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Histology of BloodHistology of Blood
dr. Zulham, M.Biomeddr. Alya Amila Fitrie, M.Kes
Department of HistologyMedical Faculty, University of North
Sumatera20092009
Blood
Specialized Specialized connective tissue
Consisting of cells & plasma
Buffy coat
Hematocrite
Components separated by centrifugation if blood is collected in the
presence of anticoagulants
Plasma
Th fl id t f th bl dThe fluid component of the blood
Contain salts & organic compound (amino acids, lipids, vitamins, proteins & hormones)
In the absence of anticoagulant, cellular element + plasma proteins → clot in the test tube
The fluid portion from above → serum, i ll fib i f lessentially fibrinogen-free plasma
Cellular Elements
ErythrocyteLeucocyte
GranulocyteNeutrophilNeutrophilEosinophilBasophil
A l tAgranulocyteLymphocyteMonocyte
Platelets : not a cell
Erythrocyte / Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
Non-nucleated, Biconcave-shaped cell, ∅ 7-8 μm, 4-, p , ∅ 7 8 μ , 46.106/mm3
Lack organelles Consist only of a plasma membrane its Lack organelles. Consist only of a plasma membrane, its underlying cytoskeleton (→flexible) , Hb & glycolytic
enzymes
Circulate for 120 days, senescent RBCs are removed by phagocytosis or destroyed by hemolysis in the spleen.
Clinical significance : Cytoskeletal & Hb abnormalities, Erythroblastosis foetalis
RBCs & Reticulocytes
RBCs are replaced in the RBCs are replaced in the circulation by reticulocytes
Reticulocytes complete their Hbsynthesis & maturation 1-2 days y y
after entering the circulation
Reticulcytes account for 1-2% of circulating RBCs
Leukocytes / White Blood Cells
6000-1000/mm3
Categorized as Granulocytes (primary & spesific cytoplasmic granules) & p y p g )
Agranulocytes (primary granules only)
Leukocytes leave the bloodstream (diapedesis) & enter connective tissue
Granulocytes
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil
Multilobed nucleus, ∅ 12-15 μm. Lifespan varies, can be distinguished by their cytoplasmic granulesg y y p g
Neutrophil
Have a lobulatednucleus, usually
2-5 lobules
60-70% of Lifespan 6-7 h li 60 70% of
circulating leukocytes
hours, may live > 4 days in the
connective tissuey connective tissue
Eosinophil
Bilobed nucleus Granules : large,
refractile, stain red Bilobed nucleus refractile, stain red in blood smear
2-4% of circulating leukocytes
May also leave the circulation →
First line of defense against parasites &
participate in b h lleukocytes connective tissue triggering bronchial
asthma
Basophil
Bilobed nucleus, that b d b l
Granules : large, metachromaticobscured by granules metachromatic
cytoplasmic granules
Only 1% of circulating l k
May also leave the circulation →
connective tissue Play role in
immediate & delayed hleukocytes connective tissue,
resemble mast cells hypersensitivity
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes Monocyte
Round or indented nucleus, contain only lysosomal-type, primary granules.yp , p y g
Lymphocyte
24-44% of circulating Nucleus : round &
li htl i d t dcirculating leukocytes slightly indented
Cytoplasm: basophilic,
appearing as a thin d h
Large lymphocyte (3% of all
lymphocytes 9-12
Small lymphocyte ( 97% of all
lymphocytes 6-8 rim around the nucleus
lymphocytes, 9 12 μm)
lymphocytes, 6 8 μm)
Lymphocyte
Monocytes
Nucleus : kidney-h d l ∅ 9-12 μmshaped or oval ∅ 9 12 μm
Cytoplasmicgranules are small
Circulate in blood 12-100 hours, then
enter connective
Connective tissue → macrophage
granules are small enter connective tissue Bone → osteoclast
Platelet
S ll t l i f t d i d f th Small cytoplasmic fragment derived from the megakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte → develop cytoplasmic projection → proplatelets fragment into plateletsproplatelets→ fragment into platelets
Central region (granulomere) : mitochondria, RER, Golgi app., granules
Peripher region (hyalumere) : microtubulus & microfilament → regulate shape & movementmicrofilament → regulate shape & movement
Th k Thank you…
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