HISTORIC PRESERVATION & THE LEED RATING SYSTEM BARBARA A. CAMPAGNA, AIA, LEED AP Graham Gund...

HISTORIC PRESERVATION & THE LEED RATING SYSTEM BARBARA A. CAMPAGNA, AIA, LEED APGraham Gund Architect of the National Trust

Farnsworth House, Plano, IL

Robie House, Chicago, IL

THE NATIONAL TRUST FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATIONThe National Trust provides leadership, education, advocacy and resources to save America's diverse historic places and revitalize our communities.

STEWARDSHIP OF HISTORIC SITES29 Historic Sites Across the Country that tell the many-layered story of America.

Hotel de Paris, George, ColoradoFrank Lloyd Wright Home & Studio, Oak Park, IL

PROGRAMSThe Programs department supports local preservationists in saving and enhancing historic resources.

Mississippi River, Minneapolis

PUBLIC POLICYAdvocates the integration of preservation into public policies before federal, state, and local legislative bodies and appointed officials and pursues annual federal appropriations for state historic preservation and other programs.

WHY ARE HISTORIC & EXISTING BUILDINGS IMPORTANT?BUILDINGS ACCOUNT FOR ALMOST HALF OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

Smog in the Hollywood Hills

CLIMATE CHANGEOur Role• US emits 22% of greenhouse gases

Griffith Observatory, Hollywood, CA

WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY?Source: UN World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987, The Brundtland Report

“Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

GOALS

MAKE THE CASE FOR PRESERVATION AS INHERENTLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & CRUCIAL TO CONTROLLING CLIMATE CHANGE

Pike Place Market, Seattle

GOALS- PROMOTE1. Building Reuse2. Reinvestment in Older & Historic Communities3. Retrofit the Existing Building Stock

Brucemore, A National Trust Site, Cedar Rapids, Iowa

BUILDING REUSE1. Preserves Embodied Energy And Avoids New Impacts2. Reduces Amount of New Waste

Added to Landfills3. Lessens Demand for New

Materials

Federal Courthouse, Tacoma, WA

REINVEST IN OLDER & HISTORIC COMMUNITIES

1. Preserves Embodied Energy & Avoids

New Impacts2. Reduces Demand for New Infrastructure

Downtown Galena, Illinois

GREEN THE EXISTING BUILDING STOCK

1. Traditional Historic Buildings were built

to last2. Many are already Energy

Efficient

Old San Juan, Puerto Rico

GREEN THE EXISTING BUILDING STOCK

3.Energy performance Can be improved

4.Increasing Number of Historic buildings

are going green

Nakamura Courthouse, SeattleA LEED Silver GSA Project

THE NATIONAL TRUST’sSUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVEA FOUR-PRONG PROGRAMPolicy OutreachResearch Internal Practices

POLICY – NTHP AGENDA

1.Incorporate Preservation Metrics into LEED.

2.Federal/StateExpand Historic Tax Credits.Tax Credits for Green Rehabs.

3. Local Ensure building codes are

preservation friendly.Encourage long range planning to target growth to existing communities.

Green Building Initiatives

SeattlePortland, OR

Minneapolis, MN

Washington, DC

US Department of Agriculture

Montgomery County, MD

Chicago, IL

Nashville, TN

New York, NY

Pennsylvania Public School Districts

Tybee Island, GA

California

San Jose, CA

Colorado

General Services Administration

Scottsdale, AZ

Honolulu, HI

Wisconsin

Washington StateAustin, TX

CHICAGO, ILThe Green Standard of 2004All new city-funded construction and major renovation projects will earn LEED certification.

CHICAGO, ILThe Green Permit ProgramOffering expedited permitting for projects that incorporate innovative green building strategies, including LEED certification.

WASHINGTON, DCGreen Building Act of 2006Requires LEED compliance with municipal and private projects over 50,000 sq ft.

THE SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION COALITIONTHE SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVENTHP, APT, AIA & NPS + GSA & NCSHPO

PRESERVATION CHOICESIt is better to preserve than to repair, better to repair than to restore, better to restore than to reconstruct.

N. Didron, 1839.

environmental choices

ReduceRe-useRe-cycle

THE SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION COALITIONHOW TO BEST INTEGRATE PRESERVATION & CULTURAL VALUES INTO LEED & GREEN RATING SYSTEMS

WHAT IS LEED® AND THE US GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL?

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™ encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and development practices through the creation and implementation of universally understood and accepted tools and performance criteria.

Test

Levels of LEED Ratings

Green Buildings worldwide are certified with a voluntary,consensus-based rating system. USGBC has four levels of LEED.

