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Anubis weighs the heart of the dead
with the feather of justice and Thoth
records, as god of Wisdom, the
result.
Sobek is watching
Gods
Anubis wears the funereal mask to the dead
Anubis and Thoth
Life after death: Judgment
Anubis weighs the heart of the dead with the feather of justice and Thoth records,
as god of Wisdom, the result.
Truth Heart/soul
Pharaohs, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CROWNS
Kings usually were depicted wearing the striped head cloth, a false beard, and an elaborate kilt, a staff, scepters.
THE WHITE CROWN;
UPPER EGYPT
THE RED CROWN:
LOWER EGYPT
the Double Crown
Pharaohs, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CROWNS
Atef Crown
was worn during
religious rituals.
Blue Crown is a
military helmet and is
often worn during
battles and hunting
Royal Uraeus
(φίδι), or sacred
serpent crown.
Hemhem Crown, or
the triple Atef
crown , a very
elaborate form of
the Atef crown.
Royal Vulture
offers protection.
It represented the
goddess Nekhbet,
the goddess of
childbirth,
mothers and
children.
The head of a typical Egyptian figure is seen
from the side, but the eye and body are seen from
the front.
Figures are usually shown wearing a traditional
crown or headdress and a pectoral (θωρακικό)
decoration across the shoulders and chest.
Pharaoh depicted with the double crown of upper and lower Egypt.
The cobra protected
the pharaoh by
spitting fire at his
enemies.
Regalia the symbols of supreme power,
the flail and crook.
the Uraeus (κόμπρα)
The pharaoh was recognized only by wearing the Uraeus, which conveyed legitimacy to the ruler.
The crook is used by shepherds to catch their
sheep. The flail is used in threshing, to
separate the grains from the outer husks.
Pharaoh and his wife
The ancient Egyptian pharaohs built temples and put up huge stone statues.
Statue of the pharaoh Menkaura and his consort Queen Khamerernebty II. Originally from his Giza Valley temple, now on display at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
The left foot in front of the right one shows power.
18η Δυναστεία: Χατσεψούτ: 1501-1480
Large granite sphinx.
The pharaoh
Hatshepsut, depicted
with the traditional
false beard, a symbol
of her pharaonic
power—Metropolitan
Museum of Art
18th Dynasty
Αμενχοτέπ 4΄ ή Ακενατόν ή Εχνατόν (1353-1336)
Τελλ-ελ-Αμάρνα
Μονοθεϊσμός
Ατόν
Nefertiti
Amenofis 4th Amenofis 4th changed his name in Echnaton
and with assistant of his wife Nefertiti dared
to create the first monotheistic religion,
without icons.
Aton, the god, is depicted as solar disk
whose rays end in palms symbolizing the gift
of life.
Ramesses II and god Horus.
Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt
Ramesses’ wife,
Nefertari
Ramesses II was the pharaoh
who ruled for sixty-seven years
and put up more statues of
himself than any other pharaoh.
Ramesses II
Καμβύσης, Δαρείος Α-Β, Ξέρξης Α-Β-Γ , Αρταξέρξης Α-Β-Γ,
Δαρείος Γ΄(Κοδομανός).
Καμβύσης Β΄ Δαρείος Α΄
(νικήθηκε:
Μαραθώνας)
Ξέρξης Α΄
(νικήθηκε :
Θερμοπύλες,
Σαλαμίνα,
Πλαταιές)
Δαρείος Γ΄΄(Κοδομανός)
Νικήθηκε
από τον Μ. Αλέξανδρο
(Ισσός, 333 π.Χ.) .
Greece:
Αχαϊκή εποχή-
Περσικοί πόλεμοι (490-479 π.Χ.)
Κλασσική εποχή
Persians in Egypt: 663-332 BC
The Greeks: 332 BC Alexander the Great
The city of Alexandria was
founded.
323: Ο Αλέξανδρος πεθαίνει και
αναλαμβάνει την διακυβέρνηση
της Αιγύπτου ο στρατηγός του
Πτολεμαίος.
The Greeks: Hellenistic years : Ptolemy
Silver tetradrachmo with representation of Ptolemy A'
of Savior, founder of dynasty of Ptolemy. 305-283 π.Χ.
Βερενίκη Α΄ Golden pentadrachmo Ptolemy A΄
305-31 π. Χ.
Abu Simbel temples: Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th c. BC
Great Temple of Ramesses II (left) and Small Temple of Nefertari (right)
Abu
Simbel
temples:
relocation
.
A scale model showing the original location of the 13th century BCE Abu Simbel temples, the
complex was relocated in 1968, on an artificial hill, high above the Aswan High Dam reservoir. The
photo was taken at the Nubian Museum, Aswan, Egypt.
