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ART NOUVEAU

OUTLINE

• Birth of Art Nouveau• Introduction: Art Nouveau-Time & Place-Hallmarks of Art Nouveau Styles-Other names for Art Nouveau-Critical Nicknames

• Art Nouveau Architecture-Features-Pierre Francastel-Stephan Tschudi Madsen

-Art Nouveau Architects and their Works

• Beginning of Art Deco• References

BIRTH OF ART NOUVEAU

The last third of the 19th century saw the development of a fundamentally approach to architecture and interior

design. All over Europe there was a need for liberating change of direction, a desire to break away from set formulas based on pastiche of historical styles and a search for original ideas, all of which

resulted at the beginning of the 1890s in the birth of Art Nouveau.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Art Nouveau (French for "New Style") was popularized by the famous Maison de l'Art Nouveau (House of New Art), a Paris art gallery operated by Siegfried Bing.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Art Nouveau represents the beginning of modernism in design (Modern Architecture). It occurred at a time when mass-produced consumer goods began to fill the marketplace, and designers, architects, and artists began to understand that the handcrafted work of centuries past could be lost. While reclaiming this craft tradition, art nouveau designers simultaneously rejected traditional styles in favor of new, organic forms that emphasized humanity's connection to nature. 

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

TIME & PLACE

Art Nouveau art and architecture flourished in major European cities between 1890 and 1914.  

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

It embraced all forms of art and design:

• architecture• furniture• glassware• graphic design• jewelry• painting• pottery• metalwork• textile

This was a sharp contrast to the traditional separation of art intothe distinct categories of fine art (painting and sculpture) andapplied arts (ceramics,furniture, and other practical objects).

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

HALLMARKS OF ART NOUVEAU STYLE

• flat, decorative patterns; • intertwined organic forms such as

stems or flowers; • an emphasis on handcrafting as

opposed to machine manufacturing;

• the use of new materials; • and the rejection of earlier styles

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Other names for Art Nouveau:

As it moved through Europe, Art Nouveauwent through several phases and took on avariety of names.

• Nieuwe Kunst In Netherland• Jugendstil in Germany • Arte Joven, in Spain • Secession, in Austria • Stile Liberty, in Italy

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

CRITICAL NICKNAMES

From its earliest appearance, the ArtNouveau was also dubbed with a host ofcritical nicknames such as:

• Eel style• Noodle style• Mutton bone style• Dandy style

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTUREFEATURES

Art Nouveau buildings have many of thesefeatures:

• Asymmetrical shapes • Extensive use of arches and curved forms • Curved glass • Curving, plant-like embellishments • Mosaics • Stained glass • Japanese motifs

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Pierre Francastel divides Art Nouveauinto two main tendencies that couldbroadly termed the

organic and the

rationalist

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Rationalist:

Mackintosh school Glasglow, Scotland1897-1909-dependent on the straight line

Organic:

Gaudi houseBarcelona, Spain1903-gives precedence to the curved line and floral shapes

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Stephan Tschudi Madsen(Art Historian)

proposed a more subtle classification, but still relies on an assumed antagonism between four designs

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

In his book Sources of Art Nouveau, he describes for styles:2. A floral approach focuding on organic plant forms(Galle, Majorelle, Vallin)

1. An abstract, structural style with a strong symbolic and dynamic tendency (France & Belgium)

(Horta, Guimard, Van de Velde)

Aquarium PavillionHenry Van de Velde’s house

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

4. A structured, geometric style (Austria & Germany)

(Wagner, Olbrich, Hoffmann, Loos)

3. The linear, flat approach, with a heavy symbolic element

(Glasglow group, Mackintosh)

Majolikahaus in Vienna by Otto Wagner

Glasgow School of Artby Charles Rennie Mackintosh

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTS

AND THEIR WORKS

Victor Horta (Belgian architect and designer)(January 6, 1861 - September 8 1947)

Hotel TasselBrussels, BelgiumConstruction started 1893Completed 1894 (1st Art Nouveau Building in the World)

Stairway of Tassel House, Brussels

Hôtel vanEetveldeBrussels, BelgiumConstruction started 1898Completed 1900

Hôtel van Eetvelde office : fireplace

HôtelSolvayBrussels, BelgiumConstruction started 1898Completed 1900

HortaMuseumformerly known as

Maison & Atelier Horta

Brussels, BelgiumConstruction started 1898Completed 1900

HectorGuimard(French architect)(Lyon, March 10, 1867 – New York,May 20, 1942)

CastelBeranger

Paris, France1890 circa

Building Typemulti-familty housing, apartment building

Construction System

bearing masonry, brick, cast iron

Climate temperate

Context urbanNotes Graceful

asymmetrical wrought iron entry gate, precedent to work of contemporary American blacksmith Albert Paley.

Details ofCastel Beranger

ParisMetroEntrancesParis, France1899 to 1905

Building Type light rail rapid transit stations

ConstructionSystem iron and glass

Climate temperate

Context urbanNotes Graceful organic

forms.

HotelGuimardParis, France1912

Building Type private residence hotel

Construction System cut stone bearing masonry

Climate temperate

Context urbanNotes Elegant facade with

organic detailing.

Louis Sullivan

(American architect)(September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)

"father of skyscrapers“"father of modernism“

one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture"

WainwrightBuildingMissouri, USA 1890 to 1891

Height: 44.81 meters / 147 feet

Stories: 10

CharlesRennie

Mackintosh (British Architect, Interior Designer)

TheLightHouseGlasglow, ScotlandCompleted in 1895

AntonioGaudi (Architect, Barcelona)

Gaudi was a Spanish (Catalan) Architect who created complex

buildings in that the architecture was considered sculptural as well.

His buildings are considered biomorphic, or organically-shaped.

This is possibly a rejection to the coldness that a machine-produced

geometric object would create

Casa Milà Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain1905-1907

Casa BattloBarcelona, Spain1905-1907

La Sagrada Familia(The Holy Family)

Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain1882-2026

Parque GüellBarcelona, Spain1900 to 1914

Parque Güell, or Guell Park is surrounded

by an undulating mosaic wall.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

• When Art Nouveau fell out of fashion in the 1920s and 1930s, it was replaced by the clean, simple geometries of Art Deco.

• The extravagant curves of Art Nouveau were seen as old-fashioned and viewed with contempt.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

• Many Art Nouveau products were put away, spurned, or destroyed.

• Rooms once decorated in what had been the height of fashion were redecorated to conform to the latest taste.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

• It was not until nearly half a century later, in 1952, the first comprehensive exhibition devoted to Art Nouveau was organized in Zurich, Switzerland.

• Present day interest in Art Nouveau, and in particular its widespread appreciation within the last thirty years, has once again firmly established it as an important art movement.

REFERENCES• http://www.docstoc.com/docs/79051493/Art-Nouveau-%28PowerPoint%29• http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Hector_Guimard.html• http://architecture.about.com/od/artnouveau/g/artnouveau.htm• http://www.mr-oscar-wilde.de/lifetime/art_nouveau.htm#Sullivan• http://architecture.about.com/od/greatbuildings/ig/Antoni-Gaud-/Guell-Park.htm• KEIICHI TAHARA

Art Nouveau Architecture Philippine Thiebaut Bruno Girveau©2000 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London• ALASTAIR DUNCAN

Art Nouveau (170 illustrations, 32 in colour)©1994 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London

• Art Nouveau (Spirit of the Belle Epoque) by Susan A. Sternau© 1996 Todri Production Limited• The Sources of Modern Architecture and Design by Nikolaus Pevsner©1968 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London