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7/25/2019 Haitian Revolution101
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The Haitian RevolutionWhat was the Haitian Revolution?Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?
What role did race play in the Revolution?
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What was the Haitian Revolution?
The Haitian Revolution was apolitical conflict on the island ofHispaniola (Haiti / DominicanRepublic)
1791-1804
European powers
Haitian rebels / slaves
One of the most successful anti-slavery rebellions in worldhistory
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What was Saint-Domingue?
Saint-Domingue was the
richest of all the colonies in
the New World
HaitiControlled by France
$$$ = sugar cane
French brought in African
slaves to work the cane fields1788 = 500,000 slaves to
60,000 white colonists (8-1)
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The colony of Saint-Domingue
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French importation of slaves from Africa
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The Cane Fields of Saint-Domingue
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What was the colonial class system like
on Saint-Domingue?Lots of racial / socialtension in the colony
Rich plantation owners
Gens de couleur (peopleof color)
African slaves
The gens de couleur
were denied equal rightseven though some weresuccessful
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How were the African slaves
treated on the island?One word = BRUTAL
Long work hours
Bad conditions
Disease / malnutritionHigh death rate (20s)
Savage punishment
Many slaves attempted to
flee their masters and hidin the mountains(maroons)
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Work in the Cane Fields
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Production of French Sugar
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Slave Punishments
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How does the Revolution start on
Saint-Domingue?The trouble starts in 1789
with the French Revolution
Declaration of the Rightsof Man
The Gens de couleur
citizens of the colony
demand equal rights
The ruling white classesrefuses
Threats of violence
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The Death of Vincent Oge
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Oges Execution (Broken on the Wheel)
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How does the Revolution start on
Saint-Domingue?In 1791, a voodoo priest /maroon leader namedBoukman Dutty sparked a slaveuprising
Terrorized whites
Burned plantations
Freed slaves
Saint-Domingues white colonistsmake a deal with the British for
helpBelieved the Frenchgovernment cared little forthem
Desired independence
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Boukman Dutty (?-1791)
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Destruction of French Plantations
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Who is Toussaint L'Ouverture?
Toussaint L'Ouverture is one ofthe most successful of the
African revolutionaries
1743-1803
Brilliant businessman /general
Well-educated in Enlightenmentphilosophy
Believed a black messiahwould rise to lead the slaves tovictory
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How does L'Ouverture turn the
revolution around?L'Ouverture is a mastermanipulator
Gains help from the Spanish todefeat the British
Switches the French in returnfor an end to slavery / defeatsthe Spanish
By 1796, L'Ouverture is declaredgovernor of the colony
Wants to create an all-blackrepublic
Expels all whites / foreigners
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L'Ouvertures troops in battle
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What issues did L'Ouverture face as the
new leader of Saint-Domingue?The gen de colour rebelagainst LOuverture
Want to remain French
War of the Classes (1799)
LOuverture gains help from
the US to defeat this uprising
US fears French / Britishusing Saint-Domingue as a
military base
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What issues did L'Ouverture face as the
new leader of Saint-Domingue?LOuverture also faceseconomic issues
Cane fields / plantationsare destroyed
No economy
LOuverture forces hisAfrican followers back towork (using forced labor)
Dictator?
Is this slavery again?
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Is everyone happy with LOuverture as
Saint-Domingues leader?Many white and gen de
colours are unhappy with
LOuverture rule
Petition Napoleon for help
In 1801, Napoleon dispatched
an army to Saint-Domingue to
retake the island
Little resistanceLOuverture is arrested /
jailed
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LOuvertures Surrender / Arrest
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What eventually ends French rule in
Saint-Domingue for good?Napoleon tries toreinstitute slavery / sugarcane production
The slaves again revolt
Tropical disease ravageFrench troops
By 1804, Napoleon recallshis army
The country of Haitideclares it independence
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How is the Haitian Revolution viewed
by the rest of the world?Many other countries
watch the revolution withfear
US = fears a slave revolt
in the SouthRefused to recognizeHaitian independencetill 1862
Helped to push theLouisiana Purchase (1803)
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The Louisiana Purchase (1803)
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How is the Haitian Revolution viewed
today?The Haitian Revolution is
celebrated today as one of
the most democratic
revolutions
Race
True Enlightenment
However, Haiti remains
one of the worlds poorest
countries
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2010 Haitian Earthquake
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