GREEK-LATIN CLINICAL TERMS

• Introductory information.

• Prefixes.

• Stems and suffixes.

Content

Introductory information

• Latin Medical Terminology (LMT) is based on two languages: Latin and Greek.

• Latin provides the LMT with vocabulary (above all anatomical one) and extensive grammar (declensions etc.).

• Greek offers a bit of grammar and an extensive set of Greek prefixes, stems, and suffixes.

Introductory information 2

• The fundamental difference between the Latin and Greek lies in the way how they connect words together.

• Latin prefers linking single independent words using grammatical features like Gen. case and adjectival modifier/attribute.

• Greek on the other hand has a great ability to merge words together to create complex one-word expressions.

Compare:

Latin Greek

tumor musculi

inflammatio venarum

dolor capitis

inflammatio renum

excisio uteri

phlebitis

cephalalgia

nephritis

hysterectomia

• Greek expressions have following advantages:

• They are usually shorter.

• They could consist of several parts (i.e. cheilognatopalatoschisis). This allows us to describe a particular pathology or situation very precisely.

• They use usually very simple grammar. Endings of Greek expressions are latinized and adopt form of the 1st, 2nd and sometime also basis paradigm (3rd decl. of Greek origin).

• Composite Greek medical terms consist of three main parts:

• Prefix (not necessary).

• Stem (there could be several stems linked together).

• Ending (ending could be of Greek origin, but it always adopts a Latin grammatical form).

Structure of Greek clinical terms

Demonstration

l e u c o e n c e p h a l o p a t h i a

white unspecified disease

headin(side)

unspecified disease of white brain substance

Prefixes

• Greek prefixes are in the textbook on pages 159 - 160. The list contains also Latin synonyms and examples.

• Pay attention to Greek/Latin pairs with the same meaning (example: in-/endo-, extra-/exo-, hyper-/supra-).

Stems and endings

• Greek stems are in the textbook scattered across several chapters. For a concise list see the file vocabulary.pdf available through the website.

• A selection of endings is also provided in the textbook and the file vocabulary.pdf.

GREEK-LATIN CLINICAL TERMS

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