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Getting Started Guide
Getting Started with CES Selector
These exercises give an easy way to learn to use the CES Selector software. The comprehensive CES Help file within the software gives more detailed guidance.
Brief Description of CES Selector There are three main tools in CES Selector: • BROWSE Explore the database and retrieve records via a hierarchical index or tree. • SEARCH Find information via a full-text search of records. • SELECT The central hub of CES Selector, used to apply the Rational Material Selection
methodology. A powerful selection engine that identifies records that meet an array of design criteria and enables trade-offs between competing objectives.
The following exercises cover the use and functionality of these tools.
Getting Started with CES Selector 2
Browsing and Searching
Table:
Subset:
Browse Search Select
MaterialUniverse
All bulk materials
MaterialUniverse
Ceramics and glasses
Hybrids: composites, foams etc.
Metals and alloys
Polymers: plastics, elastomers
Exercise 1 Browse Materials • Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL • Find a record for CONCRETE • Find a record for POLYPROPYLENE • Open a POLYPROPYLENE record
(Double-click on the record name in the tree) • Find PROCESSES that can shape POLYPROPYLENE
using the ProcessUniverse LINK at the bottom of the datasheet
Exercise 2 Browse Processes Browse ProcessUniverse: All processes
Table:
Subset:
Browse Search Select
ProcessUniverse
ProcessUniverse
Joining
Shaping
Surface treatment
All processes
• Find a record for INJECTION MOLDING • Find record for LASER SURFACE HARDENING • Find record for FRICTION WELDING (METALS) • Find MATERIALS that can be DIE CAST,
using the LINK at the bottom of the record for DIE CASTING
Exercise 3 The Search Facility Browse Search Select
Polylactide
MaterialUniverse
Find what:
Look in table:
• Find the material POLYLACTIDE • Find materials for CUTTING TOOLS • Find the process RTM (Part of a material datasheet and attribute note are shown next)
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 3
m~êí=çÑ=~=Ç~í~ëÜÉÉí=Ñçê=~=ã~íÉêá~äW=éçäóéêçéóäÉåÉ= ^ííêáÄìíÉ=åçíÉ=Ñçê=vçìåÖÛë=ãçÇìäìë=
PP (Copolymer, UV stabilized) General properties Designation Polypropylene (Copolymer, UV stabilized) Density 0.0325 - 0.0328 lb/in^3 Price * 1.13 - 1.24 USD/lb Composition overview Composition (summary) copolymer of propylene -(CH2-CH(CH3))- and up to 7% ethylene or other comonomer + UVstabiliser additives Mechanical properties Young's modulus 0.179 - 0.183 10^6 psi
Shear modulus * 0.0635 - 0.0651 10^6 psiBulk modulus * 0.328 - 0.336 10^6 psi
Poisson's ratio * 0.405 - 0.413Yield strength (elastic limit) 3.42 - 3.91 ksiTensile strength 3.39 - 3.57 ksiCompressive strength * 4.28 - 4.49 ksiFlexural strength (modulus of rupture) * 4.53 - 5.21 ksiElongation 139 - 865 %
Hardness - Vickers * 7.37 - 7.74 HVFatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * 1.36 - 1.43 ksiFracture toughness * 1.37 - 1.44 ksi.in^1/2
Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) * 0.0312 - 0.0328 Thermal properties Melting point * 292 - 307 °FGlass temperature -11.2 - 3.2 °FMaximum service temperature * 148 - 179 °FMinimum service temperature * -13 - 14 °FThermal conductivity * 0.114 - 0.118 BTU.ft/h.ft^2.FSpecific heat capacity * 0.448 - 0.457 BTU/lb.FThermal expansion coefficient 65.8 - 67.4 µstrain/°F Durability to flame, fluids, sunlight Flammability Slow-burning (UL94: HB)
Ver Fresh water y good
Young's modulus Stiffness in tension (also called Tensile Modulus, Elastic Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity). Test notes Young's modulus (E) is the slope of the initial linear-elastic part of the stress-strain curve in tension. Material selection notes Use to select materials with sufficient stiffness (high value) or sufficient compliance (low value). Modulus in tension, flexure, and compression are similar for most materials so can be interchanged for approximate work. Typical values:
Flexible plastics and elastomers < 1 GPa Unfilled plastics 1–4 GPa Reinforced plastics 5–25 GPa Ferrous metals 70–250 GPa Non-ferrous metals 10–310 GPa Technical ceramics 20–700 GPa Ceramics and glasses 1–120 GPa
Click to see science note.
