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IDENTIFYING MARKET
SEGMENTSAND TARGETS
CHAPTER
Segmentation
Market Segments –groups of people who think differently from the whole, but the same as each other
Product Differentiation
Market Segmentation – results in …
Soda? …
Market-product grid showing how different Reebok shoes reach customer groups with different needs
When to Segment Markets
• Future?-Build-to-Order (BTO) -runs of 1, not 1001, like Dell Computers
• Mass produced goods homogenized need but were cheap
• Mass customization is now cheap & encourages choice,so companies segment by that choice
When the expected gain in sales is largerthan the expense of the process
Ann Taylor & Ann Taylor Loft What is the danger of a two-segment strategy?
If danger is small, segmenting begins
Group Buyers into Segments
• Potential for Increased Profit
Criteria to Use in Forming the Segments
• Similarity of Needs of Buyers within a Segment
• Simplicity and Cost of Assigning Buyers to Segments
• Difference of Needs of Buyers Among Segments
• Potential of a Marketing Action to Reach a Segment
SubstantialitySubstantialitySubstantialitySubstantiality
IdentifiabilityIdentifiabilityMeasurabilityMeasurabilityIdentifiabilityIdentifiabilityMeasurabilityMeasurability
AccessibilityAccessibilityAccessibilityAccessibility
ResponsivenessResponsivenessResponsivenessResponsiveness
Segment must be large enough to warrant a special
marketing mix.
Segment must be large enough to warrant a special
marketing mix.
Segments must be identifiable and their size measurable.
Segments must be identifiable and their size measurable.
Members of targeted segments must be reachable with
marketing mix.
Members of targeted segments must be reachable with
marketing mix.Unless segment responds to a marketing mix differently, no separate treatment is needed.
Unless segment responds to a marketing mix differently, no separate treatment is needed.
Criteria for Segmentation
Segmentation Variables: Customer Characteristics
Geographic-Location
1) Region of he world2) Market size3) Market density4) Climate
Demographic-Household
1) Age & Gender2) Income3) Ethnic Background4) Family Life Cycle
Psychographic- Lifestyles
1) How time is spent2) Values and Beliefs3) Spending habits4) Education
FIGURE 9-B FIGURE 9-B Segmentation variables and breakdowns for U.S. consumer markets
Segmentation Variables: Usage
80/20 Rule
Usage Rate
The 80/20 rule is a concept that suggests 80%
of a firm’s sales are obtained from 20 %
of its customers.
Usage rate is the quantity consumed or patronage (store visits) during a specific period of time.
Comparison of users and nonusers for Wendy’s,Burger King, and McDonald’s
Ways to Segment Organizational Markets
• Customer Characteristics
Geographic: Statistical Area
Demographic: NAICS Code
Demographic: Number of Employees
Benefits Sought: Product Features
Chart Products to be Sold & Estimate of the size of the market
Selecting a target market for Wendy’s near a city university
?
Criteria used to Select the Target Market
• Market Size
• Expected Growth
• Cost of Reaching Segment
• Compatibility with the Organization’s Objectives and Resources
• Competitive Position
Wendy’s How can Wendy’s target different market
segments with different advertising programs?
FIGURE 9-6 FIGURE 9-6 Advertising actions to reach specific student segments
Market-Product Strategies
Benefits & drawbacks of a co’s market-product strategies
POSITIONING THE PRODUCT
• Product Positioning- Using Perceptual Maps
Identify Important Attributes for a Product Class
Judgments of Existing Brands on These Important Attributes
Ratings of an “Ideal” Brand’s Attributes
Perceptual Map
Product Positioning using Perceptual Maps
Market Segmentation
Market segmentation involves aggregating prospective buyers into groups that (1) have common needs and (2) will respond similarly to a marketing action.
Market segmentation involves aggregating prospective buyers into groups that (1) have common needs and (2) will respond similarly to a marketing action.
Market Segments
Market segments are the relatively homogeneous groups of prospective buyers that result from the market segmentation process.
Market segments are the relatively homogeneous groups of prospective buyers that result from the market segmentation process.
Product Differentiation
Product differentiation is a strategy that involves a firm’s using different marketing mix activities to help consumers perceive the product as being different and better than competing products.
Product differentiation is a strategy that involves a firm’s using different marketing mix activities to help consumers perceive the product as being different and better than competing products.
Market-Product Grid
A market-product grid is a framework to relate the market segments of potential buyers to products offered or potential marketing actions by the firm.
A market-product grid is a framework to relate the market segments of potential buyers to products offered or potential marketing actions by the firm.
Usage Rate
Usage rate is the quantity consumed or patronage (store visits) during a specific period of time.
Usage rate is the quantity consumed or patronage (store visits) during a specific period of time.
80/20 Rule
The 80/20 rule is a concept that suggests 80 percent of a firm’s sales are obtained from 20 percent of its customers.
The 80/20 rule is a concept that suggests 80 percent of a firm’s sales are obtained from 20 percent of its customers.
Product Positioning
Product positioning refers to the place an offering occupies in consumers’ minds on important attributes relative to competitive products.
Product positioning refers to the place an offering occupies in consumers’ minds on important attributes relative to competitive products.
Perceptual Map
A perceptual map is a means of displaying or graphing in two dimensions the location of products or brands in the minds of consumers to enable a manager to see how consumers perceive competing products or brands relative to its own and then take marketing actions.
A perceptual map is a means of displaying or graphing in two dimensions the location of products or brands in the minds of consumers to enable a manager to see how consumers perceive competing products or brands relative to its own and then take marketing actions.
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