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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
How Spatial Layout and Architecture Influence
Everyday Work of Theoretical Physicists– The Example of the mpipks –
Dipl.-Ing. Kerstin Sailer
Lehrstuhl Industriebau, TU Dresden
Young Scientists Jam Session, mpipks, Dresden, 10th of April 2007
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Overview
Introduction to the study
What is the everyday work of theoretical physicists?
Architecture and spatial layout – definitions
Influences of architecture and spatial layout on everyday work
Perception and atmosphere
Social network of knowledge sharing
Movement patterns and attractors
Conclusion
Bonus Track: how do people at the mpipks see their own organisation?
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Introduction to the study
PhD at TU Dresden: „The Spaces of the Learning Organisation. The Influence of Spatial Layout and Design on Knowledge-Intensive Work“
two case studies: university (London) and research organisation (Dresden)
mpipks studied in July 2006: open observation of space usage and organisational culture
observation of movement and activity patterns
short interviews with all staff of two departments (ELCO and FISY) plus independent research groups (=109 people)
in-depth interviews with 13 people on organisation, perception of spaces, likes, dislikes (covering all groups and roles)
social network questionnaire (83% return quota)
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Everyday work of theoretical physicists
short interviews: “What are your main activities?” (open question)
programming / computer simulations 69%
attending seminars 41%
reading 41%
group activities 41%
writing 40%
calculating 39%
discussing 39%
collaborating 39%
thinking, understanding 27%
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Everyday work of theoretical physicists
short interviews: “What are your main activities?” (open question)
writing (48%)
seminars (48%)
programming (48%)
discussing (44%)
calculating (44%)
organising (44%)
collaborating (40%)
supervising (40%)
reading (36%)
conferences (28%)
programming (69%)
collaborating (56%)
group meetings (47%)
seminars (47%)
writing (42%)
discussing (40%)
calculating (38%)
thinking (33%)
reading (31%)
developing ideas (22%)
programming (87%)
reading (60%)
group meetings (50%)
calculating (37%)
discussing (33%)
writing (30%)
seminars (27%)
thinking (27%)
analysing (23%)
presenting (20%)
professors / scientists / group leaders
postdocsPhD’s
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Everyday work of theoretical physicists
Why is it important for architects?
programming / computer simulations
attending seminars
reading
group activities
writing
calculating
discussing
collaborating
thinking, understanding
→ seminar rooms → movement, encounter→ large group spaces→ movement, encounter, staying
→ break out areas→ break out areas
→ movement, encounter, staying→ movement, encounter, staying
→ library, reading room → movement
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Architecture and spatial layout – definitions
architecture: design, materiality, form, building
spatial layout: space, configuration, i.e. “the way the parts are put together” (Hillier 1996)
(space syntax) immaterial / non-discursive
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences of architecture and spatial layout on everyday work
How do architecture (as material expression) and spatial layout (as underlying non-discursive and immaterial asset) influence the everyday work at the mpipks?
perception and atmosphere→ social network of knowledge sharing→ movement patterns and attractors
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: perception and atmosphere
“I love the generosity of the spaces. Every morning when I enter the building, I think ‘wow‘. The staircase, the big windows, all is very bright. It makes you communicate with the people in the wide spaces. You linger on your way to somewhere, you see that someone is coming that you wanted to talk to anyway and then you stop and start talking.”
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: perception and atmosphere
“The building offers a very open atmosphere, whether you can implement that in your scientific work or not is another issue, because you can easily get lost in the wings of the building, but generally it is great to work here.”
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: social network of knowledge sharing
short interviews: “Please name those five people with whom you would share knowledge and information most frequently.“
→ understand how and why people cluster→ which role does space play?
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences:
group affiliation
colour of nodes: group
average density: 0.026
1.0
0.28
0.16
0.36
0.06
0.5
0.42
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: group or departmental culture
colour of nodes: department
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: group or departmental culture
colour of nodes: department
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: group or departmental culture
colour of nodes: department
“Our group is definitely the one with the loosest structure, you know, I am by far the oldest in here and 25 years ago I clearly had a different group structure too. That‘s the way it is.“
Prof. Fulde
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: ethnicity
colour of nodes: ethnic origin
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: ethnicity – russian & eastern european
colour of nodes: ethnic origin
0.07
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: ethnicity – western
european and latinos
colour of nodes: ethnic origin
0.14
0.06
10
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: ethnicity – indian and asian
colour of nodes: ethnic origin
0.06
0.21
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences:ethnicity –arabic andmiddle east
colour of nodes: ethnic origin
0.33
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: space
colour of nodes: group
tie: office sharing
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
colour of nodes: group
shape: wing
Influences: space
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: space – wing 2B
colour of nodes: group
shape: wing
0.1
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
colour of nodes: group
shape: wing
Influences: space – wing 2A
0.023
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: social network of knowledge sharing
influencing factors on knowledge sharing network:
• group affiliation (E-I index: -0.519, i.e. 76% of links internal)
• work cultures of the group and department
• ethnic roots and common languages of individuals
• spatial proximity→ space is only one factor among many, seems to be one of the weaker influences→ space may still be very important to bring diverse groups together and broker between them (“The Strength of Weak Ties”, Granovetter, 1973)
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: movement patterns and attractors
How do people move through a building? How does a building influence the way people move? What guides movement of people?
