View
7
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
��:
• ������� �������• ����������������� �!"#�$%���
• �����&'�()���• �����*+��,-.��/0#�$%���
Great Ape Trust*12���"�34�567897:;7 �<=�>?�
�@��A��BC�DEF��
GH
• �����IJK*LFE�MN4OP�QR� S�F�
• T0U34�VW�!"XY�$%���FZ[�\]^_O��
• `ab/0*c2E�d ef\���4�ghWL,-.��ij����
��k
• lmn\io�• ���_pq\*rs���• ���4tu��v.wx.3O��• yz��{|��• ��4�}~\��WS��\���O�F4�����D��3O��
����.�����
• :;�~• ���• ��p�d�• ��XY�6*����}
����.��*12�:;�~���@
Kristina WalkupRobert Shumaker
Jill Pruetz
:; ¡*+�����@
• Povinelli, Reaux, and Theall (2000) *¢�“�£F:;”¤¥�
• ¦§¨©�S��v�ª.����D���34«¬\��_®¯°±��
:; ¡*+�����@
• ²��34�3³´����.��*µ¶·.¸�v¹º»3¼�½��:;_1¾¿wÀ°±��
• Á±Â±ÃÄ�ÅÆ*4�“�£F:;”�“ÇÈ�:;”_ÉP±EF��
• ¤¥�ÊË���Ì*4“ÇÈ�:;”�~F�RE4�S�F�
�
• �ÍE����.��4ÎÏBWSÐDF:;��@DEF��
• 3³´Ñ2³´*1FE4`Ò�ÓÔ_�WÕ��• A±S�4����.��_���@*Ö×K Ø�:; ¡��@DEF��FZA��Ù��
Walkup, K., Shumaker, R.W., Pruetz, J. (under review)
ÚÛKܤ¥
• “ÚÛKÜ”¤¥��ÝFE����.�����@�°S*ÞßD��
• A��4àUá��âÏ�Á±S�ãäD��3O��
• Visalberghi, E., & Limongelli, L. (1994)• Limongelli, L., Boysen, S. T., & Visalberghi, E. (1995) • Povinelli, D. J. (2000)
• Mulcahy, N., & Call, J. (2006)
����.��*¢����
���:
• å�æ. (2000), ç�è� (1960, 1961), ������é¿��ê.� (1993)S4Fë±�¢�QFìZ�íîD�#�*Ð@�D��
• �¹¾�S4 (1995, 1996, 1999)4¢�ï�FìZ�íðñ�K*Ð@�D��
�¹¾��ò��¸w�, (1995):
• ����óê(����v�ª.)4³ôõZö÷�ø¨.2ùWS`ú�íû�RE4�S�F��4Á±Â±1ü6³ZÝFë±W3OÕ��
• íðñìZö÷�ø¨.34�R�íû�WÕ�ìZ��Sý�(þ�g6���3OÕ���R�Fú�íÍûQFìZ_�Sý�)�
�¹¾�S, (1996)
• 5³´��v�ª._��¤¥3�¸w°±���ü³�ÍEÃÄ�ÅÆ_�ű��
• ´��D�Ê�4 ��3OÕ��
�¹¾� (1999)|�k
• “ö÷�ø¨.�~F��K�FÊ�4��R°ðO��FZ��Ì ¡��Á±*�����*¢��ñ�@�3K��”
����.��*¢����:��.ç.�.S(2001)
• �¹¾�_��v�ª.���*�Õ�¤¥�~F��
• 2³´����.����¹ª.�¹��._��*rsD��
�}��
• �ÝS³´��Ì4� �íî���FZgF!"#c��Æ��
• �¹ª. 73% ¹��. 82%
�¹ª.Ê�
0
20
40
60
80
1001 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
sessions
% c
orre
ct
¹��.Ê�
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21sessions
% c
orre
c2008$����¤¥%&
• ��Î$à'�QRìW¼�����_�¸w°±��
• ()�D�F*�4�Ê�4�FPP3OÕ��
• A¤¥4�+,-h��¸w���ñ�.ý±��
2008$����¤¥%&
• %&�¹ª.�ÁDE3³´/���4³´�0�_��*rsD��
• ()Ï4�Å�WÕ��• 2001$�¹ª.Ê�4 1��ñÕ�ñ£ZW2
• d \*3)°±��0��/��(��4�4�F)4�Z56Zñ£ZW2
2008$����¤¥%&
• 7³´ZÝ��¹ª.Ä_8FÊ���Æ�• ()Ï4ÕEF�F�• d ¤¥4�V9�³´�� *�:ê��.ª_O�Å234�F¢Zñ�
�¹ª. �$Ê�
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
# correct
sess
ion
@;
• “< �íî=ï�FìZ�í>?”�DEF�W�@WÌ�ñ23�R�Á�K�K����AB�}�ÞßD��
• AB�}�4�CD\*EF*ABDE����=< íî¶!"#c��?*GÕE�}��A��¬HD�=1¾¿�I� �Ï*1FE8Ï?�
• A@;4�Á±Â±³´_�¢Z����ÕEF�W�JÍ��Ì*~FS±��
���%&
�DAB�} KÏàL
rs³´ ¼MN< íî !"#c �KFú�íî O°Fú�íîAZY (2001) Orangutan 76.30 9 0 12AZY (2008) 78.81 4 0 11INDAH (2001) Orangutan 68.33 8 0 5BARAKA Gorilla 44.52 10 0 0HOLOKO Gorilla 40.48 10 0 0MOPIE Gorilla 43.81 15 1 0ELIKYA Bonobo 36.43 7 2 0KANZI Bonobo 38.57 12 3 0MATATA Bonobo 32.62 10 6 0PANBANISHA Bonobo 38.57 10 3 0
.P
• �ÍE³´4QSW��\��}�ÄÆ��• ¤¥Ê�4³´*¢��KR½�Õ��• RSW*A±4p�+,Ä�Ä��¸w34�F�• < ��}����Ì*4SPfT_U|�34�Fñ£ZW�
• �¹ª.�¹��._�Æ�8FÊ�4¶4�V�34�F¢Zñ�
Shumaker, R., Swartz, K., Kasperbauer, T., Fields, W. (in prep.)