Test

LEADERSHIP inENERGY andENVIRONMENTALDESIGN

A leading-edge system for certifyingDESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, & OPERATIONSof the greenest buildings in the world

Scores are tallied for different aspects of efficiency and design in appropriate categories.

For instance, LEED assesses in detail:

1. Site Planning2. Water Management3. Energy Management4. Material Use5. Indoor Environmental Air Quality6. Innovation & Design Process

WHAT IS LEED ?WHAT IS THE U.S.GREEN BUILDINGCOUNCIL?

LEED & HISTORIC PRESERVATION CURRENTLY

1. Out of 69 points, about 20 are building type neutral.

2. Another 10 support preservation activities.

3. Any existing building can basically get a “certified” rating with very little effort.

4. Getting “silver” requires a bit more effort and “gold” is readily achievable.

PRESIDENT LINCOLN’S COTTAGEON TARGET FOR A GOLD LEED RATING FOR THE VISITOR EDUCATION CENTER ON THE SITE

Visitor Education Center

Test

Average Savings of Green Buildings

ENERGYSAVINGS

30%

CARBONSAVINGS

35%

WATERUSE

SAVINGS30-50%

WASTECOST

SAVINGS50-90%

Source:Capital E

Test

What is green building?Design and construction practices that meet specified standards, resolving much of the negative impact of buildings on their occupants and on the environment.

SitePlanning

IndoorEnvironmentalQuality

Water

Management

MaterialUse

Energy

LEED & HISTORIC PRESERVATION CURRENTLY

1. Overlooks the impact of projects on cultural value;

2. Does not effectively consider the performance, longer service lives and embodied energy of historic materials and assemblies;

3. And is overly focused on current or future technologies, neglecting how past experience helps to determine sustainable performance.

THE NATIONAL TRUST & THE US GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL

Building a Partnership

Changing the Face of LEED

REVISING LEED – LEED v3 2009Changing LEED to a weighted system based on LCA Indicators & Preservation/Social/Cultural Metrics

LEED SYSTEM IS POINT BASED

NC 2.2 v3Sustainable Sites 14 26Water Efficiency 5 10Energy & Atmosphere 17 35Materials & Resources 13 14Indoor Env Quality 15 15Innovation & Design 5 6Regional Bonus 0 4

69 110Project Totals 110 Possible PointsCertified 40–49 points Silver 50–59 points Gold 60–79 points Platinum 80–110 points

LEED v3 20093 key pieces:- LEED Rating System updates and revisions - Revision and evolution of the LEED certification process - LEED Online v3

WHAT IS LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS?A methodology for assessing the environmental performance of a product over its full life cycle

Arctic Building, Seattle

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSISLCA INDICATORS AND US NEPA NISTBEES – BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

WEIGHTINGSLEED Weighted Credits

Indicator Weighting 29% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 6% 6% 5% 4% 3% 3% 2%

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indicator totals 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100SS Category Sustainable Sites 19 50 35 16 19 50 100 10 80 10 5 2 29.46

SS Prereq 1 Erosion & Sedimentation Control 5 5 0.6SS Credit 1 Site Selection 5 25 2SS Credit 2 Development Density & Community Connectivity 5 10 5 3 25 1 25 2 5.75SS Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment 5 5 4 12 10 5 2.96SS Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access 4 5 5 3 10 1 25 2 1 4.08SS Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 3 5 5 2 10 1 5 2 2.89SS Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation, Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 3 5 5 2 10 1 25 2 1 3.71SS Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity 3 5 5 2 10 1 2 2.69SS Credit 5.1 Site Development, Protect or Restore Habitat 5 0.5SS Credit 5.2 Site Development, Maximize Open Space 5 25 2SS Credit 6.1 Stormwater Design, Quantity Control 1 25 1.79SS Credit 6.2 Stormwater Design, Quality Control 7 0.49SS Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof

SS Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect, Roof

SS Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction

WE Category Water Efficiency 1 20 100 15 50 14.34WE Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% 0.5 5 20 5 25 4.095WE Credit 1.2 Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation 0.5 5 40 5 25 5.695WE Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 5 0.35WE Credit 3.1 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction 5 25 2.5WE Credit 3.2 Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction 5 15 1.7EA Category Energy & Atmosphere 75 10 25 15 15 20 20 50 98 32.51EA Prereq 1 Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning

EA Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance

EA Prereq 3 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment 50 1EA Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance, 1 to 10 possible points 75 10 25 5 5 5 20 25 27.55EA Credit 2 Renewable Energy, 1 to 3 possible points

