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IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
IEA BIOENERGYIEA BIOENERGYTask 42 Task 42 BiorefineryBiorefinery6th Task Meeting6th Task Meeting
Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 septemberseptember 20092009
Isabella De BariIsabella De BariENEA CR TRISAIAENEA CR TRISAIA
ITALYITALY
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
ENEAENEA’’S RESEARCH CENTERSS RESEARCH CENTERS
Biomass gasificationand bioethanol production
through SE
Biological
production
of H2; microalgae
Anaerbic digestion of wastes
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
ENEA’s activities onBIO-refinery
ENEA’s activities onBIO-refinery
•Biomass conversion in liquid fuel (ethanol) by STEAM-EXPLOSION
pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and
fermentation
•Fractionation of steam treated biomass incellulose, hemicellulose
and lignin to obtain products of industrial
interest
Development of innovative plant technologies and implementation of effective process configurations:
• Fixed bed reactor• Steam gasification in fluidised bed reactor
•Gasification with oxygen to obtain hydrogen rich gas
Production of gaseous fuels by means
of GASIFICATIONBiodieselBioethanol
�Conversionof waste oils;
�Conversionof glycerol(e.g. through anaerobicdigestion);
�Production of microalgaefor biodiesel
Biologicalproduction of H2 troughdark and light fermentation
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
Scrubber + filters
GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS
Ceramic Filters
scrubber
IC Engine
Gas Turbine
End UseEnd Use
Fuel Cell
Gas Turbine
END USEEND USE
Fuel Cell
Fluidized bed gasifier(Joule)
500 kWt
1000 kWth
80 kWt
Fixed Bed
PRODUCT GAS
BIOMASS
PRODUCT GASPRODUCT GAS
AIR
THERMOCOUPLE
NOZZLE
REFRACTORY
WALL
COMBUSTION
REDUCTION
ZONE
CYLINDRICAL
CHAMBER
Fluidized bed gasifier(Hydrosyn)
GASIFIERS
Fluidized bed gasifier(Joule)
500 kWt
1000 kWth
80 kWt
Fixed Bed
PRODUCT GAS
BIOMASS
PRODUCT GASPRODUCT GAS
AIR
THERMOCOUPLE
NOZZLE
REFRACTORY
WALL
COMBUSTION
REDUCTION
ZONE
CYLINDRICAL
CHAMBER
Fluidized bed (Hydrosyn)
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
P R O D U C T G A S
B IO M A S S
P R O D U C T G AS P R O D U C T G A S
A IR
T H E R M O C O U P L E
N O Z Z L E
R E F R A C T O R YW A L L
C O M B U S T IO NR E D U C T I O NZ O N E
C Y L IN D R I C A LC H A M B E R
ChinaChinaTrisaiaTrisaia
GasifierGasifier
CyclonesCyclonesVenturiVenturiScrubberScrubber
DemisterDemister
Sawdust Sawdust FilterFilter
GasifierGasifier
CyclonesCyclonesVenturiVenturiScrubberScrubber
DemisterDemister
Sawdust Sawdust FilterFilter
Downstream Gas Cleaning via Physical Methods:
Cyclones & Scrubber.
Downstream Gas Cleaning via Physical Downstream Gas Cleaning via Physical Methods: Methods:
Cyclones & Scrubber.Cyclones & Scrubber.
