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Groundwater Governance in California
Pablo T. Silva Jordan, M.S.
Maritza Flores Marquez, M.S.
Laura E. Garza Diaz, M.S.
Samuel Sandoval Solis, Ph. D.
and the ones to come …
Outline
• Water Governance
• California
–Overview
–Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
–Groundwater Governance in California
–Case of Study: Ukiah Valley
• Lessons learned
Gobernanza del Agua La gobernabilidad del agua es el conjunto de reglas, prácticas y procesos [formales e informales] a través de los cuales las decisiones [para la gestión de los recursos y servicios hídricos] son tomada e implementadas, las partes interesadas expresan su interés y los tomadores de decisiones rinden cuantas.
La gobernabilidad del agua es el conjunto de reglas, prácticas y procesos [formales e informales] a través de los cuales las decisiones [para la gestión de los recursos y servicios hídricos] son tomada e implementadas, las partes interesadas expresan su interés y los tomadores de decisiones rinden cuentas.
Gobernanza del Agua
La gobernabilidad del agua es el conjunto de reglas, prácticas y procesos [formales e informales] a través de los cuales las decisiones [para la gestión de los recursos y servicios hídricos] son tomada e implementadas, las partes interesadas expresan su interés y los tomadores de decisiones rinden cuentas.
Gobernanza del Agua
Gobernanza del Agua
Modeler(s) Inform
Decision Maker(s)
Water Governance (Rules, Practices and Processes)
Social (Econ. & Political), Physical & Environ. Context
Need
+
Inst.
+
Stake
Holders
$$$
Ciclo de la Gobernanza del Agua
Principios de la Gobernanza del Agua
Ciclo de la Gobernanza del Agua
Diagnosticar y superar las brechas
CALIFORNIA OVERVIEW
* Hanak et al. (2011). “Managing California’s Water. From Conflict to Reconciliation” <http://watershed.ucdavis.edu/research/waterpolicy.html>
Water Supplies - Mostly in North - Mostly in Wet
Season
Water Demands - Mostly central and
South - Mostly in Dry
Season
Aqueducts, reservoirs, & groundwater use
GROUNDWATER ISSUES
https://sgma.water.ca.gov/webgis/?appid=SGMADataViewer
http://gis.water.ca.gov/app/groundwater
* Harter et al. (2012). “Addressing Nitrate inn California’s Drinking Water” <http://groundwaternitrate.ucdavis.edu/>
RED: ABOVE THE NITRATE MCL (45 mg/L) DARK RED: ABOVE TWICE THE NITRATE MCL (90 mg/L)
LAKE OROVILLE
What?
- 6 Avoid Undesirable Results
1) Reduction of GW storage
2) Chronic Lowering of GW Levels
3) Land Subsidence
4) Seawater Intrusion
5) Water Quality Degradation
6) Adverse impact on SW beneficial
uses
Water
Budget
Agency
(GSA)
Plan
(GSP)
How?
When?
Diagnosis
Targets &
strategies
Oblig. &
Respons. Jun/2017
Jan/2020
In between
Formation
Who?
La gobernabilidad del agua es el conjunto de reglas, prácticas y procesos [formales e informales] a través de los cuales las decisiones [para la gestión de los recursos y servicios hídricos] son tomada e implementadas, las partes interesadas expresan su interés y los tomadores de decisiones rinden cuantas.
Gobernanza del Agua
What?
- 6 Avoid Undesirable Results
1) Reduction of GW storage
2) Chronic Lowering of GW Levels
3) Land Subsidence
4) Seawater Intrusion
5) Water Quality degradation
6) Adverse impact on SW beneficial
uses
Water
Budget
Agency
(GSA)
Plan
(GSP)
How?
When?
Diagnosis
Targets &
strategies
Oblig. &
Respons. Jun/2017
Jan/2020
In between
Formation
Who? Water
Governance
(Rules,
Practices and
Processes)
Ciclo de la Gobernanza del
Agua
6 Undesirable Results GSA, GSP & Wat. Budget
SGMA Data Portal SGMA Data Viewer
GSA GSP Wat. Budget Timelines
Indicators
Benchmarks Minimum Thresholds
Mismatch of Area of influence
Indicators Benchmarks Min. Thresholds
SGMA Data Portal SGMA Data Viewer
GSA, DWR & SWRCB Public Meetings & Users as board members
Minutes & Broadcasting of Meetings
Surface Water Recycle Env. Flows
Proposition 1 & 10
Trainings
Local Governance
GW Basin
GSA DWR SWRCB Def. what is not
sustainable
Diagnosticar y superar las brechas Did not include upper watershed
Management
No long term finance
Missing GW/Planning models Few GW Monitoring Wells
CASE OF STUDY: UKIAH VALLEY
`
31
Area: 1,485 mi2(3,846 km2) Length: 110 mi (177 km) Reservoir: flood protection and water supply Coyote Valley Dam (1959) Lake Mendocino: 122,000 acre-feet Warm Springs Dam (1983) Lake Sonoma: 381,000 acre-feet
Ukiah Valley Groundwater Basin
Project Scope
• Objective: Develop a hydrologic characterization of the Ukiah Valley Groundwater Basin for groundwater management efforts.