EA Credit 3 Additional Commissioning 48 0.96EA Credit 4 Ozone DepletionEA Credit 5 Measurement & Verification

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

1. LEED Prerequisite/Credit Alignment and Harmonization

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

2. Predictable Development Cycle

Regular Updates – 2010, Cultural Metrics

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

3. Transparent Environmental/Human Impact Credit Weighting

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

4. Regionalization

Hotel de Paris, Georgetown, CO

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

Changes to Sustainable Sites

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

Changes to Energy & Atmosphere

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

Changes to Materials & Resources

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

Changes to Materials & Resources

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

ALTERNATE COMPLIANCE PATH FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF BUILDING ASSEMBLIES

Frank Lloyd Wright Home & Studio, Oak Park, IL

DURABILITY

Identify the relative durability of various materials, systems and assemblies and reward buildings whose components are more durable.

Old San Juan, Puerto Rico

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

Beyond green building blog on PreservationNation

LEED v3 2009 Virtual Bookshelf

Open for public comment May 19-June 22

Then will go out for member vote for implementation January 1, 2009

French Quarter, New Orleans

LEED ND (Neighborhood Development)

The LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System integrates the principles of smart growth, urbanism and green building into the first national system for neighborhood design.

SPRAWLHistoric preservation reduces sprawl. LEED ND - a collaboration among USGBC, the Congress for the New Urbanism and the Natural Resources Defense Council.

LEED NDChanges to the Pilot version coming

out for final review this fall, with the final version ready for 2009.

Millennium Park, Chicago

Manitou Springs, Colorado

LEED ND - GIB Credit 5To achieve this point, the project must not

demolish any historic building or portion of a historic building within the project boundary, unless approval for such action is granted by the local historic preservation review board, or equivalent body…

Millennium Park, Chicago

LEED NDOPTION 1 (1 point): Preserve historic

buildings located within the project boundary.

OPTION 2 (1 point): If the historic building or buildings are to be rehabilitated, rehabilitate in accordance with local review or federal standards for rehabilitation..  

Reliance Building/Hotel Burnham, Chicago

LIFE CYCLE FLEXIBILITY

Recognize the multiple reuses and adaptability of historic building types which extends the life cycle of buildings, the building stock and our communities.

Manitou Springs, Colorado

DENSITYPlaces like Boulder are town-centered, transit and pedestrian oriented, have a greater mix of housing, commercial and retail uses and preserve open spaces.

LEED v3 2010 Virtual Bookshelf

Adding more cultural/historic preservation and social metrics

Millennium Park, Chicago

INTEGRATING PRESERVATION METRICS INTO LEED

Additional METRICS

1. Social Sustainability2. Social Capital

How to Quantify the Unquantifiable?

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITYCelebrate existing buildings and provide more reward for the recognized sites of architectural, cultural and social significance using nationally recognized standards and criteria.

Frank Lloyd Wright Home & Studio, Oak Park, IL

SOCIAL CAPITAL

Recognize the importance of “social capital” associated with historic buildings and neighborhoods.

Old San Juan, Puerto Rico

THE NATIONAL TRUST & THE US GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL

Building a Partnership

Changing the Face of LEED

LEED 3.0/2009Weighting using LCAAlternative Compliance

using Durability of Materials

LEED 3.0/2010Preservation/Social

Metrics

HISTORIC REHABILITATION TAX CREDITSTHE ARMORY IN PORTLAND The first LEED Platinum/Tax Credit Project

HISTORIC REHABILITATION TAX CREDITSTHE CHRISTMAN BUILDING Lansing, MI The first dual LEED Platinum Project AND Tax Credit Project

BY 2030 50% OF ALL BUILDINGS WILL HAVE BEEN ERECTED AFTER 2000: 82 billion sq. ft. demolishedTHE BROOKINGS INSTITUTE, 2004

Milwaukee Art Museum, Calatrava

WE CAN’T BUILD OUR WAY OUT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

THE SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE

The Pritzker Pavilion, Gehry

WE ALSO CAN’T FREEZE OUR WAY OUT OF IT….

THE SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE

Governor’s Palace, Williamsburg, VA

IT’S ALL ABOUT CHOICE AND BALANCE

View of Earth from Apollo 17, 1972

Polar Bears stranded in Northern Alaska, from the Daily MailFebruary 1, 2007, © EnviroZine

WE ALL HAVE TO WORK TOGETHER TO IMPACT THE POLITICAL WILLTHE SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE

THANK YOU,NCSHPO & Historic Tax CreditConference Colleagues!