(For more information on the property and to drill down to theunderlying science, follow the hyperlink to the science note)
(Click on hyperlinked attribute names for attribute notes, which provide background information on properties, test notes, and selection guidelines)
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 4
Property Charts Exercise 4 Making Property Charts
Browse Search Select
X-axis Y-axis
Single Property
Density
Yield strength
Young's Modulus
etc
1. Selection Data
MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
• Make a BAR CHART of YOUNG’S MODULUS (E) (Set y-axis to Young’s modulus; leave x-axis at <None>) (Click on a few materials to label them; double-click to go to their record in the Data Table)
• Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG’S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY (ρ) (Set both x-axis and y-axis; the default is a log-log plot) (Materials can be labeled as before – click and drag to move the labels; use DEL to delete a label) abibqb=qeb=pq^db=
EoáÖÜí=ÅäáÅâ=çå=ëí~ÖÉ=áå=pÉäÉÅíáçå=pí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=ëÉäÉÅí=“aÉäÉíÉÒF=
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 5
Selection using a Limit Stage Exercise 5 Selection with a Limit Stage
Browse Search Select
3. ResultsX out of Y pass Rank by: Property A
Material 1
Material 2
Material 3
Material 4
etc.
2130
2100
1950
1876
1. Selection Data
MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
Limit stage
Mechanical properties
Thermal properties
Electrical properties
Max. service temperature
Thermal conductivity
Specific heat capacity
°C200
25
1e15
W/m.K
J/kg.K
Min Max
Electrical resistivity ohm.cmµ
Min Max
Ceramics and glasses
Composites
Metals and alloys
Polymers and elastomers
1E+201E+81
Limit guidance
bars
• Find materials with MAX. SERVICE TEMPERATURE > 200 °C THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY > 25 W/m.k ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY > 1e15 µohm.cm (Enter the limits – minimum or maximum as appropriate – and click “Apply”) (Example results: aluminum nitride, alumina, silicon nitride) =
abibqb=qeb=pq^db=
=
=
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 6
Graph Selection Exercise 6 Selection with a Graph Stage
Browse Search Select
Yiel
d st
reng
th
Bar chart
Box selection
3. ResultsX out of Y pass Rank by: Property A
Material 1
Material 2
Material 3
Material 4
etc.
2130
2100
1950
1876Density
Bubble chart
Yiel
d st
reng
th
Line selection
1. Selection Data
MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
• Make a BAR CHART of YIELD STRENGTH ( yσ ) (on the y-axis)
• Use a BOX SELECTION to find materials with high values of elastic limit (or strength)
(Click the box icon, then click-drag-release to define the box)
• Add, on the other axis, DENSITY (ρ) (Either: highlight Stage 1 in Selection Stages, right-click and choose Edit Stage from the menu; or double-click the axis to edit)
• Use a BOX SELECTION to find materials with high strength and low density
Selection line, slope 1
Selection box
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 7
• Replace the BOX with a LINE SELECTION to find materials with high values of the “specific strength”, ρσ / y
Selection line, slope 1
(Click the gradient line icon, then enter slope in the dialog: “1” in this case. Click on the graph to position the line through a particular point. Click above or below the line to select an area: above the line for high values of ρσ /y in this case. Now click on the line and drag upwards, to refine the selection to fewer materials.)
• RANK the results by specific strength (Yield strength / Density) (Rank by, Stage 1: Performance Index and click on results column to change order from low–high to high–low)
3. Results
Name Stage 1: Index
PEEK/IM Carbon Fiber, UD Composite...
Cyanate Ester/HM Carbon Fiber, UD C...
Epoxy/HS Carbon Fiber, UD Composite...
BMI/HS Carbon Fiber, UD Composite...
...
1.55
1.33
1.24
1.08
Show: Pass all Stages
Rank by: Stage 1: Performance Index
(Example results: CFRP, Titanium alloys, Magnesium alloys)
abibqb=qeb=pq^db=
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 8
Tree Selection Exercise 7 Selection with a Tree Stage
Browse Search Select
Tree stage for material
3. ResultsX out of Y pass
Material 1
Material 2
Material 3
Material 4
etc.
Tree stage for process
Ceramics
Hybrids
Metals
Polymers
Steels
Al alloys
Cu alloys
Ni alloys...
Material
Cast
Deform
Mold
Composite
Powder
Prototype
Join
Shape
Surface
Process
1. Selection Data
MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
• Find MATERIALS that can be MOLDED (In Tree Stage window, select ProcessUniverse, expand “Shaping” in the tree, select Molding, and click “Insert”, then OK) abibqb=qeb=pq^db=
• Find PROCESSES to join STEELS (First change Selection Data to select Processes: Joining processes) (Then, in Tree Stage window, select MaterialUniverse, expand “Metals and alloys” in the tree, select Ferrous, and click “Insert”, then OK) abibqb=qeb=pq^db=
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 9
Getting It All Together Exercise 8 Combining Stages
Browse Search Select
Cast
Deform
Mold
Composite
Powder
Prototype
Join
Shape
Surface
Process
Pric
e
3. ResultsX out of Y pass Rank by: Property A
Material 1
Material 2
Material 3
Material 4
etc.
