IES LAS AGUAS - soap experiment

A cleaning reaction:

Making Making soapsoap

A little history:

The soap preparation is one of the oldest known chemical reactions. For centuries the production of consisted on homemade vegetable ashes and animal or vegetable fat. It was subsequently replaced by alkali ash

Fats and oils are esters formed by alcohol plus acid. Fatty substances are decomposed by treating with aqueous alkali (caustic sodium or potassium) producing a chemical reaction called saponification resulting soap and glycerin.

Reaction:

• Reagents

• Oil

• Products

• Soap

reactive

PRECAUTIONS

1. Wear gloves and cover your arms

2. Keep windows open

3. Caustic soda is highly corrosive

• We will have to do our calculations In order to satisfy stoichiometric relations:

• For each liter of oil we need 250 g/l of caustic soda.

PROCESS:

We will calculate the weight of soda flake with the digital balance and prepare a solution with 2 liters of water.We found that the soda is dissolved when the temperature rises. It is an exothermic process

We will ensure that the soda is well dissolved so that the chemical reaction takes place successfully

Add the oil slowly while beating

We continue stirring

We noticed that it is gradually changing the color, texture and density.There was a chemical reaction

we pour the chemical reaction into the tray and we let it dry.

When the soap solidifieswe must unmolde it and cut into bars.

Questions:

1. What's the chemical reaction that forms soap?

2. Identify the reactives and products in this reaction.

3. Explain what these two properties that are attributed to the soap:a) Hydrophobic:

b) Lipophilic:

4. Are you adjusted the reaction? In another case adjust it.