View
230
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
MotivationMotivation
Is an internal or external stimulus that Is an internal or external stimulus that arouses enthusiasm and persistence in arouses enthusiasm and persistence in
pursuit of a certain course of action or goal.pursuit of a certain course of action or goal.
Is an internal or external stimulus that Is an internal or external stimulus that arouses enthusiasm and persistence in arouses enthusiasm and persistence in
pursuit of a certain course of action or goal.pursuit of a certain course of action or goal.
Human RelationsHuman Relations
Would you go get a dollar?Would you go get a dollar?
There is a dollar bill under There is a dollar bill under someone’s chair in this room.someone’s chair in this room.
There is a dollar bill under There is a dollar bill under someone’s chair in this room.someone’s chair in this room.
Human RelationsHuman Relations
Would you go get a dollar?Would you go get a dollar?
If right now it was under a rock at If right now it was under a rock at the top of Mt. Rainier?the top of Mt. Rainier?
How about if it was inserted in the How about if it was inserted in the book book Contemporary AlgebraContemporary Algebra in the in the
school library?school library?
If right now it was under a rock at If right now it was under a rock at the top of Mt. Rainier?the top of Mt. Rainier?
How about if it was inserted in the How about if it was inserted in the book book Contemporary AlgebraContemporary Algebra in the in the
school library?school library?
Human RelationsHuman Relations
Would you go get a million dollars?Would you go get a million dollars?
If right now it was under a rock at If right now it was under a rock at the top of Mt. Rainier?the top of Mt. Rainier?
If right now it was under a rock at If right now it was under a rock at the top of Mt. Rainier?the top of Mt. Rainier?
Human RelationsHuman Relations
NeedNeed
Human RelationsHuman Relations
A Model of MotivationA Model of Motivation
TensionTension
ActionAction
ReliefRelief
Another Model of MotivationAnother Model of Motivation
NEED-Creates desire to fulfill need.
BEHAVIOR-Taking action to fulfill needs.
REWARDS-Satisfy needs.
FEEDBACK-Reward informs person whether behavior was appropriate and should be used again. (Was it worth it to go to the top of Mt. Rainier for a dollar?)
Human RelationsHuman Relations
Wants and NeedsWants and Needs
A “want” is a wish for.A “want” is a wish for.
A “need” is more urgent.A “need” is more urgent.
A “want” is a wish for.A “want” is a wish for.
A “need” is more urgent.A “need” is more urgent.
Human RelationsHuman Relations
NeedsNeeds
Primary NeedPrimary Need
– – basic needs required for life.basic needs required for life.Secondary NeedSecondary Need
---- psychological; unique. psychological; unique.
Primary NeedPrimary Need
– – basic needs required for life.basic needs required for life.Secondary NeedSecondary Need
---- psychological; unique. psychological; unique.
Human RelationsHuman Relations
Wants and NeedsWants and Needs
Does a “want” ever Does a “want” ever become a “need”?become a “need”?Does a “want” ever Does a “want” ever become a “need”?become a “need”?
Human RelationsHuman Relations
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Physiological Needsmost basic human physical needs
Safety/Security Needssafe and secure physical and emotional environment
Social Needsdesire to be accepted by one’s peers
Esteem Needsdesire for a positive self-
imageand to receive attention
Self-ActualizationNeeds
represent the need forself-fulfillment
Herzberg’s Two-Factor TheoryHerzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Area of Satisfaction
Area of Dissatisfaction
Motivators influence level of satisfaction.
Hygiene factors influence levelof dissatisfaction.
Motivators
HygieneFactors
AchievementRecognitionResponsibilityWork itselfPersonal growth
Working conditionsPay and securityCompany policiesSupervisorsInterpersonal relationships
Acquired Needs TheoryAcquired Needs Theory
Need for Achievementdesire to accomplish something difficult, master
complex tasks, and surpass others
Need for Affiliationdesire to form close personal
relationships, avoid conflict, andestablish warm friendships
Need forPower
desire to influenceor control others
Process TheoryProcess Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theorymotivation depends on individuals’ expectations about
their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards.
concerned not with identifying types of needs but with the thinking process that individuals use to achieve rewards.
based on the effort, performance, and desirability of outcomes.
Vroom’s Expectancy Theorymotivation depends on individuals’ expectations about
their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards.
concerned not with identifying types of needs but with the thinking process that individuals use to achieve rewards.
based on the effort, performance, and desirability of outcomes.
A group of theories that explain how people select behaviors with which to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful.
New Methods of MotivationNew Methods of Motivation
• Unconventional and cost-effective rewardsUnconventional and cost-effective rewards• TechnologyTechnology• FlexibilityFlexibility• TrainingTraining• Attention and recognitionAttention and recognition
Human RelationsHuman Relations
Basic Motivation ModelBasic Motivation Model
Need
Frustration
PositiveBehavior
NegativeBehavior
NonfulfillmentFulfillment
Application of Motivation Application of Motivation TheoriesTheories
• Consider alternative ways to fulfill Consider alternative ways to fulfill needs and wants.needs and wants.
• Avoid negative behaviors that can Avoid negative behaviors that can limit future opportunities.limit future opportunities.
• Consider which behaviors might Consider which behaviors might benefit you in the long run.benefit you in the long run.
Motivational Source FieldsMotivational Source Fields
Outside Forces
Inside Forces
Early Forces
HIGH
SOURCES OF FOLLOWER SOURCES OF FOLLOWER MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION
DEGREE OF POSSIBLEDEGREE OF POSSIBLELEADER INFLUENCELEADER INFLUENCE
MEDIUM
LOW
• Sell; don’t tell.Sell; don’t tell.• Let your followers make their own decisions.Let your followers make their own decisions.• Delegate; don’t dump.Delegate; don’t dump.• Set goals with your followers.Set goals with your followers.• Listen to your followers and let them know you are Listen to your followers and let them know you are
listening.listening.• Follow through.Follow through.• Don’t change course midstream.Don’t change course midstream.• Build in a monitoring system.Build in a monitoring system.• Give criticism gracefully.Give criticism gracefully.• Have a plan for employees’ future.Have a plan for employees’ future.• Avoid hasty judgments about work style.Avoid hasty judgments about work style.• Use rewards and incentives.Use rewards and incentives.• Encourage camaraderie and friendship.Encourage camaraderie and friendship.
Methods for Enhancing MotivationMethods for Enhancing Motivation
Motivating GenerationsMotivating Generations
• TraditionalistsTraditionalists• Baby boomersBaby boomers• Generation XGeneration X• Generation YGeneration Y
Human RelationsHuman Relations
New Methods for Motivating New Methods for Motivating WorkersWorkers
• Education and trainingEducation and training• Job enrichment and job expansionJob enrichment and job expansion• Choices, freedom, and flexibilityChoices, freedom, and flexibility• Encouragement and praiseEncouragement and praise• Leisure timeLeisure time
From our friends?From Parents?Teachers?Bosses?Employees?
From our friends?From Parents?Teachers?Bosses?Employees?
Human RelationsHuman Relations
How can we use Motivation Theory How can we use Motivation Theory to get what we want?to get what we want?
Catch people “doing something right”The One Minute Praising (Waytogo!)Peer Recognition (High five program)EmpowermentParticipatory ManagementTeam building
Catch people “doing something right”The One Minute Praising (Waytogo!)Peer Recognition (High five program)EmpowermentParticipatory ManagementTeam building
Human RelationsHuman RelationsMore thoughts on Motivation More thoughts on Motivation
in Businessin Business
Recommended