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Fundamentalresearch

Pullman

Applied research

Spokane

50+ Year Legacy of Innovation and Excellencein Physics at Washington State University

George Duvall, Ph.DProfessor of Physics

(1964-1988)

William Band, Ph.D.Professor of Physics

(1949 – 1971) 2011 APS, Shock Compression Science Award

Donald R. Curran, Ph.D.WSU Class of 1960

James Johnson, Ph.D.WSU Class of 1966

Sandia National Laboratories

Why do shock wave research?

Central Pressure: 3.6 MbarCentral Temperature: 6000° K

Rocky Silicate Mantle

Iron/NickelCore

Basis: Afghanistan, size L, non-leader

Army combat helmet = 6.5 lbs Ruck (basic weight) = 8 lbs

Body armor = 33.2 lbs

Power sources (batteries) = 16 lbs

Radio (leader only) = 4.5 lbs

Night vision goggles = 1.4 lbs

Other = 9 lbs

Rations (3 day mission) = 19.5 lbs Weapon + ammo = 31.8 lbs

Goal: Lighten Body Armor

Dr. James Zheng, U.S. Army

Soldier Load = 95 lbs

Gordon Johnson,SwRI

Hard Armor Dynamic Response

300 µs

Courtesy of Hans Broos, TNO, Netherlands (through Dr. James Zheng, U.S. Army)

500 µs 750 µs 1000 µs

What is shock wave research?

Key Features of Shock Waves

We do experiments at VERY high pressures:10,000 – 2,500,000 atmospheres

Extreme Pressures Extreme Timescales

Picosecond (ps) one trillionth of a secondNanosecond (ns) one billionth of a second Microsecond (μs) one millionth of a second

Extreme Velocities

• Bullet (.22 Long Rifle): 320 m/s (715 mph)

• Sound: 343 m/s (767 mph)

• ISP Launchers: Up to 6 km/s (~13,000 mph)

• Space Shuttle: 8 km/s (~18,000 mph)

Major Research Facilities

Impact Laboratory

Laser Shock Laboratory

Pulsed Power Facility

Static High Pressure Laboratory

Materials We Study

Quartz

Sapphire

Ruby

Aluminum Bulk Amorphous AlloysWater

Benzene

Carrara Marble

Diamond

SiliconMolybdenum

Tantalum

Copper

Granite

Fundamental Research:How quickly does water freeze?

Daniel Dolan, Ph.D. 2003Now at Sandia National Laboratories

Experimental Configuration

Water sample

Windows

Light

Point of view

Impactor Target

-170 230 330 530630 730 830 9301030 1130 1330 1430

t(ns)=

after shock arrival

Albuquerque

Spokane

PullmanSeattle

Los Alamos

Livermore

Chicago

Boston

Washington D.C.

Partnerships

Sandia National Laboratories

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National Laboratory

Army Research

Laboratory

MIT

BoeingAvista, Itron, ReliOn

SRI InternationalMinneapolis

SwRIHoughton

Michigan Tech Univ

Princeton

Princeton University

Menlo Park

ASL: Linking Academia & Industry

• Curiosity driven

• Educational excellence

• Emphasis on learning

• Focus on R

• Publications

Academia Industry• Customer driven

• Market timelines

• Emphasis on product

• Focus on D

• Sales

Applied Sciences Laboratory

A Multidisciplinary Contract Research Organization

“The asset with the greatest leverage in the knowledge economy is the

modern research university.”- Paul Grogan, President of the Boston Foundation

ASL: Intellectual Shopping Center

Problem Solving & Tech Transfer

Energy National Security

Advanced Materials &

Sensors

Research for Companies

Material Sciences & Chemistry

Optical Physics

Modeling & Simulations

Transforming research innovationsinto practical solutions

Icing and Corrosion PreventionSantanu Chaudhuri

Mg matrixPit

Stagnant electrolyte

IED Detection and Biological Agent Neutralization

NON2

Heating

LuminescentNot luminescent

Hergen Eilers

Albuquerque

Spokane

PullmanSeattle

Los Alamos

Livermore

Chicago

Boston

Washington D.C.

Partnerships

Sandia National Laboratories

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National Laboratory

Army Research

Laboratory

MIT

BoeingAvista, Itron, ReliOn

SRI InternationalMinneapolis

SwRIHoughton

Michigan Tech Univ

Princeton

Princeton University

Menlo Park

Advanced Photon SourceChicago, IL

A New Paradigm for Shock Wave Research

DC-CAT:Dynamic Compression – Collaborative Access Team

Washington State University

DOE/NNSA National Laboratories(Livermore, Los Alamos, Sandia)

Carnegie Institution for Science

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Army Research Laboratory

Harvard University

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Atomic Weapons Establishment, U.K.

Kumamoto Univ., Tohoku Univ., Nat’l Inst. for Mat. Science, Japan

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Indian Inst. of Science, India

Hanyang University, Korea

New sector dedicated to shock wave measurements

Albuquerque

Spokane

PullmanSeattle

Los Alamos

Livermore

Chicago

Boston

Washington D.C.

Partnerships

Sandia National Laboratories

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National Laboratory

Army Research

Laboratory

MIT

BoeingAvista, Itron, ReliOn

SRI InternationalMinneapolis

SwRIHoughton

Michigan Tech Univ

Princeton

Princeton University

Menlo Park

Time Magazine, November 15, 2010

Which scientific discovery or advance would you like to see in your lifetime?

“I would like nuclear fusion to become a practical power source.It would provide an inexhaustible supply of energy, without pollutionor global warming.”

Stephen Hawking’s Wish

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

1. Take a 2 mm hollow, spherical plastic capsule.

2. Fill it with 150 micrograms of a mixture of deuterium and tritium.

3. Take a laser that for about 20 billionths of a second can generate 500 trillion watts.

4. Focus all that laser power onto the surface of the capsule.

5. Wait 10 billionths of a second.

Result: One miniature

star

Recipe for a Small Star

Collins, LLNL

3Collins, LLNL

Collins, LLNL

Inertial Fusion Energy

Pressure ~ 2,000,000 Mbar

Success in the 21st Century

Role of a University?

Washington State UniversityPullman

Meeting the 21st Century Challenges

• Emphasis on scientific curiosity and risk taking• Integrate innovation, education, and national interests• Applied research and meaningful partnerships

Never be satisfied.Be the change.

“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”

Standing on the Shoulders of Giants, Ed. N.J.W. Thrower, University of California Press, 1990

• DOE/NNSA and Washington State University

• Sheila Heyns (WSU), Gilbert Collins (Livermore Lab.), Gordon Johnson (SwRI, Minneapolis), Dr. James Zheng (U.S. Army)

• Many dedicated individuals have worked with me over the years

• The support of my family, friends, and colleagues over the past 40 years is sincerely appreciated

AcknowledgementsThis lecture and the work presented today is truly a teameffort and I am extremely grateful to the following:

- Isaac Newton, in a letter to Robert Hooke, February 5, 1676