2130
2100
1950
1876
Density
Yield strength
T-conductivity
2000
60
10
Min Max
Stacked stages
Intersection of all stages
1. Selection Data
MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
4. Selection Report
Generate...
Change Selection Data to MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Find MATERIALS with the following properties
• DENSITY < 2000 kg/m3
• STRENGTH (Elastic limit) > 60 MPa
• THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY < 10 W/m.K (3 entries in a Limit Stage)
• Can be THERMOFORMED (a Tree Stage: ProcessUniverse – Shaping – Molding)
• Rank the results by PRICE (a Graph Stage: bar chart of Price) (On the final Graph Stage, all materials that fail one or more stages are grayed-out. The RESULTS window shows the materials that pass all the stages.) (Example results, cheapest first: PET, Epoxies, PMMA, …)
• GENERATE the SELECTION REPORT (Click the “Generate” button below the selection results. A selection report is created, containing a summary of the selection project on page one, and details of each selection stage on page two.)
Exercise 9 Finding Supporting Information (Requires Internet connection)
• With the PET record open, click on SEARCH WEB to find additional information on PET
(CES Selector translates the material ID to search strings compatible with a group of high-quality material and process information sources and delivers the hits. Many of the sources require a subscriber-based password. The ASM source is particularly recommended.) `ilpb=qeb=a^q^pebbq=
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 10
Process Selection Exercise 10 Selecting Processes
Browse Search Select
Mass
Section thickness
kg10 12
4 4 mm
Economic attributes
Physical attributes
Dished sheet
1000Economic batch size
Process characteristics
Primary shaping
ShapeCeramics
Hybrids
Metals
PolymersElastomers
Plastics
Material
Thermoplastics
Thermosets
1. Selection Data
ProcessUniverse: Shaping processes
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
Change Selection Data to select ProcessUniverse: Shaping processes Find PRIMARY SHAPING PROCESSES to make a component with
• SHAPE = Dished sheet
• MASS = 10 – 12 kg
• SECTION THICKNESS = 4 mm
• ECONOMIC BATCH SIZE > 1000 (5 entries in a Limit Stage)
• Made of a THERMOPLASTIC (a Tree Stage: MaterialUniverse – Polymers – Plastics – Thermoplastics) (Example results: compression molding, rotational molding, thermoforming)
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 11
Saving, Copying, and Report Writing
Exercise 11 Adding Comments to a Project Users can add comments to a selection project as a reminder to why they have applied certain constraints and objectives. Comments are displayed on mouse-over, in the selection report and saved in the project file.
LimitStage Properties
Title
Notes
Limit Comments can be added to each selection stage in a project. (Click the Notes icon in the stage window heading, then type in the dialog) Comments can also be added to the selection report summary. For example, adding information on which material was finally selected and the reasons why, provides full traceability of the material selection.
4. Selection Report
Generate... Project Summary
Summary
Title
Notes
Select all materials
Project Settings
Exercise 12 Saving Selection Stages as a Project Edit View etcFile
Open Project
Save Project
Print...
• SAVE the project – (give it a filename and directory location; CES Selector project files have the extension “.ces”)
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 12
Exercise 13 Saving a Selection Report
Print Export
4. Selection Report
Generate... Project Summary
Acrobat (PDF) file
• GENERATE the selection report • EXPORT the selection report as a PDF
(Note: You will require a PDF reader such as Adobe Reade to view the exported selection report)
Exercise 14 Copying CES Output into a Document Charts, Records and Results lists may be copied (CTRL-C) and pasted (CTRL-V) into a word processor application
View etc
Cut
Copy
Paste
File Edit
Word processor
Clipboard
• Display a chart, click on it, then COPY and PASTE it into document • Double click a selected material in the Results window to display
its datasheet, click on the datasheet, then COPY and PASTE it • Click on the Results window, then COPY and PASTE it • Try editing the document
(The datasheet in Exercise 3 and the selection charts in Exercises 4 and 6 were made in this way)
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 13
Getting the Most Out of CES Selector
Now that you have completed the ‘Getting Started’ exercises, the following exercises introduce you to some additional tools and features that will make your use of CES Selector particularly productive.
Custom Selection Exercise 15 Favorites The Favorites feature enables users to highlight their favorite records e.g. your company’s preferred materials.
