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© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
GROUND MONITORINGUSING SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
GROUND MONITORINGUSING SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
Otto Koudelka, Peter Schrotter
Institute of Applied Systems Technology
Joanneum Research
Institute of Communication Networks and
Satellite Communications, TU Graz
koudelka@tugraz.at
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
CONTENTS
Communications Requirements
Systems
� One-way: GEONETCast
� Interactive (VSAT-type)
� Satellite phone technology for data collection, monitoring
Summary
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
REQUIREMENTS
Environmental data need to be collected
Delivery to processing centre & decision makers
Distribution of processed data to users & decisionmakers
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
REQUIREMENTS (2)
Space-based tools available, many of them free-of-charge
Access via Internet
In many areas suitable Internet access may not beavailable
Data collection in areas without telecominfrastructure
Wireless systems advantageous
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
802.20
Flash OFDM
802.11a802.11b
Zigbee
0.1 1 10 100 1000Data rate [Mbit/s]
short
range
indoor
local
area
metro-
politan
nation-
wide
inter-
contiental
G
S
M
3G
RFIDBluetooth
802.11nUWB
3.5 GHSPA
4G
3G LTE
SATELLITE/DVB
DECT
W
R
AN
WiMAX802.16
DISTANCEVERSUSBIT RATE
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSWide coverage (country, continent, inter-continental)
Broadcast capability
High data rates
Flexibility in network set-up
Mobility
Rapid deployment
Reliability
Economic solutions available
Systems for Internet access and (one-way) data dissemination existing
Source: ESA
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
DATA DATA
COLLECTIONCOLLECTION
Data CollectionCentre
Sensors
Data acqusition
Sensor
network
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INMARSAT
INMARSAT systems since 1979
� 4 generations of satellites
� 11 satellites operational (1 spare)
Main application: maritime, aeronautical, land-mobile communications
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
INMARSAT-4Spacecraft Power: 12 kW (DC)Solar arrays: 48 mMass: 6000 kg
EIRP: 67 dBW
1 global beam228 narrow spot beams19 wide spot beams630 channels (200 kHz each)
L-Band (1.5 – 1.6 GHz)
Source: INMARSAT
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
INMARSAT BGAN
Laptop-sized terminal
�1.6…1.8 kg
�30x24x4 cm
Up to 400 kbit/s data rate (two-way)
Wide coverage
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BGAN TERMINALBroadband Global Area Network
1) Integral antenna
2) Compass
3) SIM card
4)Battery
5) External power
6) USB
7) Indicators
8) Ethernet
Source: INMARSAT
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
IP Network
Circuit Switched Network
BGAN SERVICES
Voice & ISDN
PC /
Laptop
Switch Voice & ISDN
IP Router LAN
Earth Station
BGAN
terminal
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Digital Video Broadcast Standard DVB-S, -S2
Adopted nearly in all parts of the world (except US and Japan)
Any kind of digital data can be transferred
Multiplex of MPEG-II video/audio and IP packets
Low-cost hardware for about $ 50 available (PC card)
Plugs into existing PC or laptop
Dish + receiver front-end for another $ 50
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
SUPPORTED APPLICATIONS
S-2 standard provides more capacity and bettererror protection
Delivery of high quantities of data (multicast)
� Image transfer
� Data transfer
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GEONETCast
EUMETSAT service: EUMETCast
Contribution to GEONETCast
Transfer of processed environmental(meteorological) data to users
Using low-cost DVB technology
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
INTERACTIVE TERMINAL
ESA developments for interactive Terminals
Target price: $ 300
75 cm dish (TV type)
Ku-band
0.5…2 W transmitter
Data rates 128 kbit/s … 1 Mbit/s
Suitable for data collection
Transfer of content-rich data (remote sensing)
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
SATELLITE PHONE TECHNOLOGYGEO orbit: THURAYA
LEO orbit: GLOBALSTAR, IRIDIUM
Voice and data services
LEO store & forward: ORBCOMM
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
THURAYA SATPHONE
GSM-compatible
Can be used as terrestrial phone in reach of GSM network
In remote areas communications via satellite
9.6 kbit/s data services
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
THURAYA TERMINALS
Source: THURAYA
Voice, data THURAYA DSL: 144 kbit/s
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Laptopor
PDA
Satphone
Processing Centre
RemoteData
CollectionSite
DATACOLLECTION
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GLOBALSTAR
LEO constellation: 40 satellites
Coverage depending on terrestrial gateways
Satellite phone with datacapability (9.6 kbit/s)
Source: GLOBALSTAR
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
IRIDIUM
LEO constellation: 66 satellites
World-wide coverage
Voice & data
Data rates: 2.4 kbit/s (higher with compression)
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ORBCOMM
Store-and-forwardmessaging system
LEO constellation (29 satellites)
World-wide coverage
Not real-time
VHF band (137/148 MHz)
Serial data interface
Suitable for data collectionSource: ORBCOMM
© JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
SUMMARY
Satellite communications provides means for
� Data collection from sensors and sensor networks
� Data dissemination
Symmetrical and asymmetrical solutions
Provision of services in remote areas
Rapid deployment
Reliable systems
Affordable solutions available using DVB and stellite phone technology
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