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The Cyberspace BattlefieldIan Jackson
History Lesson1833 – Charles Babbage develops Difference Engine 1890 – Herman Hollerith develops Tabulating System
Used in 1900 U.S. census1896 – Hollerith establishes Tabulating Machine Co.
Becomes IBM in 1924 1944 – Howard Aiken and IBM develop Mark 1
Fully automatic, multi-purpose, electromechanical calculator 1957 – Russians launch Sputnik 1965 – First computers are connected via phone lines1969 – ARPANet is made (predecessor of the Internet)
First multi-site computer network1975 – First Personal Computer is released to public1978 – First public bulletin board goes live
History Lesson pt. 21991 – CERN develops WWW (World Wide Web)1993 – U.S. and U.N. join the Internet1994 – Malls, banks, radio stations, and others start moving
services online1995 – Germany has CompuServe block over 200
newsgroups that allow German citizens to have access to illegal material
1996-2000 – U.S. passes several laws blocking access to certain material Blocking of child porn, “inappropriate” material, and
preventing copyright infringement2003-2005 – Websites Facebook, Myspace, and YouTube
are launched2011 – SOPA and PIPA are introduced to Senate
Shot down in 2012
Who’s using the Internet?
Digital Nation - Expanding Internet Usage (NTIA Research Preview) | NTIA. (n.d.). Home Page | NTIA. Retrieved September 29, 2012, fromhttp://www.ntia.doc.gov/report/2011/digital-nation- expanding-internet-usa-gentia-research-preview
Who’s using the Internet?
Digital Nation - Expanding Internet Usage (NTIA Research Preview) | NTIA. (n.d.). Home Page | NTIA. Retrieved September 29, 2012, fromhttp://www.ntia.doc.gov/report/2011/digital-nation- expanding-internet-usa-gentia-research-preview
So what are the issues?Censorship
Copyright Infringement
& Piracy
Current Censorship Laws Communications Decency Act (CDA)
Part of Telecommunications Act of 1996Prevent indecent material access to minorsStruck down by Supreme Court in June 1997
Child Online Protection Act (COPA) Restrict access to minors on sites showing sexual activities or
nudity Eventually law was killed in 2009
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) Criminalizes creation and spreading of technology used to get
around copyright managementChildren’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
Lays out procedures for websites to allow access to those 13 and under
Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) Installation of internet filters in public schools and libraries
Proposed Laws Deleting Online Predators Act (2006)Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset
Act (2010)Stop Online Piracy Act (2011) Protect Intellectual Property Act (2011)Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection
Act (2011)
The Need for Regulatory Laws
Siwek, S. E.. The True Cost of Sound Recording Piracy to the U.S. Economy >IPI Issues >Institute for Policy Innovation. Institute for Policy Innovation. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from http://www.ipi.org/ipi_issues/detail/the-true-cost-of-sound-recording-piracy_to-the-us-economy
The Need for Regulatory Laws
ATG - Video Copyright. (n.d.). ATG - Homepage. Retrieved October 7, 2012, fromhttp://austg.com/products/video_copyright/index.html
Regulation Supporters SOPA Supporters
SonyTime WarnerESPN
Nguyen, D. (n.d.). SOPA Opera: Where do your members of Congress stand on SOPA andPIPA?. Pro Publica. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from http://projects.propublica.org/sopa/
FIRST AMENDMENT“Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances”
Steps to a Successful Regulation
Public Participation
Review
ISP Cooperation
Transparency
References ATG - Video Copyright. (n.d.). ATG - Homepage. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from
http://austg.com/products/video_copyright/index.html Biddle, S. (n.d.). All the Companies Supporting SOPA, the Awful Internet Censorship
Law—and How to Contact Them. Gizmodo, the Gadget Guide. Retrieved October 16, 2012, from http://gizmodo.com/5870241/presented-without-comment-every-single-company- supporting-sopa-the-awful-internet-censorship-law
Foerstel, Herbert N.. Banned in the media: a reference guide to censorship in the press, motion pictures, broadcasting, and the Internet. Westport,
Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1998. Print. Moschovitis, C., Poole, H., Schuyler, T., & Senft, T. (1999). History of the Internet:
Achronology, 1843 to the Present. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Siwek, S. E. (n.d.). The True Cost of Sound Recording Piracy to the U.S. Economy
>IPI Issues >Institute for Policy Innovation. Institute for Policy Innovation. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from http://www.ipi.org/ipi_issues/detail/the-true-cost-of-sound-recording-piracy to-the- us-economy
Internet censorship in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 22, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_States#Federal_laws
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