Operating Conditions
� Feeding: 50-100 kg
� Moisture: 10-20%
� Air Flow: 11-13 Nm3/hProduct Gas Composition
� H2 : 10÷16%
� O2: 1÷ 2%
� N2: 40÷54%
� CH4: 1÷3%
� CO: 15÷25%
� Other (CO2, H2O): 15÷20%
OperatingOperating ConditionsConditions
�� FeedingFeeding: 50: 50--100 kg100 kg
�� MoistureMoisture: 10: 10--20%20%
�� Air Flow: 11Air Flow: 11--13 Nm3/h13 Nm3/hProductProduct Gas Gas CompositionComposition
�� H2 : 10H2 : 10÷÷16%16%
�� O2: 1O2: 1÷÷ 2%2%
�� N2: 40N2: 40÷÷54%54%
�� CH4: 1CH4: 1÷÷3%3%
�� CO: 15CO: 15÷÷25%25%
�� OtherOther (CO2, H2O): 15(CO2, H2O): 15÷÷20%20%
Power Production - Smal Scale Plant
� Gasifier: DownDraft Fixed Bed
� Biomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (oak, olive, almond shells, etc)
� Gasification Agent: air
� Coupled to an Internal Combustion Engine
� Eletrical Power: 30 kWe
� LHV: 1100-1200 kcal/Nmc
Power Production Power Production -- SmalSmal Scale PlantScale Plant
�� Gasifier: Gasifier: DownDraftDownDraft Fixed BedFixed Bed
�� Biomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (oak, olive, almond shells, eBiomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (oak, olive, almond shells, etc)tc)
�� Gasification Agent: airGasification Agent: air
�� Coupled to an Internal Combustion EngineCoupled to an Internal Combustion Engine
�� EletricalEletrical Power: 30 Power: 30 kWekWe
�� LHV: 1100LHV: 1100--1200 kcal/1200 kcal/NmcNmc
The downdraft fixed bed The downdraft fixed bed gasifiersgasifiers
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
TrisaiaTrisaia
ChinaChina
The 1MWth Bubbling Fluidised Bed Reactor: the ‘China’ ProjectThe 1MWThe 1MWthth Bubbling Bubbling FluidisedFluidised Bed Reactor: the Bed Reactor: the ‘‘ChinaChina’’ ProjectProject
Characteristics� Feedstock: wood chips, Rice husks;� Moisture: 10-20 %� Feeding: 280 Kg/h� Gasification medium: Air� Flow rate: 500 Nm3/h� Operating Pressure: 1.0 bar� End Use: IC Engine� Electric Power: 160 kWe.
Producer Gas� CO: 15-19 % vol H2: 5-10 % vol� CO2: 16-18 % vol CH4: 1.5-7 % vol� C2H6: 0-0.5 % vol
CharacteristicsCharacteristics�� Feedstock: wood chips, Rice husks;Feedstock: wood chips, Rice husks;�� Moisture: 10Moisture: 10--20 %20 %�� Feeding: 280 Kg/hFeeding: 280 Kg/h�� Gasification medium: AirGasification medium: Air�� Flow rate: 500 NmFlow rate: 500 Nm33/h/h�� Operating Pressure: 1.0 barOperating Pressure: 1.0 bar�� End Use: IC EngineEnd Use: IC Engine�� Electric Power: 160 Electric Power: 160 kWekWe..
Producer GasProducer Gas� CO: 15CO: 15--19 % 19 % volvol H2: 5H2: 5--10 % 10 % volvol�� CO2: 16CO2: 16--18 % 18 % volvol CH4: 1.5CH4: 1.5--7 % 7 % volvol�� C2H6: 0C2H6: 0--0.5 % 0.5 % volvol
Gasifier developed in collaboration with University of L’Aquila.Gasifier developed in collaboration with University of L’Aquila.
From ‘China’ Project to ‘Hydrosyn’Objective: Development of a low environmental impac t Technology for gasouses fuel production ( H2-Rich)Main Changes Design: Air →→→→ O2/Steam; Compact Design.Final Goal: H2 →→→→ 30-40 %
From ‘China’ Project to ‘Hydrosyn’Objective: Development of a low environmental impac t Technology for gasouses fuel production ( H2-Rich)Main Changes Design: Air →→→→ O2/Steam; Compact Design.Final Goal: H2 →→→→ 30-40 %
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR TrisaiaThe Circulating Fluidised Bed Reactor (the ‘Joule’ Project)The Circulating Fluidised Bed Reactor (the The Circulating Fluidised Bed Reactor (the ‘‘JouleJoule’’ Project)Project)
TrisaiaTrisaia
Gasification plant developed in collaboration with: Vienna University of Technology, University of L’Aquila, UniversitéLouis Pasteur and Pall Filtersystem.Gasification plant developed in collaboration with: Vienna University of Technology, University of L’Aquila, UniversitéLouis Pasteur and Pall Filtersystem.
Main Objective of the ‘Joule’ Project Development of a Gasification Technology for H2-Rich Gas via Biomass Steam Gasification
Main Objective of the ‘Joule’ Project Development of a Gasification Technology for H2-Rich Gas via Biomass Steam Gasification
H2 Production� Gasifier: Fast Internally Circulating Fluidised Bed (FICFB)� Biomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (Almod Shell, Staw, Wood Chips)� Moisture: 10 – 20 %� Feeding: 120 Kg/h� Gasification Agent: Steam� Thermal Power: 550 kWth� LHV= 10 – 12 MJ/Nm3
� Max Gas Flow: 350 Nm3/h� Coupling to a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (125 Kwe).
