Greek Style of Civilization

GREEK STYLE OF CIVILIZATION

1. Why did the Neolithic farmers produced high civilization in Greece? What happened to them?

2. Minoan civilization influence on inhabitants of the Greek mainland

3. Mycenae - Civilization based on piracy – issues of survival according to McNeil?

4. Dark Ages in Greece and the return of civilized ways?

WARM UP

ANCIENT GREECE

EARLY GREECE: THE PEOPLING

Mycenae

THE DARK AGESDorian invaders and Iron and the return of civilized ways

ARISTOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

Rich/poor/armed fighters?Debtor trap….Tribal society

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF SETTLING

Evolution of Clan power at expense of Kings At first they moved around so… Eventually, settle down so…

NOBLE COUNCILS

Councils of

nobles rise

Less need to mobilizeAll fighters

Families scattered – by clan

Power of king weakened

Members ofAristocratic Council appointedTo handle public Affairs for a set time

Kingship itselfSometimes appoin-TiveAuthority in hands ofTemporary appointees

Backed up by economicpower

IMPACT OF NEW MILITARY TACTICS

Aristocratic dominance in Government and power plusHorses =???

Greek bible? Lessons taughtHomeric gods and Greek philosophy?

IONIAN EXAMPLEHTTP: / /WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=YES8NMJHNH0

THE POLIS

Why Ionia?

Model of the warBand, but…

Where did the Dorian/Indo-European invaders come form? Why do we guess did the leave?

Why aristocratic governments?What was law to the ancient Greeks?Homer was to the Greeks, what the bible was to the

Hebrews. Explain.Philosophy was to the Greeks what ethical

monotheism was to the people of the Middle East. Explain…

INTERNAL REVIEW

Comparison to the HebrewsGood laws600 BC

Caught up with Ionia560 – Ionian cities fall to Croesus, King of Persia.

THE ROLE OF LAW…

THE HOPLITE PHALANX

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx_formation

The social and politicalConsequences of the polis

Reversal of the Calvary revol-ution….

The polis as an extension of each individual citizenThe demands it madeSelf-confidenceManners/mores of the Polis

Too rich? Personal display Rich as patrons of the city / not self-indulgent Personal participation

Idoiote The phalanx etc. MALE citizens – except Sparta

Women, foreigners and slaves.

SPIRIT OF THE POLIS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQUYwDi08v4http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=auLhL-6dk4Q&feature=related

@ 3:56Handouts – Your assignment –Make the case that it

was Sparta rather than Athens was the ideal Greek city state.

ATHENS V SPARTA

Where did the Indo-Euoprean/ Dorians invaders come from? What guesses as to why?

To the Greeks where did law come from?Homer was to the Greeks what the Bible was to the

Hebrews. Explain.Philosophy was to the Greeks what ethical

monotheism was to the people of the middle east. Explain.

INTERNAL REVIEW

COLONIES, TRADE AND TYRANTS

The problem of rapid population growthResponses:

Pisistratus in Athens – the NEW politics of mass direct democracy Tyrants and redistribution of land

Colonization Trade

Different from Middle East Farmers had beneficial stake in market exchanges Small land owning class except Sparta The Ideal?

TYRANTS, COLONIES AND TRADE

THE GREEKS CONTAINED

Trade in oil and wine – export – Movement overseas to new colonies – down why? Suitable costal land?

Carthaginians, Etruscans = northern Italy 535 Asia Minor – conquest by Lydia and then by Persia Loss of Dardanelles – no access to Black Sea

Need for labor to help in export trade In active seacoast towns = merchants, artisans, and sailors

= numerous and politically important Alter class divisions between rich and poor - used to be

ownership of land

THE DECLINE OF COLONIZATION

New social classes had impact in Athens toward democracy

Athenian Fleet Shortly after 500 BCE, naval phalanx? Empire 480 BCE – Defeat Persia Rowers = political power

Shift of power to poorer citizens Collective sense of worth, power dignity

DEVELOPMENT TOWARD DEMOCRACY

Athens is different = shift of power to property less

Other cities = no , except when forced to do by Athens Others = only well to do who could buy weapons and amour

Athenian Democracy deeply impressive Could attend assembly and vote Served on governing committee of 50 Chosen by lot for 1 month terms

Lasted until 431 BCE ( war with Sparta)Limits of Athenian democracy

Slavery Horror of the silver mines @ Laurium.

SPECIAL CASE OF ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY