Green Design AIU Apprenticeship Summary / Day 1 - Life cycle thinking / Day 2 - Life cycle numerics...

Green Design AIU Apprenticeship Summary

Day 1 - Life cycle thinking Day 2 - Life cycle numerics Day 3 - Energy & electricity Day 4 - Water Day 5 - Green structures

Bob Barker & The Barker Beauties

“Bob, Rod, & Beauties” Part II

Contestant’s AlleyContestant’s Alley

4 people2 from each team

Bidding on 2 items1 bid from each team for each item

WinnerClosest to price without going over

Can have $1 bid

4 people2 from each team

Can have $1 bid

Come on Down!!

The first item up for bid . . .

A New Washing Machine!

Whirlpool Top Loading Washer

Surgilator® agitator, so your entire load gets thoroughly cleaned

5 automatic cycles, 5 temperature options, and 2 water level selections give you the power to choose ideal garment care settings

SpillGuard™ top makes for hassle-free cleanup

Sound insulation package absorbs sound inside the washer to reduce unnecessary racket

Porcelain drum interior is built to hold heavy duty loads for the duration

Designed to match Whirlpool dryer models

Surgilator® agitator, so your entire load gets thoroughly cleaned

5 automatic cycles, 5 temperature options, and 2 water level selections give you the power to choose ideal garment care settings

SpillGuard™ top makes for hassle-free cleanup

Sound insulation package absorbs sound inside the washer to reduce unnecessary racket

Porcelain drum interior is built to hold heavy duty loads for the duration

Designed to match Whirlpool dryer models

The second item up for bid . . .

A New Washing Machine!

Whirlpool Front Loading Washer

ENERGY STAR® compliant

AccuWash™ temperature control system

Catalyst® cleaning action with

8 automatic cycles, 4 speeds and 3 temperature selections

Add-A-Garment

3-tray detergent, bleach and fabric softener dispenser accepts liquid in the pre-wash

Quiet Wash Plus noise reduction system

Delay wash feature Child lock helps keep little

hands safe Stainless-steel wash basket 3.3 ft3

ENERGY STAR® compliant

AccuWash™ temperature control system

Catalyst® cleaning action with

8 automatic cycles, 4 speeds and 3 temperature selections

Add-A-Garment

3-tray detergent, bleach and fabric softener dispenser accepts liquid in the pre-wash

Quiet Wash Plus noise reduction system

Delay wash feature Child lock helps keep little

hands safe Stainless-steel wash basket 3.3 ft3

Top Loading Washer

Front LoadingFront Loading Washer Washer

And And the the

Actual Actual Retail Retail

Price IsPrice Is

. . . .. . . .

Top Loading Washer

$300$300

Top Loading Top Loading

Front LoadingFront Loading WasherWasher

$300$300

Front LoadingFront Loading

$300$300

$1,000$1,000

Which Washer to Buy?Which Washer to Buy?

CostOften single attribute that dominates

Influenced by manufacturers’ claims ?

What else should you consider?

CostOften single attribute that dominates

Influenced by manufacturers’ claims ?

What else should you consider?

Washer Water UseWasher Water Use

Don’t Pour on the Floor!Don’t Pour on the Floor!

2 contestants 2 contestants

How much water does a washer How much water does a washer use per load?use per load?

Top loading washerTop loading washer Front loading washerFront loading washer

Pour into container until you reach Pour into container until you reach correct amountcorrect amount

Each cup = 2 gallonsEach cup = 2 gallons

Winner is closest without going Winner is closest without going overover

Top LoadingTop Loading

Team ATeam A

Team BTeam B

How How many many

gallons gallons of water of water per loadper load

??????

Who is Closest?Who is Closest?

And the And the answer answer is . . .is . . .

How How many many

??????

Top LoadingTop Loading37 gallons37 gallons

How How many many

??????

37 gallons37 gallons

How How many many

??????

How How many many

??????

Which Washer to Buy?Which Washer to Buy?

CostCost Manufacturers’ claims ?Manufacturers’ claims ?

Water ConsumptionWater Consumption Cost of waterCost of water

• ~$0.007 / gallon~$0.007 / gallon Volume consumedVolume consumed Implications for energy useImplications for energy use

• Heating waterHeating water

Electricity

It’s Electric(Boogie Woogie Woogie)

2 contestants

How much does electricity cost? Put generation types in order from highest to lowest cost

Once ordered, estimate price of high and low type ¢/kWh

kWh = 1 kW * 1 hr

Rank from Highest to Lowest Price

CoalHydro

NuclearNatural Gas

Rank from Highest to Lowest Price

CoalHydro

NuclearNatural Gas

Average U.S. Electricity Price: 7.32 ¢/kWh

And the answer is . . .