H2 Production� Gasifier: Fast Internally Circulating Fluidised Bed (FICFB)� Biomass: Lignocellulosic Residues (Almod Shell, Staw, Wood Chips)� Moisture: 10 – 20 %� Feeding: 120 Kg/h� Gasification Agent: Steam� Thermal Power: 550 kWth� LHV= 10 – 12 MJ/Nm3
� Max Gas Flow: 350 Nm3/h� Coupling to a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (125 Kwe).
25.7CO2
% volGas
38.2H2
21.9CO
9.6CH4
< 1P [bar]
830T [°C]
Gasifier Exit
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
storage tank used fortransport
refrigerator
UASBVolume 200L
Instruments forgas composition
gasmeter
AnerobicAnerobic digestiondigestion of of wasteswastes
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
steamsteam explosionexplosion pilot pilot reactorreactor
Steam explosion batch
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
50 L
10 L
BioConversion ProcessesBioConversionBioConversion ProcessesProcesses
500 mL
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR TrisaiaItaly Italy –– NATIONAL ENERGY DEMANDNATIONAL ENERGY DEMAND
Population ~ 58 ML = 1 % of worldTotal energy demand: 195,6 Mtoe ~ 2 % of worldCO2 emissions (2003) : 467 Mt/a = 2% of the world emission
and 14% of the European emissions
13,9 9,8
84,8
69,7
17,4
0102030405060708090
solid fuel(coal)
natural gas Petroleum Renewable(biomass is
30% )
Electricenergy
(importedamount)
7,1% 5%8,9%
35,6%
43,3%
Ministry of the economical development-2006
•The energetic supply is still based on fossil fuels and on foreign imports•Contribution of renewables is modest compared with t he energetic consumptions
Mtoe
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
Italian Position Paper September 2007 (Electricity)Italian Position Paper September 2007 (Electricity)
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
Italian Position Paper September 2007 Italian Position Paper September 2007 ((HeatingHeating, , coolingcooling biofuels) biofuels)
Biomass covers 81% of the thermal energy production from renewables
Second generation biofuels from lignocellulosic residues could be an alternative option.
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
WhichWhich biomassbiomass forfor biorefinerybiorefinery in in ItalyItaly??
ENERGY CROPS (IN SETENERGY CROPS (IN SET--ASIDE OR ABANDONED LANDS):ASIDE OR ABANDONED LANDS):In Italy the setIn Italy the set --aside lands are 400.000 ha;aside lands are 400.000 ha;The lands previously cultivated with sugar beet are 120.000 haThe lands previously cultivated with sugar beet are 120.000 ha
short rotation coppice (SRC)short rotation coppice (SRC) (poplar) (poplar) ��In Italy In Italy 4000 ha4000 ha are already planted mostly in the northern are already planted mostly in the northern area because they require area because they require wet /irrigated landswet /irrigated lands
��((R&D on Fiber Sorghum, R&D on Fiber Sorghum, MiscantusMiscantus, giant reed, and , giant reed, and switchgrassswitchgrass ))
��OilcropsOilcrops In Italy in 2006 ONLY 16% of the biodiesel produced (In Italy in 2006 ONLY 16% of the biodiesel produced (70kt70kt) came from ) came from local crops of sunflower local crops of sunflower ((R&D on crops having high yields and high resistance to arid/semiR&D on crops having high yields and high resistance to arid/semiarid climates. arid climates. JatrophaJatropha curcascurcas for biodiesel production: oil yield: 1.6 t oil/hafor biodiesel production: oil yield: 1.6 t oil/ha))
��alcoholigenalcoholigen cropscrops.. In Italy in 2006 ONLY In Italy in 2006 ONLY 100 100 ktkt of ethanol were produced of ethanol were produced mainly from the distillation of the winery residues. mainly from the distillation of the winery residues. ((R&D on some varieties of sweet sorghum requiring low inputs and R&D on some varieties of sweet sorghum requiring low inputs and that can yield~ that can yield~ 35 t/ha DM, ethanol yield 5.6 t/ha35 t/ha DM, ethanol yield 5.6 t/ha))
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR TrisaiaRAW MATERIAL FROM RESIDUAL BIOMASSRAW MATERIAL FROM RESIDUAL BIOMASS
Residual straw: Italian distribution (t/y)
1.3201.320
Olive Olive huskhusk(s), (s), dregsdregs of of pressedpressedgrapesgrapes((ktkt))