• Deliverables: – Groundwater budget that captures the interactions
between water demands, water supply, and change in estimated groundwater storage with time
– Geodatabase with pertinent data
– Report summarizing results & findings
34
(1)Flores-Marquez M. (2017). Water budget for the Ukiah Valley groundwater basin. University of California, Davis. Davis. California.
(2)Flores Marquez, M., Sandoval-Solis, S., et al. (2017). Water Budget Development for SGMA Compliance, Case Study: Ukiah Valley Groundwater Basin. J. of Contemporary Water Research and Education.
Surface Water/Groundwater Conceptual Model
Ukiah Valley Water Demands1
36
Agricultural Water Demand
7,789 AF/y
Water for
Crops 6,635 AF/y
Frost, Post Harvest & Heat Protection
1,154 AF/y
Groundwater Supply
2,468 AF/y
Surface Water
Supply 5,321 AF/y
Private Water Right Holders 2,381 AF/y
Russian River Flood Control Dist.
2,940 AF/y
Municipal Water Demand
6,685 AF/y
Groundwater Supply 930 AF/y
Surface Water
Supply 5,755 AF/y
RRFC: 1,708 AF/y
City of Ukiah 897 AF/y
CCWD 33 AF/y
Private Water Right Holders
4,047 AF/y
Hopland Research and Extension Center University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (1) Flores-Marquez M. (2017). Water budget for the Ukiah Valley
groundwater basin. University of California, Davis. Davis. California.
GSA - Board Member
Hopland Research and Extension Center University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (1) Flores-Marquez M. (2017). Water budget for the Ukiah Valley
groundwater basin. University of California, Davis. Davis. California.
Groundwater Storage
38
0
40.000
80.000
120.000
160.000
May
-90
May
-91
May
-92
May
-93
May
-94
May
-95
May
-96
May
-97
May
-98
May
-99
May
-00
May
-01
May
-02
May
-03
May
-04
May
-05
May
-06
May
-07
May
-08
May
-09
May
-10
May
-11
May
-12
May
-13
May
-14
May
-15
Ap
r-1
6
Ap
r-1
7
GW
Sto
rage
(A
F)
• With change in season, there is a fluctuation of
groundwater storage, but overall the groundwater storage is stable
• There are some inconsistencies in the long term water table data, and some questionable data for some years (year 2003 & 2009)
Surface Water/Groundwater Interactions
39
Gaining River: November to June
-700
4.300
9.300
14.300
19.300
24.300
29.300
34.300
39.300
JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
Ave
rag
e G
ain
or
Lo
ss (
AF
)
Gain Loss
• There are SW-GW Interactions • The Russian River is a gaining river from Nov to Jun (+ 18,952 AF/year) https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth111/node/938
Tributary Stream Flow Tributary
Surface Water/Groundwater Interactions
40 Observation: Releases from Lake Mendocino may recharge the groundwater
-700
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
Ave
rag
e L
oss
(A
F)
Loss
• The Russian River is a losing river from July to Oct (-393 AF/year) https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth111/node/938
Tributary Stream Flow Tributary
Maritza Flores Marquez - Maritza.FloresMarquez@stantec.com Pablo Tomas Silva Jordan - psilva@tattersall.cl Samuel Sandoval – samsandoval@ucdavis.edu
Paulina Rojas - parojasr@ucdavis.edu
Academics: Jose Luis Arumi, Sebastian Vicuna, Francisco Meza, Diego Rivera, Samuel Ortega, Marcelo Olivares, Leticia Rojas, Mauricio Cañoles
Practitioners: Pablo Rengifo, Eugenio Celedon, Ignacio Popelka, Jose Luis Fuentes, Carmen Copier, Fernando Peralta Toro, Carlos Flores, Pablo Silva
45
QUESTIONS? http://watermanagement.ucdavis.edu Sam Sandoval: samsandoval@ucdavis.edu
Atmospheric Rivers
Mediterranean Climate
- Dry Summers - Wet Winters
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