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8/6/2019 Human Reproductive Technologies
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Human Reproductive
Technologies
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Cases for Using Reproductive
Technologies
Fertile woman and infertile who want tohave children.
A fertile man and an infertile woman.A fertile woman who cannot carry a child
to term
A woman who is fertile, can carry a childbut sees pregnancy as being ahumbug.
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Same sex couples wanting to have
children.
An infertile couple wishing to have
children.
A single woman or man who wants to
have children but does not want thecommitment of marriage.
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Artificial Insemination
Artificial insemination, also referred to
as intrauterine insemination, is used,
for the most part, to combat malefactor infertility.
It has been in use since the late
eighteenth century and was primarilyused in animals.
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AIH
This is artificial insemination using the
sperm of the husband.
This method of insemination is used:
In cases where the husband is fertile but
because of some physical or
psychological reason he cannot havenormal sexual relations.
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In cases where the husband has a low
sperm count.
In cases where a husband may beplanning to have a vasectomy or may
need to have prostate surgery but still
wants to hold out the desire to have
additional children.
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Objections toAIH
The question of masturbation; some
see masturbation as being immoraland as such should not be done under
any circumstance.
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The question of tampering with the
natural order of procreation
The issue of divorcing the sexual act
from procreation; if the purpose of the
sex act is procreation, then, to have
procreation without sex does violenceto the unity of the two.
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Arguments For:
Masturbation is not necessarily
immoral.
When the natural law theory is taken toits logical conclusion it excludes a
number of things which we as human
beings do on a daily basis.
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It allows couples who otherwise would
not have had children the opportunity
to do so. It is a means of fulfilling the biblical
mandate to be fruitful and multiply.
The fact that something is not naturaldoes not necessarily make it immoral.
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DI Donor Insemination
This method of artificial insemination is usedwhen:
The husband is has become sterile.
The husband may be carrying a genetic diseaseand does not want to risk passing it to a child.
The husband is Rh positive and the wife is Rhnegative and there are concerns over theresults for the baby.
A single woman wants to have children.
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ArgumentsAgainst:
The child may be psychologically affected as
a result of knowing that he/she does not look
like his/her father. The husbands masculinity may be affected
as a result of knowing that he is unable to
father a child.
The wife may think less of her husbandbecause he could not have fulfilled her
desire to have a child fathered by him.
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There is the real possibility that the child maybecome alienated from the father since heis not the real father.
Later on in life, the child may lose respect forthe father as a result of knowing that his/herfather is not really his/her father.
There is the real possibility that a child can
get married to someone who is his/herbrother/sister as a result of not knowing whohis/her father is.
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It raises the specter of eugenics; or
selective breeding among human
beings. Since the sperm used to fertilize the
egg comes from someone other than
the husband, then some see this asbeing equal to adultery.
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Arguments For:
It allows for couples who are
experiencing male factor infertility to
experience the joys of pregnancy andparenting.
Since the donor can be anonymous,
then it takes away the idea of it beingpsychologically damaging to the
husband.
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AID should not be considered as beingadultery since no sexual intercourse tookplace.
AID does not involve any form of emotionalcommitment to someone other than thehusband.
Since in an ideal situation both spouses
decided to commit to the process, then theentire process can be seen as being sharedby both parties.
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OtherConcerns:
Knowing the identity of the sperm donor:
The donor and obligations to his
biological offspring. Information regarding the limitations and
possible complications involved.
The number of children that can comefrom one donor.
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The question of elitism and eugenics;
there is an ongoing debate as to whether
or not the stipulations some labs placeon possible donors is equivalent to
eugenics.
The issue of the motives of the donor.
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GIFT
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer:
Three main reasons forGIFT:
Sperm dysfunction Infertility of unknown origin Religious individuals who prefer it over IVF on
an ethical basis.
In GIFT the egg and sperm are placed
together in the fallopian tubes
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EggDonation
This is used when the woman cannot
produce eggs or healthy eggs.
She may be:
Past the time of producing eggs
Carrying a genetic defect
Her reproductive organs may have beendamaged or she may have been born
without them
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In Vitro Fertilization
Objections:
The issue of multiple embryos;
The issue of freezing embryos;
It is expensive and the success rate is low.
In cases of divorce or death of the parties
involved it may become difficult todetermine who gets ownership of the
embryo.
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Arguments for:
Discarding a fertilized egg is the same
as a miscarriage. It allows infertile couples the
opportunity to have children.
IVF is a safe method of conceiving achild and it reduces the risk ofproducing a defective child.
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