Solar Nuclear Wind Natural Gas Coal Hydro

Answer

Solar Nuclear Wind Natural Gas Coal Hydro

Answer

25.0013.50 6.00 5.50 4.50 1.25

¢ / kWh

Electricity Discussion Externalities factoring into cost

Transmission Infrastructure Fuel

Average cost to produce = 7.32 ¢/kWh Average cost to buy 5.5 ¢/kWh

Top loading washer uses 1.36 kWh / cycle

Emissions

Emissions from Electricity Generation

Mission: Emissions

2 contestants

How much CO2 do the various generation types produce?

Put them in order from highest to lowest CO2 emissions

Once ordered, give emission of high and low type

Tons of CO2 / GWh

Rank from Highest to Lowest Emissions

Nuclear

Natural Gas

Rank from Highest to Lowest Emissions

Nuclear

Natural Gas

SolarAverage = 450 tons COAverage = 450 tons CO22/GWh/GWh

(0.9 lbs CO(0.9 lbs CO22/kWh)/kWh)

Answer

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Answer (tons CO2 / GWh)

Coal 1,100 tons/GWh

Natural Gas 440 tons/GWh

Solar 100 tons/GWh

Wind 100 tons/GWh

Hydro 10 tons/GWh

Nuclear 0 tons/GWh

Solar and Wind assumes backup by Natural Gas for 20%

Other Air EmissionsEmissions (tons / GWh)

Average

Coal Plant

Average Natural

Gas Plant

Wind and Solar (Assuming 20%

natural gas backup)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1,100.0 440.0 100.00

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 6.7 0.3 0.05

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 3.4 0.6 0.02

Particulate Matter (PM) 9.1 0.1

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 0.2

Hydrocarbons 0.2

Bergerson, J. and Lave, L. Carnegie Mellon University, 2002

Not all pollutants are equal…Estimated External Costs

($/ton of air emissions)

Minimum Mean Maximum

Global Warming Potential (in CO2 equiv)

$ 2 $ 13$ 13 $ 23

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) $ 220 $ 2,800$ 2,800 $ 9,500

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) $ 770 $ 2,000$ 2,000 $ 4,700

Particulate Matter (PM10) $ 950 $ 4,300$ 4,300 $ 16,200

Carbon Monoxide (CO) $ 1 $ 520$ 520 $ 1,050

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

$ 160 $ 1,600$ 1,600 $ 4,400

Matthews, S. and Lave, L. Carnegie Mellon University, 2000

Emissions Costing Discussion

Sometimes it’s good to look at emissions separately

Can match health effects to emissions

Valuation of externalitiesGets everything into the same unit

Easy way to compare

Monetizing externalitiesDifficult Can be controversial

Which Washer to Buy?

CostManufacturer’s claimsWaterElectricity / Energy

CostTo run machine & heat waterAmount consumedEmissions

Who pays for it?

Other issues?

2 contestants

Can have $1 bid

2 contestants

Can have $1 bid

Rebid on washers

Consider life cycle costs

Rebid on washers

Consider life cycle costs

Top Loading Washer

Important Considerations

Important Considerations Assuming usage by a family of 4

Washer lifetime (DOE)12 years

Loads of laundry per week?8 for top loader4 for front loader

IncludeRetail price of washerCost of waterCost of electricityCost of CO2 emissions

Assuming usage by a family of 4

Washer lifetime (DOE)12 years

Loads of laundry per week?8 for top loader4 for front loader

IncludeRetail price of washerCost of waterCost of electricityCost of CO2 emissions

Top Loading Washer

And And the the

Actual Actual Life Life

Cycle Cycle Cost IsCost Is

. . . .. . . .

Top Loading Washer

$2,005$2,005

Front LoadingFront Loading WasherWasher

$2,005$2,005

$1,415$1,415

Life Cycle Cost Breakdown

COSTTop

Loading

Front Loading

Purchase $ 300

$ 1,000

Water $ 1,293

Electricity $ 372

Emissions $ 40

TOTAL $ 2,005

$ 1,415

# of Loads 4,992 2,496

Which Washer to Buy?Which Washer to Buy? Initial Cost Manufacturer’s claims Water Electricity / Energy Social Cost Decision-making must consider many thingsLife cycle perspective involves tradeoffs

Upfront $ vs. long term resource usage

Initial Cost Manufacturer’s claims Water Electricity / Energy Social Cost Decision-making must consider many thingsLife cycle perspective involves tradeoffs

Upfront $ vs. long term resource usage

Showcase Showdown!Showcase Showdown!

