History of Psychology · Outline Dualism & Monism Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt...

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

History of Psychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

January 2018

“Without education we are in a horrible and deadly danger of taking educated people seriously.”

– Gilbert Keith Chesterton

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History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Psychodynamic Approach

Humanism

Cognitive Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology

Biological Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Dualism & Monism

I Dualism: Two kinds of stuff; Mind separate from brain.I Majority of people accept this.I Puts mind out of reach of science.

I Monism: There is only the natural world.I Position of science.I Allows study of mind as product of brain.

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Descartes: Nativist

I Interative dualism opened door for study of mind.

I Nativism: Innate knowledge & abilities

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

British Empiricists

I All knowledge & ability come through experience

I Locke: Tabula rasa

I Nature–Nurture Controversy

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Structuralism

I Influenced by chemistry’s periodic table

I Building blocks of the mind

I Wundt: First laboratory of psychology (1879)

I Failed

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Gestalt Psychology

I Wertheimer

I Mental activity cannnot be broken down

I Sensation & perception

I Right about lots; wrong about innateness

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Functionalism

I Influenced by evolutionary theory

I Examine adaptive value of behavior

I Profound influence on most modern psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Behaviorism

I John Watson

I Focus on observables

I S–R (Stimulus–Response) Psychology

I Perhaps too extreme?

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Freud’s Psychodynamic Approach

I Focus on the unconscious

I Childhood emotions

I Nonscientific

I Gained widespread nonscientific acceptance

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Humanism

I Maslow & Rogers

I Opposed behaviorism & Freudian approach

I S-H-R

I Lasting influence on therapy

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Cognitive Psychology

I Focus on “software” of the mind

I Information processing; problem solving

I “Cognitive revolution”

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Evolutionary Psychology

I Grew out of Comparative Psychology

I & Functionalism

I How did behaviors evolve?

I What’s the adaptive value of behavior?

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Biological Psychology

I Brain ⇒ behavior & mindI Localization of function

I Brain areasI Neurotransmitters

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

EvolutionaryPsychology

BiologicalPsychology

Dualism & Monism

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Psychodynamic Approach

Humanism

Cognitive Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology

Biological Psychology