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Higher education
and Research
in Switzerland
Anouk De Bast, 23 May 2016
Short courses for science administrators
The 28 EU countries
EEA
EU membership candidates
Switzerland at the heart of
Europe
© EDA, STS KMZ-Geodienste
General Information
3
CH Vietnam Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Philippines
Surface
area (km2) 41 280 331 210 1'904'570 329 850 513 120 300 000
Population
(million) 8 94.35 255.99 30.51 67.98 101.00
GDP
(billion
USD)
488 511 2'676 767 1'066 691
GDP per
capita
(USD)
59 540 5 630 10 520 25 640 15 740 6 970
GDP
annual
growth
rate (2014)
1.9 % 6.0% 5.0% 6.0% 2.5% 6.1%
Unemploy
ment rate 4.5% 2.3% 6.2% 2.0% 0.9% 7.1%
Education: VET sector most
popular option in Switzerland
4
VET sector: around 70%
of young people choose
this option
General education sector:
around 30% choose this option
Transition from lower- to upper-secondary level
5
Swiss education system
VET sector
PET sector
General education
sector
Higher education sector
(academic & applied sciences)
Swiss higher education landscape
12 tier-one universities (10 cantonal + 2 federal)
8 universities of applied sciences UAS (7 public + 1
private)
6
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland
Zurich University of Applied Sciences
University of Applied Sciences of Eastern Switzerland
Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland
Bern University of Applied Sciences
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland
Kalaidos University of Applied Science
Total number of students in UAS: 72,568
Total number of professors in UAS: 3,855
Total number of students in tier-one universities: 137,714
Total number of professors in tier-one universities: 3,357
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
Univ. St. Gallen:
7,809 students,
80 professors
Univ. della Svizerra italiana;
2,918 students,
69 professors
ETH Zurich:
17,309 students,
428 professors
Univ. Zurich:
26,351 students,
526 professors
Univ. Basel:
12,982 students,
260 professors
Univ. Neuchâtel:
4,345 students,
112 professors
Univ. Bern:
15,406 students,
374 professors
Univ. Fribourg:
10,084 students,
221 professors
Univ. Geneva:
15,514 students,
486 professors EPF Lausanne:
9,395 students,
290 professors
Univ. Lausanne:
12,947 students,
454 professors
Univ. Lucerne:
2,654 students,
57 professors
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7
Federal public funding
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1991-1995 1995-1999 1999-2003 2003-2007 2007-2011 2011-2015
Social Welfare
National Defense
Transport
Finances and Taxation
Education and Research
Agriculture and Food
Foreign Relations - Int. Coop.
Instit. and Finan.RequirementsOrder and Public Safety
Economy
Environmental Protection andSpatial PlanningCulture and Leisure
Health
% of GDP
8
Principles of the Swiss system
Principles
Openness
Bottom-up
Autonomy Competi-
tion
Quality
9
Principles of the Swiss system
Openness Bottom-up Autonomy Competition Quality
Principles
Openness
Bottom-up
Autonomy Competi-
tion
Quality
Openness
Key figures: academic human resources in
the higher education Tier-one universities (i.e. cantonal
universities and FITs)
UAS and universities of teacher
education
Total Foreign (%) Total Foreign (%)
Students 144,000 29 89,600 13.3
Bachelor’s degrees 14,362 16.8 15,252 1.3
Master’s degrees 12,948 27.4 3,513 33.3
PhDs 3,849 53.7 - -
Assistants/
researchers 19,699 63.1 3,602 25
Professors 3,600 50.1 2,109 23
Other lecturers 2,651 38.3 5,285 20
Adm. and technical
personnel 12,788 22 4,777 14
Source: Federal Statistical Office (2015)
10
Key figures: Cooperation partners – over 2/3
from abroad
11
Cooperation partners of Swiss researchers, 2005-2011 in % of all cooperation initiatives. Source:
Bibliometric study of research in Switzerland, 1981-2011, SERI 2014
28.30%
14.40%
9.50%
7.60%
7.60%
5.60%
1.90%
1.00%
0.90%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Switzerland
USA
Germany
Italy
France
ASIA
Japan
China
South Korea
12
Principles of the Swiss system
Openness Bottom-up Autonomy Competition Quality
Principles
Openness
Bottom-up
Autonomy Competi-
tion
Quality Bottom-up
Swiss education and research policy and
economic policy follow a similar strategy
…
• Little steering and interference by the State
• Favourable framework conditions
• Healthy domestic competition in order to remain internationally competitive
• Decisive infrastructure measures
• Social, legal and political stability, protection of the intellectual property, good living conditions, etc.
• International peer review: evaluation of the proposals
are conducted by researchers themselves
… 13
14
Principles of the Swiss system
Openness Bottom-up Autonomy Competition Quality
Principles
Openness
Bottom-up
Autonomy Competi-
tion
Quality
Autonomy
Federal Funding
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
EU research
EU education
Space affairs
International cooperation
Management of education system
Umbrella associations for CET
Scholarships
Institutions under art. 16
Science and society
CTI
SNSF
Universities of applied sciences
Cantonal universities
ETH domain
VET/PET
2013-2016
2008-2011
15
Total 2013 – 2016: CHF 26 billion
International context ~20%
Source: Swiss ERI Dispatch 2013 – 2016
Promotion of research and innovation:
Complementary set of instruments
Applied research
Fundamental research
16
17
Principles of the Swiss system
Openness Bottom-up Autonomy Competition Quality
Principles
Openness
Bottom-up
Autonomy Competi-
tion
Quality
Competi-tion
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
70%
11.25 billion
30%
R&D expenditure
18
In Switzerland
(CHF 18.5 billion)
From Swiss companies
abroad (CHF 15 billion)
Private
sector
Public
sector
Key figures: Patents per million
inhabitants
19
Source: OECD, Factbook 2015-16
148
125
68
67
65
63
46
40
39
28
13
11
1
[VALEUR].4
Switzerland
Japan
Germany
Sweden
Denmark
South Korea
United States
OECD
France
European Union
Australia
New Zealand
China
India
20
Principles of the Swiss system
Openness Bottom-up Autonomy Competition Quality
Principles
Openness
Bottom-up
Autonomy Competi-
tion
Quality Quality
Key figures: International comparison of
research expenditure
21
In % of GDP. Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators 2014
2.02
2.13
2.40
2.81
2.81
2.94
2.96
3.06
3.30
3.32
3.49
4.15
4.21
Singapore
Australia
OECD average
USA
Austria
Germany
Switzerland
Denmark
Sweden
Finland
Japan
Korea
Israel
International ranking lists Over 60% of students attend a “Top 100”
university (Shanghai ranking list)
22
EPFL ETHZ Basel Berne Fri-
bourg Ge-
neva Lau-
sanne Neu-
chatel St.
Gallen Zurich
Shanghai ranking list for 2015 (Top 500)
101-150 20 87 151-200 - 58 201-300 - - 54
QS Ranking 2015 (Top 500)
14 9 139 166 - 89 143 - 329 85
Times Ranking 2015 (Top 800)
31 9 101 120 201-250 131 144 401-500 351-400 104
Source: SERI, 2015 (Only universities that are listed in at least one of the international ranking lists are shown)
Thank you for your attention !
23
State Secretariat for Education Research and Innovation
Division for International Relations
Anouk De Bast – anouk.de-bast@sbfi.admin.ch – www.sbfi.admin.ch
Swiss higher education landscape / 2
Cantonal universities and FITs
24 Source: Federal Statistical Office (2014)
Swiss higher education landscape / 3
Universities of applied sciences
Regional presence
25 Source: Federal Statistical Office (2014)
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