Showcase Showdown Rules

Two showcases

Showcase 1: Team B

Showcase 2: Team A

How to formulate your bid

Closest bidder wins

Two showcases

Showcase 1: Team B

Showcase 2: Team A

How to formulate your bid

Closest bidder wins

Showcase LayoutShowcase Layout

Two showcases Showcase 1: Team B

Showcase 2: Team A

Two bidsAnnual costCO2 emissions (lbs)

Two showcases Showcase 1: Team B

Showcase 2: Team A

Two bidsAnnual costCO2 emissions (lbs)

Showcase 1Showcase 1

Showcase 1: CaseyShowcase 1: Casey

Showcase 1: Casey

Showcase 1: CaseyShowcase 1: Casey

Showcase 2Showcase 2

Showcase 1: JamieShowcase 1: Jamie

Showcase SummaryShowcase SummaryShowcase 1 Showcase 2

Casey Jamie

House Size 1,900 ft2 1,300 ft2

Year Built 1970 1900

Average Appliance Age 5 15

Washer Front Loading Top Loading

Distance to Downtown 15 miles 5 miles

Transport Bus Personal Car

How to BidHow to Bid

Estimate annual living expenses

Estimate annual transport expenses

Estimate associated CO2 emissions for both

Estimate annual living expenses

Estimate annual transport expenses

Important Considerations

Important Considerations Estimate annual living expenses

Assume house is owned Electricity Natural Gas

Estimate annual transport expenses Personal vehicle

Fuel costVehicle costInsuranceMaintenance

Bus Fare

Estimate annual living expenses Assume house is owned Electricity Natural Gas

Estimate annual transport expenses Personal vehicle

Fuel costVehicle costInsuranceMaintenance

Bus Fare

Showcase BidShowcase BidShowcase 1 Showcase 2

Casey Jamie

CO2 (lbs)

Annual cost and CO2 (lbs) estimateAnnual cost and CO2 (lbs) estimate

Casey Jamie

Cost $ 3,270

$ 3,560

CO2 (lbs)

Casey Jamie

Cost $ 3,270

$ 3,560

CO2 (lbs) 10,900 7,500

Annual Usage BreakdownAnnual Usage Breakdown

Casey Jamie

Electricity (kWh)

7,700 3,500

Natural Gas (MCF)

Travel264

gallons1 bus pass

Annual Cost BreakdownAnnual Cost Breakdown

Casey Jamie

Electricity $ 916

Natural Gas $ 1,529

Travel $ 825

$ 2,220

TOTAL $ 3,270

$ 3,564

Annual CO2 Emissions Breakdown (lbs)

Casey Jamie

Electricity 6,949 3,167

Natural Gas 3,855 2,445

Travel 122 1,892

TOTAL 10,926 7,504

DiscussionDiscussion

What other lifestyle choices might affect your economic and environmental impacts?

DiscussionDiscussion

DietVegetarian?Local?Organic?

Non-work transportLeisure activitiesWhere you shop

Online vs. in store

DietVegetarian?Local?Organic?

Non-work transportLeisure activitiesWhere you shop

Online vs. in store

Thanks for playing!Thanks for playing!

What next?What next? What is your role in green design?

Career as engineer/researcher/policy maker? Everyday life

Many complex problems to solve Nanotechnology, genetically modified organisms, cloning, biowarfare

Technology, economics, policy, social perspectives, cultural differences

Essential to consider entire life cycle Resources: materials, water, energy Impacts: environment, health

What is your role in green design? Career as engineer/researcher/policy maker? Everyday life

Many complex problems to solve Nanotechnology, genetically modified organisms, cloning, biowarfare

Technology, economics, policy, social perspectives, cultural differences

Essential to consider entire life cycle Resources: materials, water, energy Impacts: environment, health

What next?What next?Answer four questions

Encourage classmates and teachers to apply to next year’s program

Fill out the evaluation form they send you in the mail.

Thanks for coming!

Answer four questions

Encourage classmates and teachers to apply to next year’s program

Fill out the evaluation form they send you in the mail.

Thanks for coming!

PIR NametagPIR Nametag

Green Design AIU Apprenticeship Summary / Day 1 - Life cycle thinking / Day 2 - Life cycle numerics...

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