W�XY�~F����
�x �¸
Z.��f
���
• ���.������D����¤¥*1FE�[Í�34�RW�\�XY�~F�4�1ÁSRA±_�ÌE��3O£Z�
• �¹ª.���._��*rsD��• �¹ª.*�ÕE4“þ�íÍûÐ@”þ_Ð@����
���
• [Í\P�4W�\�XY�ÝS*�DE���¹ª.4Ð@*ÁDE]^*�}D��
• �_Ò]^*`�PZA�_3K�W�aKBKÞßÑ3O��
��p�d�
Masako Myowa-YamakoshiHirata Satoshi
Robert ShumakerKaryl Swartz
��p�d� (MSR)
• ������ÍE¼4��*bÕ�pc�d���A�_3K�� S±EF��
• DWD��ÍE³´_MSR�Ù�Å234�F�• dø�e�*�FDE4�¢Z*�}��ñ£ZW�
• dø���fe�g*0.5h�1h�2h�i±_!���K*4�Z�}��ñ£ZW2
��p�d�
• ²��34j²����k�DE���)Ì�lmSDFn�����
• °S��o��p.�I�q-��zrDEFP��
T0U*12�st
BC:
• ²uv*����.��_w���*O���xDFv.wx.yz�FÕ���XY�6_{S!"*!���A±S*�������.���}�JÍ��Ì*��|C�!�|C�D}��º~ªó�w_2003$¢���°±��
��Aw�¿��W2
• ������W3������.��4�p������ÕEF��
• ����.��4OP���\3�R��}��DR �*�ÕEF��FZ#�_��D��
• ��v�ª.*+DE4�R°ð�®_O�_�����.��4OP���°±E1Së�¢R S±EF�F�
úo2
• j�¹�����I��W3�T0�����_Á�Ò����D��
• �j=O�F4ì��j?��³´���º�_��°±��
• �³´*12���¹�¹ò�w*�}D��o����pò���\���@;_ÏÄS±��
�?
• �P°±����\����g*�+_dÌS±��
• ����.��4�1�£Rì�����*ñ°�FA�_O���}_���A�_O��
• {|� 4���\+¡_����.��p¢*��×FE£¤°±��FZA�ñ
• ¥w _¦2�§�4��4����.��p¢�¦��¨c�eDEF�WÕ�q-�_O��
á5©
• lmn\io4�XY���¿�ç�w¶T0ª^«��£¤���Ì*~FS±�A�_QWÕ��
(p¹�å�w, 1992)
• ¬$34¥¥!³´®���*�{S��+¡¶Á±*����¦�������Ì*~FS±�A��O��
(Crockford et al., 2008; Bergman et al., 2005; Abbott et al., 2003; Goymann, 2003; Beehner, 2005)
• �-.�¾¹�¯.¸*¢�¥¥°±Lf
²³���
• ��XY�6*����¥¥VW��¦�_RSW*°±��P�Á±S4´*µ¶�·ý��3OÕ��
• “��XY�6” �Á±Á�ñ23�ñÝ*¸wp¸�&LRÅ234�F¢Zñ�
• ¸¹¶º»2• ��\�¼!2
q|�|�:
• ½��¾¿*1FE�A±WSpc*�*_5�WW�Wµ}3K�A��Á±S�o�w~.�3K�A�_¸wp¸�Àï°Æ��(Crockford et al., 2008)
• ½�WSÁÂ_¦2S±�F�¸wp¸4Ãs�� Ä¢KÅ���_{|ñ=Æ4��P°�?�(Abbott et al, 2003)
• ��\�ÇÈh�ÓZA�¶�ÉW�Ê�ÓZA�4¸wp¸�Ãs°Æ�� (Crockford et al., 2008)
• ½��+¡�ËLL3�ÇÈ���LA���Ì*�½�FÍ��ñDRÎÄ��-h�{|3O��=Crockford et al., 2008)
�:Ï0.d
Knobi (complete data)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
19-Jan 8-Feb 28-Feb 20-Mar 9-Apr 29-Apr 19-May 8-Jun 28-Jun
Dates
Uni
nary
Cor
tisol
(pg
�: �¹ª.