“In urban systems configuration is the primary generator of pedestrian movement
patterns.”(Hillier/Penn/Hanson/Grajewski/Xu 1992: 31)
“The effects of spatial configuration are not on individuals, but on collections of
individuals and how they interrelate through space. All that is proposed, in effect,
is that a pattern of space in a complex can affect the pattern of co-presence and
co-awareness of collections of people who inhabit and visit that complex.“(Hillier 1996: 378f)→ spatial configuration versus daily needed and frequented facilities/attractors (printer,
photocopier, library, break out areas, canteen, coffee machine etc.)?
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: movement – floor plans
Situation / ground floor
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
1st floor
1A 1C
1B
1D
Influences: movement – floor plans
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
2nd floor
2A 2C
2B
2D
Influences: movement – floor plans
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: movement – Space Syntax methodology
A
B
A
axial line topology segment topology
B
C D
E
F
C
FED
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: movement – axial map
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
AngularAxial Topology
Segment Topology Metric
Influences: movement – axial and segment maps
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: movement – observed traces
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
axial topology metric distances
R2 = 0.159, p<0.0001 R2 = 0.424, p<0.0001
Influences: movement
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: movement
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
gates leading to attractors only are excluded
Influences: movement – floor plans
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Facilities usage of all study participants:
• which attractor? (entrance, exit, printer, photocopier, kitchen, coffee bar, meeting rooms, seminar rooms, seating areas, lunch etc.)
• how often is it frequented? (exact figures: daily, weekly, monthly)
All shortest geodesic paths from each individual to each attractor (Segmen)
attractor weight:apnn
FA =
Influences: movement – attractor model
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Pure attractor weight compared to pure metric integration
Influences: movement – attractor model
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
new measurement: attractor weight and metric integration combined into attractor integration:
MDA
AmeanMD
meanIntA
1)1(
)(
)1
(αα −+=
Influences: movement – attractor model
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
alpha curves mixing metric integration and attractor weight
Influences: movement – attractor weight
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Influences: movement patterns and attractors
movement flows in the mpipks follow the configuration of the building as well as the distributed attractors all over the building→ “potential field of probabilistic co-presence and encounter”
(Hillier/Burdett/Peponis/Penn 1989: 248)→ what is going on in the building partly determined by architects (spatial layout – configuration), partly by organisation (e.g. decision where to put printers), partly by individual people (e.g. choice of paths, usage patterns, frequency of getting a coffee, etc.)
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Conclusion
architecture and spatial layout provide and constitute a setting
may influence everyday work of theoretical physicists
works on various levels: perception and atmosphere
clustering of networks
movement and encounter
influence, direct and change behaviours through spatial suggestions
always possible to resist suggestions
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Bonus Track: How do people at the mpipks see their organisation?
Interviews: „If you could change three things here, what would that be?“
rules & procedures
no smoking inside (3)
stricter selection of scientists (2)
more organisational flexibility (2)
better knowledge management (1)
more support for partners (1)
people
more research discussions, exchange of ideas (3)
more permanent staff (1)
more interaction & social activities (1)
more engagement from all staff (1)
technical aspects
air condition (7)
better insulation of walls (2)
structure of space
more space (bigger offices) (3)
more private spaces for resear-chers, no over-occupancy (2)
more clustering of groups, shorter
ways (1)
design
get rid of open desks in 1D (1)
bigger windows in kitchen (1)
canteen
better food (5)
bigger, nicer space (2)
sports facilities
football ground or swimming pool (4)
faster computing (1)
ORGANISATIONARCHITECTUREFACILITIES
How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Bonus Track: How do people at the mpipks see their organisation?
Voices from the mpipks
“I am here for nearly X years now and every day I love coming to work.“
“When I see how everything works here, I am always a bit proud and enthusiastic.“
“I think that things are running very smoothly here, it’s a good place to be and the output is very good. But the good is not necessarily the best.”
„The most important thing is, this is a place with lots of visitors coming, so if you are staying here for one year, you can be sure of the numbers of smart, great scientists to come, like Nobel prize winners and so on. One year is enough to meet everyone because everyone wants to come here, so this is really a nice place.“
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How spatial layout and architecture influence everyday work of theoretical physicists Kerstin Sailer, April 2007
Comments? Feedback? Any questions?
ser@mailraum.de
Dipl.-Ing. Kerstin Sailer
Technische Universität Dresden
Lehrstuhl Industriebau
Helmholtz Straße 10
01069 Dresden
phone: +49 351 463 32211
fax: +49 351 463 33209
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