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How PROGRESSive was the PROGRESSIVE ERA???
November 5, 2015
How PROGRESSive was the PROGRESSIVE ERA???• Progressive Era was PROGRESSIVE for WHITES
– But…NOT MINORITIES (African, Native, Mexican, & Asian Americans)
– Progressives encouraged everyone to follow WHITE, MIDDLE CLASS Way of Life
• Americanization: attempt to have immigrants drop their culture & adopt “American way of life”– Food; English language; clothing; drop cultural
customs; ex: no drinking (European custom)1896: Plessy v. Ferguson • Separate but Equal is OKAYAfrican American PROGRESSIVES demand CHANGE1. Booker T. Washington: Move slowly toward racial
progress2. W.E.B. Dubois: Harvard Graduate who claimed that
African Americans should DEMAND change IMMEDIATELY
Niagara Movement: denounced the idea of GRADUAL progress
• Met in Canada because NY denied hotel stay for African Americans
• Led by Dubois• Claimed that African Americans need to learn more than
trade skills (need history, literature, philosophy, etc.)• In 1909 – becomes NAACP (National Assoc. for
Advancement of Colored People)
Teddy Roosevelt: Spanish American War and
his PresidencyNovember 6, 2014
1. TEDDY ROOSEVELT• GREW UP WEALTHY/ VERY SMART– HARVARD GRADUATE
• WIFE DIED (22 YRS OLD/ KIDNEY DISEASE)– MOVED WEST (LOVED THE WILDERNESS)
• MOVE BACK EAST/ ENTER POLITICS• FOUGHT CORRUPTION IN NYC POLICE DEPT.• SEC. OF NAVY
• 1895: SPANISH AMERICAN WAR BREAKS OUT– CUBA WAS A COLONY OF SPAIN– WAR WAS FOUGHT BETWEEN SPAIN & CUBA FOR
CUBA’S INDEPENDENCE• AMERICAN BATTLESHIP OFF COAST OF CUBA
– PROTECTING U.S. INVESTMENTS (HERSHEY)• 1898: U.S.S. MAINE EXPLODES
– 266 U.S. SAILORS DIE– U.S. BLAMES SPAIN– BUT…
• U.S. IN WAR FOR 5 MONTHS (APR. – AUG.)• ROOSEVELT FORMS THE ROUGH RIDERS
– VOLUNTEER MILITIA GROUP• AUG. 1898: SPAIN SURRENDERS
1. CUBA GETS INDEPENDENCE2. U.S. GETS PUERTO RICO, GUAM, & PHILLIPINES
• END OF WAR: ROOSEVELT ELECTED NY GOV.
ELECTION OF 1900• MCKINLEY WINS REELECTION (ROOSEVELT IS VP)• 1901: MCKINLEY ASSASSINATED
– SHOT BY ANARCHIST IN ABDOMEN NO RECOGNIZE AUTHORITY– DIED FROM INFECTION FROM BULLETS WEEK LATER
• ROOSEVELT SWORN IN AS PRESIDENT– YOUNGEST PRESIDENT EVER
• ROOSEVELT PUSHES FOR CHANGE– CALLED “SQUARE DEAL”
• GOAL: KEEP WEALTHY FROM TAKING ADVANTAGE OF POOR/ SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS
1902 COAL MINE STRIKE IN NEPA• MINERS STRIKE FOR PAY RAISE/ SHORTER WORKDAY• COAL NEEDED FOR: ______________________• ROOSEVELT THREATENS TO SEND IN FEDERAL TROOPS IF NO COMPROMISE• OWNERS GIVE IN TO MINERS• 1ST TIME IN HISTORY THAT GOV’T HELPED LABORERS
Teddy Roosevelt & the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
November 10, 2015
• SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT: BREAK UP LARGE COMPANIES– ROOSEVELT DID NOT HATE ALL COMPANIES
• FOCUS: COMPANIES THAT BULLIED SMALLER BUSINESSES/ CHEATED CONSUMERS• PRESERVE LAND: SAVED OVER 230,000 ACRES OF LAND
– CREATED THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (I.E. GETTYSBURG)• ROOSEVELT IS PRESIDENT UNTIL 1908• IN 1908: ROOSEVELT CLAIMS HE WANTS TO RETIRE• ROOSEVELT HELPS SEC. OF WAR WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT BECOME PRESIDENT
– THINKS TAFT WILL CARRY OUT ROOSEVELT’S PROGRESSIVE POLICIES• ROOSEVELT CLASHES WITH TAFT
– TAFT EASY ON TRUSTS (UNLIKE TR)– TAFT Proposed INCOME TAX (TR AGAINST)– TAFT DOES NOT FOCUS ON CONSERVATION (UNLIKE TR)
• 1912 ELECTION: ROOSEVELT RUNS FOR RE-ELECTION AGAINST TAFT• DEMOCRAT: WOODROW WILSON (42%) • REPUBLICAN:TAFT (23%)• PROGRESSIVE: ROOSEVELT (27%)• WHO WINS??? WILSON
Woodrow Wilson & the “Triple Wall of Privilege”
November 12, 2015
Woodrow Wilson•Only president with PhD•Historian/ Professor•President of Princeton University•Governor from New Jersey•Did NOT win popular vote (42%)Once in office…•Attacks the “Triple Wall of Privilege”1.Tariffs•Tariff: Tax on a FOREIGN good (ex: BMW)•To prevent BIG BUSINESS from charging HIGH prices
– LOWER Tariffs on imported goods
•RESULT: If U.S. prices too HIGH; Americans will just buy FOREIGN (more affordable)2.Banks•PROBLEM: no authority to supervise banks
• Banks give out $$$ with no track of reserves (what is being held)• RESULT: no $$$ if people want to WITHDRAW from their savings• Wilson creates the Federal Reserve Act (1913)
– Regional banks hold onto reserves & manage funds– Enough reserves to cover withdrawals– Still in effect today
3. Trusts• Wilson creates the Federal Trade Commission to:
– Watch TRUSTS– FALSE ADVERTISING– DISHONEST LABELING
• Clayton Anti-trust Act: Strengthen Sherman Anti-trust ActOther things Wilson did…• 1913: 16th Amendment: Income tax• 1913: 17th Amendment: election of Senators by people of the state
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