2.1802.1804.9064.90615.71115.711
ForestForestwoodwood ((ktkt))
PrunningsPrunnings((ktkt) )
StrawStraw ((ktkt))
http://www.enea.it/enea_paese/sistema_elettrico/Cen simento_biomasse/
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
IndustrialIndustrial Production of Production of biodieselbiodiesel in in ItalyItaly
1
Novaol(livorno)
Oxem(Pavia)
Oil BVarese
Comlubebrescia
Ital Green Oil Verona
Ceral DocksVicenza
Caffaro
SabeMonfalcone
DP LubrificantiAprilia
Fox PetroliVasto
Italbioil(Monopoli)
New plants
Production capacity:
2007: 1.050.000 tons2008 : 1.550.000 tons
Productions2007: 400.000 tons2008: 595.000 tons
The market of biodiesel oscillates on the base of the the defiscalizationprogramms
Mythen(Ferrandina)
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
PotentialPotential market market forfor biofuelsbiofuels in the in the ItalianItalian transportationtransportation sectorsector
0,0
3,8
1,9
3,1 1,1
2,7
5,4
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0
Only b
ioEtO
H
Only B
iodi es
el
50%
Biodie
sel /5
0% B
ioEtO
H
80%
Biod
iesel/2
0%Bio
EtOH
Mt
Biodiesel BioEtOH2020 (substitution of 10%)
In Italy in 2006 ONLY In Italy in 2006 ONLY 100 100 ktkt of of bioethanolbioethanol were produced mainly from the distillation of were produced mainly from the distillation of the winery residuesthe winery residues
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
Production of first and Production of first and secondsecond generation generation bioethanol bioethanol byby Mossi&GhisolfiMossi&Ghisolfi ((TortonaTortona--ALAL))
M&G is the World’s largest producer of PET for packaging applications with head office in Tortona (Italy). It is third largestproducer of cellulose acetate for plastic end-use
M&G-Chemtex Strategy:
2009-10 - Corn-to-Ethanol plant in Tortona (Northern Ital y ):200 kT/y (67 MGY);
2010-14 - Ligno-cellulosic to ethanol:demonstration unit of 15÷20 kT/y (5÷6 MGY) (Italian fundsfrom the Program Industria 2015)
The ambitious targets: biomass yield DM of 50 t/ha with low input of nitrogen and water
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
GhisolfiGhisolfi--ChemtexChemtex projectsprojectsSecond generation BIOethanol process: Demonstration scale for the step of LIgnocellulosic hYdrolysis and FermentationProposal acronym: BIOLYFEType of funding scheme: Large-scale integrating Collaborative Project
Work programme topics addressed: ENERGY.2008.3.2.2
GermanyWIP9 WIP
GermanyInstitute for Energy and Environmental Research8 IFEU
ItalyAGRICONSULTING S.p.A.7 AGRI
DenmarkINBICON A/S6 INB
SwedenGENERAL MOTORS5 GM
SwedenLUNDS Universitet4 ULUND
ItalyItalian National Agency for new technology, Energy and Environment (ENEA)
3 ENEA
DenmarkNOVOZYMES A/S2 NZ
ItalyCHEMTEX Italia srl1 CTXI (Coordinator)
CountryParticipant organisation nameParticipant no.
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
NOVAMONTNOVAMONT--TERNITERNILeader in the European
bioplastics industry
Mater-Bi, the trademark, is a
starch-based biodegrade
material.
Investments of 31 M€ were
made.
The plastics bags can be
composted and returned to the
soil once the product’s lifecycle
is completed.
The process :destructuration of the starch proteins, amorphous amylase an d amylopectine, which are then complexed with polyester thro ugh hydrogen bonding.
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
Eni SpA-Gela Refinery (Sicily)
biofixation of CO2 bymeans of micro algaeDischarge waters are used.
small scale pilot plantmade up of photobioreactors and open pools isoperating.
In 2008 a pilot plantwas built extendedover one hectare
Why Gela?�Good levels of irradiation (latitude 37°)�Availability of concentrated CO2 (refiningplants)�Availability of water (N-rich industrial water and sea water)�Availability of exposed areas�Low cost thermal energy
IEA BIOENERGY, Task 42 Biorefinery, 6th Task Meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, 15/17 September 2009
CR Trisaia
Thanks for attention
Dr. Isabella DE BARIENEA: Renewable Energy Division
isabella.debari@enea.itTel +39 835-974313
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