How to Use the SLR Camera Yr 11 Photography. How to Use the SLR Camera Aperture The size of the...

How to Use the SLR Camera

Yr 11 Photography

How to Use the SLR Camera

Aperture

• The size of the opening to the camera lense• Determines how much light reaches the lense• Measured in ‘f-stops’• The smaller the f-stop number the larger the

aperture• f-stop relates to the focal length (eg. 35 mm,

25mm – wide-angle lense, 80mm - telephoto)

Aperture – f-stops

f-stop = f/2.8

f-stop = f/4

f-stop = f/5.6

f-stop = f/8

f-stop = f/11

f-stop = f/16

f-stop = f/22

How to Use the SLR Camera

Shutter Speed

• Controls the amount of time light can reach the lense

• Measured in fractions of seconds eg. 1/60, 1/400, 1/1000 (action shots), 1/30 (long exposure such as night shots and motion effects)

• Like aperture a change either halves or doubles the amount of light reaching the camera

• E.g. Changing from 1/125 doubles amount of light reaching camera, changing to 1/250 halves it

How to Use the SLR Camera

Film speed (ISO)

• The ISO measures how fast light interacts with the film – the higher the number the faster

• ISO 400 is a medium “any lighting” film speed

• ISO 100 has a lower sensitivity to available light

• ISO 100 can be used in strong light conditions – it produces finer grain photos (like higher pixel in digital photography)

• Increasing ISO increases sensitivity to light (requires less well-lit subjects)

• ISO 800 is for low light conditions – photos are grainier, interesting effects can be produced by shooting well lit subjects on ISO 800 film

How to Use the SLR Camera

Combining Shutter speed, aperture and ISO

• Film speed, shutter speed and aperture are combined to produce photos with the correct ‘exposure’

• Increasing ISO requires increasing either shutter speed or aperture to let less light in

• Increasing aperture may require reducing shutter speed to prevent over-exposure

• Increasing shutter speed may require reducing aperture

How to Use the SLR Camera

Over- and under-exposure• Over-exposure – too much light

• Good exposure – correct light settings

• Under-exposed – not enough light

How to Use the SLR Camera

Depth of field

• Changing the aperture affects how much of a photo is in focus (relation to focal length)

• Higher apertures have more in focus (eg. landscape photo where everything is in focus to the horizon

• Lower apertures have one focal length in focus and the others out of focus – this is known as depth of field

• Depth of field requires altering other elements to ensure the correct exposure is still achieved

How to Use the SLR Camera

Bracketing

• Bracketing involves taking a photo at the correct light

• Taking another by halving the light (either increase shutter speed or decrease aperture)

• Taking another by doubling the light reaching the film (decrease shutter speed or increase aperture)

How to Use the SLR Camera

Settings for today

• Shutter speed = 1/60• Aperture = f/8 then f/4 then f/16 (bracketing)• ISO 400