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�
Ecological Relationships
Biodiversity = the number of species in an
ecosystem
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/about/environment/faqs/biodiversity.jpg
Territory = space claimed by an
individual organism
Ecological Equilibrium = state of “balance” in an
ecosystem
� � NICHE - Role of organism
in the ecosystem � NICHE DIVERSITY –
Number of niches in an ecosystem; often determined by abiotic factors
Ecological Relationships A niche is the
sum of all activities and relationships a species has
while obtaining and
using resources needed to
survive and reproduce
Abiotic = non-living
� � When species or
individuals “fight” for the same resources. � E.g., Food, shelter….
� KEYSTONE PREDATOR/SPECIES -
A predator that causes a large increase in diversity of its habitat.
Competition: The “fight” may be indirect … individuals may never
directly contact each other.
Two species with similar needs for
same limited resources cannot
coexist.
Losing a keystone species usually disrupts many
ecological relationships.
� � A primary consumer feeds on a producer.
Herbivory:
A fruit bat eating a papaya
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A woodchuck eating wild clover
� � A consumer feeds on another consumer.
� One benefits, the other dies)
Predation (Predator/Prey)
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A lion eating zebra.
An eagle eating halibut. http
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� A long-term relationship where two species live closely together and at least one benefits directly from the relationship (the other benefits, is harmed, or it not affected at all).
Symbiosis:
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� � Both organisms benefit from the relationship. � Win-Win situation!
Mutualism:
http://tumi-educational-resources.org/Educational%20%20Videos.htm
Parasitism � One organism benefits, the other
one is harmed! � Win-Lose relationship � Parasites rarely kill their hosts…it
would require them to get another one!
� � Biological Magnification — Increasing
concentration of poisons in organisms in higher trophic levels in a food chain or web.
Ecological Relationships
Many toxins in the water
Many toxins in the person
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