IBV Biomechanic Presentation - hohokus.org

Independent Study Biomechanical effects of synthetic turf and infill materials

David Rosa- Study TechnicianArea I + D

For further information visit www.ibv.com

This test was sponsored by Limonta Sport

BIOMECHANIC ASPECTS OF THE TURF

History of The Artificial Grass

Artificial grass was developed in the 60’s as a substitute for natural grass with the objective of solving maintenance problems, especially in covered facilities

In 1966 the first artificial turf was installed in the Astrodome of Houston(Texas) for the football league, and in 1971 artificial turf was installed in Caledonian Park (U.K.)

History Of Artificial Grass

First generation of synthetic grass with stuffed sand and rubber

FIFA publishes the first “Quality Concept” for synthetic grass

IFBA(InternationalFootball Association Board) includes synthetic grass like game surface

FIFA publishes “Quality Concept” (FQC) for syntheticgrass,**=UEFA

1997 1998 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

UEFA syntheticgrass studies begin

UEFA publishes a manual for synthetic grass

UEFA accepts synthetic grass for the officialcompetitions 2005/2006

FIFA & UEFA unify criteria

Disagreement FIFA-UEFA: Installations should be tried under two different criteria's based on the type of competition

Agreement FIFA-UEFA. FIFA is in charge of homologations and generation of test equipments. UEFA is in charge of the medical panels and biomechanic studies that allow to generate criteria

Function of the ground in the sportactivity

Technical Function:-Property of the layers support: drainage, planimetry and lifting capability -Irrigation Systems-Durability of the fiber-Maintenance necessities Sport Function:-Absorption of impacts: Reduction of force anddeformation

-Stability in the footstep -Traction

Biomechanic Aspects

Sport Function: Absorption of Impacts

Def: Is the capability that the ground has to protect the bodyfrom impacts

-Eliminate high frequencies-Reduce strength

Without cushioning

cushioning

Sport Impact: Absorption of Impacts

What occurs when an impact takes place?

The impact is transmitted through the body

like a vibration that cant be controlled by the

muscles or tendons

Causes problems :

-Discomfort , pain in knee and back

1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Tiempo (s)

Ace

lera

cion

(m

/s2)

(Time)

(Acceleration)

Levels of Impact in different sports

0 5 10 15

Carrera

Velocidad con clavos

Salto de Longitud

Triple Salto

Salto de Altura

Aterrizaje Gimnasia

Baloncesto

x peso corporal

Mod

alid

ades

dep

ortiv

asSport Function: Absorption of Impacts

Translation:Baloncesto(Basketball) Aterrizaje Gimnasia(Gymnastics) Salto de altura(High jump) Triple Salto(Triple jump) Salto de longitud(Long jump) Velocidad con clavos(Speed with nails) Carrera(Race)

SPORT

MODALITIES

(Corporal Weight)

Sport Function: Absorption ofImpacts

FIFA regulation. Damping and Deformation of Artificial Grass

Damping DeformationFIFA *55-70% FIFA*4-9mmFIFA**60-70% FIFA**4-8mm

Sport Function: StabilityImportance

Instability can cause movements you will articulate unexpected producing injuries, mainly on the ankle

It also relates with discomfort & fatigue like in sand sports

Stability Studies

Tests with studiesStudies with soles: measuringthe soles distribution of pressures

Stability: Grass Study

Result from the measurement of sole pressure

Patrón de presiones plantares

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

TLE TLC TLI PLME PLMC C5MT C1MT MTM RDD PRDD

Zonas del pie

Pres

ione

s (k

Pa)

PROFESIONALESAFICIONADOS

(Sole pressures )

(Zones of the foot)

(Pressures)

The Study

Material & Methods: Biomechanic Study

Definition of Gestures:

Gesture 1: Race at slow speed or trote

Gesture 2: Jump

5 repetitions of each subject -5 test subjects

Fotocélulas

3 m 6 m

0.35 m

Methods & Materials: BiomechanicStudy

Identification of Synthetic Grass

SyntheticGrass Type

ElasticLayer(MM)

PileHeight(MM)

Sand(KG) InfillType Infill weight(KG/Meter)

1 --------- 60 18 SBR 14

2 25 45 4,5 GEO 9

3 25 45 20 SBR 8

Results: Biomechanic Study

Damping of Impacts-Acceleration in head

-Maximum angle support-Maximum flight angle Stability

Maximum pressure per sections of the foot

Results

Results.Biomechanic Study

Accelerations in the tibia bone. Slow Race.

(Estimated Marginal Measures of the tibia bone) (Synthetic Grass)

(Estimated Marginal Averages)

(Subject)

Results.Biomechanic Study

Acceleration in the head. Slow race.

( Estimated Marginal Measures of the head)

(Subject)

(Estimated Marginal Averages)

(Synthetic Grass)

Results. Biomechanic Study

Angle of support. Slow race.

(Estimated Marginal measures of maximum angle of support)

(Subject)

(Synthetic Grass)

(Estimated Marginal Measures)

Results. Biomechanic Study

Angle of support. Slow race.

(Estimated Marginal Measures of maximum angle of speed) (Synthetic Grass)

(Subject)

(Estimated Marginal Measures)

Result: Biomechanic Study

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

1 2 3Pavimento

Ace

l. tib

ia (g

)

Acceleration in jump

(Synthetic Grass)

(Acceleration inTibia bone)

Results: Biomechanic Study

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 2 3

Pavimento

Ace

l. ca

beza

(º)

Acceleration in the head-Jump

(Synthetic Grass)

(Acceleration in the head)

Result: Biomechanic Study

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

1 2 3Pavimento

Áng

ulo

máx

imo

(º

Angle of the knee during the support-Jump

(Synthetic Grass)

(Maximum Angle)

Result: Biomechanic Study

StabilityDistributionof foot pressure

(Zones of the foot)

(Sole Pressures)

(Synthetic Grass 1,2,3)

Results: Biomechanic Study

Pav-1

Pav-2

Pav-3

StabilityDistribution of foot pressure

(Zones of the foot)

(Sole Pressures)

(Synthetic Grass 1,2,3)

Conclusion

Conclusion: BiomechanicStudy

Synthetic Grass filled with GEO provoke less accelerations then synthetic grass filled with elastic cover and other fillings

Less levels of impact are seen in the phase of support in the knee of the athletes

Conclusion: BiomechanicStudy

The jump studies, haven't generated any change in the behavior of the synthetic grass

That’s why we can conclude that in a slow race, synthetic grass with elastic layer are provoking levels of impact

Conclusion: Biomechanic Study

The distribution of sole pressure lets us verify that in slow races synthetic grass provokes less pressure is number 3 (synthetic grass with elastic layer and filling SBR)

For the jump, the distribution of sole pressure lets us verify how provoked pressures in the sole are less for synthetic grass 2( synthetic grass with elastic layer and filling GEO).

Study Concluded

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