0500010000150002000025000300003500040000
1/31/2003
2/7/2003
2/14/2003
2/21/2003
2/28/2003
3/7/2003
3/14/2003
3/21/2003
3/28/2003
4/4/2003
4/11/2003
4/18/2003
4/25/2003
5/2/2003
5/9/2003
5/16/2003
5/23/2003
5/30/2003
AZY
Uri
nar
y Cort
isol (p
g/
Knobi (complete data)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
19-Jan 8-Feb 28-Feb 20-Mar 9-Apr 29-Apr 19-May 8-Jun 28-Jun
Dates
Uni
nary
Cor
tisol
(pg
0500010000150002000025000300003500040000
1/31/2003
2/7/2003
2/14/2003
2/21/2003
2/28/2003
3/7/2003
3/14/2003
3/21/2003
3/28/2003
4/4/2003
4/11/2003
4/18/2003
4/25/2003
5/2/2003
5/9/2003
5/16/2003
5/23/2003
5/30/2003
AZY
Uri
nary
Cort
isol (p
g/
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
19-Jan 8-Feb 28-Feb 20-Mar 9-Apr 29-Apr 19-May 8-Jun 28-Jun
Cor
tisol
(pg/
m
KnobiAzy
q|�|�: �¹ª.�Ï0.d�Ð�F• pc*Q_1A�Wµ}3K��Á±�pc3�ýS±�
Ä¢R�Õ�
• ½�WSÁÂÑÒ4¸wp¸�Ãs��=¢KÅU|�? Ä�6�D
• ��\�ÇÈh7½��ÊÓÓ Ä�6�D
• ½�FÍ��ñDRÎÄ��-h�O�F4½���Ô¾Õ3qyÖ�×� Ä�R�Õ�
0500010000150002000025000300003500040000
1/31/2003
2/7/2003
2/14/2003
2/21/2003
2/28/2003
3/7/2003
3/14/2003
3/21/2003
3/28/2003
4/4/2003
4/11/2003
4/18/2003
4/25/2003
5/2/2003
5/9/2003
5/16/2003
5/23/2003
5/30/2003
AZY
Urinary Cortisol (p
g/
q|�|�:Ï0.d� �¹ª.�Ð�F• pc*Q_1A�Wµ}3K��Á±�pc3�ýS±�
�R��
• ½�WSÁÂÑÒ4¸wp¸�Ãs��=¢KÅU|�?
ÄOP�ÁÂ4�F
• ��\�ÇÈh7½��ÊÓÓ ÄÇÈh4ï�F
• ½�FÍ��ñDRÎÄ��-h�O�F4½���Ô¾Õ3qyÖ�×� Ä�R�Õ�
Knobi (complete data)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
19-Jan 8-Feb 28-Feb 20-Mar 9-Apr 29-Apr 19-May 8-Jun 28-Jun
Dates
Uni
nary
Cor
tisol
(pg
• pc*Q_1A�Wµ}3K��Á±�pc3�ýS±�
Ä¢R�Õ�
• ½�WSÁÂÑÒ4¸wp¸�Ãs��=¢KÅU|�?
Ä¢R�Õ�
• ��\�ÇÈh7½��ÊÓÓ
ÄØÙ°±�
• ½�FÍ��ñDRÎÄ��-h�O�F4½���Ô¾Õ3qyÖ�×�
Äl�*¢R�Õ�
~Ú�Ï0.d�Ð�F
�
• ��\�Ð?Û4�ÜÝ�P°±��WS4OP�ÇÈ_�F¢Z*�ý�W�D±�F�DWD�����.��st��*�K�ÇÈ�ÞýEF�q-�_O��
• ����.��4�g�ß*k!���O�F4�¼3O��Ä��Å234�F�
• �g4���\*56Z��DEd�°±��• ����.��4½��+¡*LFE{S�pF�¶zr��L�Á±4à*áúc\��ñ�
°S*…
• ¥¥O�F4�g��Ì*�����.��4¢KÅ����ý��
• ¸wp¸¦2EF��K�����.��*�ÕEÅ��4�E�â{���3O���i_�3O£Z�����.��3O£Z�+¡�F�
Recommended