On October 22 and February 22, the
rays of the sun would penetrate the
sanctuary and illuminate the
sculptures on the back wall, except for
the statue of Ptah, the god connected
with the Underworld, who always
remained in the dark.
Abu Simbel
Abu Simbel: The small Temple
The temple of Hathor and Nefertari, also known as the Small Temple, dedicated to the
goddess Hathor and Ramesses II's chief consort, Nefertari. The statues are 10 m. high.
18η Δυναστεία:
Amenhotep III
Theban
necropolis
The
Colossi of
Memnon
They are two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. For the past 3400 years (since
1350 BC) they have stood in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of
Luxor. In 27 BCE, a large earthquake reportedly shattered the eastern colossus. he remaining
lower half of this statue was then reputed to "sing" on various occasions- always within an hour or
two of sunrise, usually right at dawn. it sounded "like a blow“, "the string of a lyre“, the striking of
brass or whistling. Romans reconstructed them and the singing stopped.
The Karnak temple complex describes a vast collection of ruins of temples, chapels,
pylons and other buildings - collectively known as Karnak.
The Karnak temple complex is located near Karnak (town) and Luxor in Upper Egypt.
Στην είσοδο της κιονοστοιχίας του Αμένωφι Γ, δύο γιγάντια γλυπτά του Ραμσή Β΄
Luxor Temple: located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today
known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 BC
In Luxor there are six great temples. One of then is
the Ramesseum
Mortuary Temple of Ramesses II - The Ramesseum. Osiris’ statues
Life after death
The ancient Egyptians
believed in life after death.
That's why they became very
good at mummification.
They wrapped mummies in
hundreds of yards of linen
strips.
They also built special "house
for eternity" to put their dead
inside.
Mastaba, "house for eternity" or "eternal house"
Mastabas were constructed out of mud-bricks
(from the Nile River) or stone.
'Mastaba' comes from the Arabic word for a
bench of mud.
Structure. 27th century BC
The afterlife was the main focus of Egyptian civilization and ruled every aspect of the society. It was
reflected in their architecture and most prominently by the enormous amounts of time, money, and
manpower involved in the building of their tombs.
Small cellar
Statue of
the dead
chapel
furniture
Sarcophagus
in Saqqara
pit
The Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza
They are among the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt.
The Great Sphinx
The pyramids of Giza
2590 BC
False door
The Ancient Egyptians believed that the false door was a threshold between the
worlds of the living and the dead and through which a deity or the spirit of the
deceased could enter and exit.
They can be carved in a wall or painted on it.
Imhotep was an Egyptian polymath, who
served as chancellor to the pharaoh and
high priest of the sun god Ra (or Re) at
Heliopolis.
He is considered to be the earliest known
architect and engineer and physician.
Greece:
Copper age
2650–2575 BC 27th century BC
Mummification
Over many centuries, the ancient
Egyptians developed a method of
preserving bodies so they would
remain lifelike.
Today we call this process
mummification.
During the mummification
process, the internal organs were
removed from the body and placed
in hollow 'canopy jars'.
The lids of canopy jars
represented gods called the 'four
sons of Horus'. These gods
protected the internal organs.
1798: Napoleon
642-now: ΙIslam.
Portuguese, English, French abused Egypt.
1869: Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps.
1956: Nasser. All foreigners had to leave.
1970: War between Egypt and Israel. Israel wins.
Μωχάμετ Άλι (1805-1848) Κόπτες (451 μ.Χ.)
Αιγύπτιοι Μονοφυσίτες
Nasser
Πατριαρχείο
Αλεξάνδρειας
(6ο αι.
Ιουστινιανός)
Suez bridge
Modern Egypt
The British Museum, England
https://www.britishmuseum.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html
Βιβλιογραφία
Εκπαιδευτική Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, Παγκόσμια Μυθολογία. ΕΚΔΟΤΙΚΗ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ.
Παγκόσμια Ιστορία, ΟΙ Πρώτοι Πολιτισμοί, 3000-1500 π. Χ.. Κ. ΚΑΠΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ.
Vandenberg, P., Νεφερτίτη. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.
Vandenberg, P., Ραμσής ο Μέγας. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.
Vandenberg, P., Η Κατάρα των Φαραώ. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Πάπυρος Λαρούς Μπριτάννικα. ΠΑΠΥΡΟΣ.
http://el.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk
http://wordinfo.info/unit/2655?letter=a&spage=1&s=scribe
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians
http://www.artyfactory.com/egyptian_art/egyptian_crowns/hemhem_crown.htm
http://www.touregypt.net
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