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Healthy ageing
Alison Iliff, Health and Wellbeing Programme Manager
Whole Systems Approach to Ageing Well, 27 September 2018
What is Healthy Ageing? World Health Organisation definition: the process of developing and
maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age
This includes a person’s ability to:
• meet their basic needs
• to learn, grow and make decisions
• to be mobile
• to build and maintain relationships
• to contribute to society
2 Healthy Ageing. Whole System Approach to Ageing Well, 27 September 2018
Why is healthy ageing important?
3 Healthy Ageing. Whole System Approach to Ageing Well, 27 September 2018
The global ageing population
4 Healthy Ageing. Whole System Approach to Ageing Well, 27 September 2018
• The number of people today aged
60 and over has doubled since
1980.
• The number of people aged 80
years will almost quadruple to
395 million between now and
2050.
• Within the next five years, the
number of adults aged 65 and
over will outnumber children
under the age of 5.
• Between 2000 and 2050, the
proportion of the world’s
population over 60 years will
double from about 11% to 22%.
Age distribution: UK
0 to 15 years (%) 16 to 64 years (%) Aged 65 and over
(%) UK population
1976 24.5 61.2 14.2
56,216,121
1986 20.5 64.1 15.4
56,683,835
1996 20.7 63.5 15.9
58,164,374
2006 19.2 64.9 15.9
60,827,067
2016 18.9 63.1 18.0
65,648,054
2026 18.8 60.7 20.5
69,843,515
2036 18.0 58.2 23.9
73,360,907
2046 17.7 57.7 24.7
76,342,235
5 Healthy Ageing. Whole System Approach to Ageing Well, 27 September 2018
Source: Office for National Statistics
Facts and figures
• A baby girl born today can expect to live to the age of 83, a baby boy
to 79.
• One in three will reach their 100th birthday
• Globally the number of over 60s has doubled since 1980
• By 2050 the number of over 80s is expected to quadruple
BUT…
• 40% of over 65s in the UK have a life-limiting long-term health
condition (eg diabetes, respiratory disease, CVD, cancer, dementia)
• There are marked inequalities between the most and the least
deprived areas
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Healthy later life?
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Life course approach to ageing well
• Waiting until state pension age is too late
• 1001 Critical Days
• Risk-taking and health promoting behaviours
• Inequalities persist across generations
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Mid-life approaches to healthy ageing
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45-55:
- Physical Activity
- Menopause
55+
- Social isolation &
loneliness
- Vitamin D
- Pre-retirement
40-65:
- Risk reduction messages
- Making Every Contact
Count
40-74:
- NHS Health check
60- 74:
- Bowel Cancer Screening
- Falls prevention
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
(AAA) screening (men, 65yrs)
- Flu, pneumococcal, shingles
vaccination
50-70:
- Breast screening
75+
- Sight tests
- Hearing tests
- Strength and
Balance
Why is healthy ageing important?
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Why is healthy ageing important?
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Why is healthy ageing important?
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National priorities for healthy ageing
• Productive healthy ageing
• Increase awareness of lifestyle interventions and collaborate with system
leaders to scale these interventions with the older population to increase
healthy life expectancy
• Older people’s mental health, including social isolation, loneliness and
dementia.
• Raise awareness of dementia risk reduction and drive behaviour change
in midlife and later years
• Musculoskeletal health including falls prevention
• Promote primary falls prevention with a particular focus on older adults
• ‘Non-traditional’ inequalities in later life
13 Healthy ageing slides for medical students. April 2018
Age friendly communities
• Physical environment – housing, transport, street furniture, toilets,
• Feeling safe
• Participation – employment, volunteering, social activities
• Public services – accessible health and social care
• Communication and information
• Respect – countering ageism
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Physical environment
Image source: DWELL (Sheffield University), Romford Recorder
15 Healthy Ageing. Whole System Approach to Ageing Well, 27 September 2018
Employment
• More people aged 50+ are in
employment than ever before
• Reasons for leaving the workforce are
complex and include:
• Ill health and disability
• Caring responsibilities
• Redundancy
• Financial security
Keeping people in work for longer will
require a shift in mindset for both
employers and older people
10 Odessa programme: spring workshop March 2017 Healthy Ageing. Whole System Approach to Ageing Well, 27 September 2018
Isolation and loneliness in older age
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Isolation
• Research over decades has found a fairly constant proportion –
10-13% - of older people feeling lonely often or always.
• Estimates place the number of people aged over 65 who are often
or always lonely at over one million.
Loneliness
The relationship between social isolation and loneliness is complex and
varies between individuals.
• 12% of those aged over 65 report isolation. (SCIE)
• Age UK report that approx. two-fifths all older people say the television
is their main company.
• 11% of older people are in contact with family less than once a month.
What this means in Y&H
• Working with colleagues focusing on other aspects of PH to ensure healthy
ageing is reflected
• Spatial planning – age friendly towns/cities, suitable housing stock,
accessible transport
• Physical activity – strength and balance, age appropriate opportunities,
wide range of ability
• Mental health – social isolation and loneliness, older carers, older service
users
• Oral health and nutrition – access to dental care, food deserts, ability and
desire to prepare nutritious meals, hydration
• Vulnerable groups – older people with learning disabilities, older
population in receipt of drug and alcohol services, older people who are/at
risk of homelessness
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Key issues • Continuing rise in numbers and proportion of population in later life
• Increasing numbers living independently – and often alone – in later life
• Older carers – caring for grandchildren, children with disabilities, partners or
ageing parents
• Older workers
• Healthy ageing needs a life-course approach
19 Healthy ageing slides for medical students. April 2018
Any questions?
Alison Iliff
Public Health England
Alison.iliff@phe.gov.uk
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