicon
Tetrabromide P2O3 SiBr4
CuCO33
FeBr3 SnO(CO3)2-
(Br -)3
O2-
Type III - Prefix
Nomenclature of Inorganic Nomenclature of Inorganic CompoundsCompounds
Cpd.Cpd. namename aqueous aqueous solutionsolution
HFHF hydrogen fluoride hydrofluoric acid hydrogen fluoride hydrofluoric acidHCl hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acidHCl hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acidHBr hydrogen bromide hydrobromic acidHBr hydrogen bromide hydrobromic acidHH22S S You do it!You do it!
Naming of Inorganic CompoundsNaming of Inorganic CompoundsCpd.Cpd. namename aqueous solutionaqueous solution
HFHF hydrogen fluoride hydrofluoric acid hydrogen fluoride hydrofluoric acidHCl hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acidHCl hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acidHBr hydrogen bromide hydrobromic acidHBr hydrogen bromide hydrobromic acidHH22S hydrogen sulfide hydrosulfuric acidS hydrogen sulfide hydrosulfuric acid
Nomenclature of Inorganic CompoundsNomenclature of Inorganic Compounds two nonmetals other than Htwo nonmetals other than H
minimum number of prefixesminimum number of prefixesCOCO carbon monoxidecarbon monoxideCOCO22 carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide
SOSO33 sulfur trioxidesulfur trioxide
OFOF22 You do it!You do it!
Naming of Inorganic CompoundsNaming of Inorganic Compounds two nonmetals other than Htwo nonmetals other than H
minimum number of prefixesminimum number of prefixesCOCO carbon monoxidecarbon monoxideCOCO22 carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide
SOSO33 sulfur trioxidesulfur trioxide
OFOF22 oxygen difluorideoxygen difluoride
PP44OO66 You do it!You do it!
Nomenclature of Inorganic CompoundsNomenclature of Inorganic Compounds two nonmetals other than Htwo nonmetals other than H
minimum number of prefixesminimum number of prefixes COCO carbon monoxidecarbon monoxide COCO22 carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide SOSO33 sulfur trioxidesulfur trioxide OFOF22 oxygen difluorideoxygen difluoride PP44OO66 tetraphosphorus tetraphosphorus
hexoxidehexoxide PP44OO1010 You do it!You do it!
Nomenclature of InorganicNomenclature of Inorganic CompoundsCompounds two nonmetals other than Htwo nonmetals other than H
minimum number of prefixesminimum number of prefixes COCO carbon monoxidecarbon monoxide COCO22 carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide
SOSO33 sulfur trioxidesulfur trioxide
OFOF22 oxygen difluorideoxygen difluoride
PP44OO66 tetraphosphorus hexoxidetetraphosphorus hexoxide
PP44OO1010 tetraphosphorus decoxidetetraphosphorus decoxide
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