Table:
Subset:
Browse Search Select
MaterialUniverse
All bulk materials
MaterialUniverseMetals and alloys
Non-ferrous
CastAluminum
WroughtAdd to Favorites
Tools
• Browse to the CAST ALUMINUM folder • Add the folder as a FAVORITE (Right click on “Cast” and select “Add to Favorites”) (On the tree and datasheet, favorites are marked with a star ) • Add the “Type 66” PA folder as a FAVORITE as well (Expand “Polymers” in the tree, then “Plastics”, “Thermoplastics”, “PA (Polyamide/Nylon)”) Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
• Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG’S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY ( ρ )
(as in Exercise 4) • SHOW FAVORITES (Click the favorites icon) (On the Graph stage, all materials that are not favorites are grayed-out) (Click on a favorite material to label it) • CLEAR the favorites (Go to Tools > Favorites > Clear) DELETE THE STAGE
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 14
Exercise 16 Selection with a Custom Subset Browse Search Select
1. Selection Data
Custom: Define your own subset...
Custom Subset
Selection table: MaterialUniverse
Selection attributes: All bulk materials
Initial subset: All bulk materials
MaterialUniverse
Ceramics and glasses
Fibers and particulatesHybrids: composites, foams, etc.
Metals and alloys
FerrousNon-ferrous
Aluminum
Beryllium
Polymers: plastics, elastomersElastomers
Plastics
...
...
The CES Selector databases are supplied with a range of standard subsets (e.g. All bulk materials, Metals, Magnetic materials, etc.) which enable users to restrict their material selection to certain material groups within the database. The custom subset feature enables users to define their own subsets. Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
• Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG’S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY ( ρ )
(as in Exercise 4) Change Selection Data to select CUSTOM Materials:
• Select ALUMINUM and PLASTICS (In the Custom Subset dialog, click on checkboxes to include or exclude records or folders.
A checked box means all records in the folder are selected. A cleared box means no records in the folder are selected. A filled box means some records in the folder are selected.)
(Note: The ‘Selection attributes’ setting defines what properties will be available in graph and limit selection stages) The bubble chart updates.
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 15
Exercise 17 Record Coloring
Change Color
Table:
Subset:
Browse Search Select
MaterialUniverse
<Custom>
MaterialUniverse
PP (Polypropylene)Thermoplastics
Metals and alloysPolymers: plastics, elastomers
Yellow
Red
...
LimeBlue
Restore Default
The CES Selector databases use a standardized color scheme for displaying records (e.g. dark blue for plastics). These default colors can be changed so that particular records can be highlighted.
• Browse to the POLYPROPYLENE folder
• Change the folder color to YELLOW (Right click on Polypropylene and select “Change Color > Yellow”) (Note: Record colors can also be changed by right-clicking on a record in a graph stage or the selection results list) (If the stage from Exercise 16 is still present, the bubble chart updates) DELETE THE STAGE
Exercise 18 Plotting a Combined Property
Browse Search Select
X-axis Y-axis
Advanced...
Density / (Young's Modulus^(1/2))
1. Selection Data
MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
Many engineering applications require combined properties to be optimized. For example, specific stiffness (Young’s modulus / density) in aerospace, and thermal diffusivity (thermal conductivity/(density . specific heat)) in thermal applications. These types of properties can be plotted using the advanced property feature.
• Make a BAR CHART of the combined property DENSITY/(YOUNG’S MODULUS^(1/2))
(To set the y-axis, click “Advanced”. In the Set Axis dialog, select an attribute, then click “Insert” to create the expression) (Leave x-axis at <None>) DELETE THE STAGE
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 16
Performance Indices One of the main components of the rational material selection technique is the use of performance indices. These are combined properties (e.g. Young’s modulus / density) that allow the function of a design to be optimized for a particular application. The performance index finder enables users to quickly identify (and plot) the performance indices that are applicable to their design.
Exercise 19 Performance Index Finder
Browse Search Select
1. Selection Data
MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
X-axis Y-axis
Function: Beam in bending
Limiting Constraint: stiffness
Optimize: mass
Performance Index Finder
• Make a BAR CHART of the performance index for minimizing the mass of a stiffness-limited beam, loaded in bending
(Set y-axis Function to Beam in bending, Fixed Variables to length and section shape, Limiting Constraint to stiffness, Optimize to mass) (Leave x-axis at <None>)
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 17
Exercise 20 Selection with a Trade-off Plot
Browse Search Select
1. Selection Data
MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials
2. Selection Stages
Graph/Index Limit Tree
Performance Index P1: cost, c
Heav
y
Perfo
rman
ce In
dex
P 1: m
ass,
mLi
ght
ExpensiveCheap
Trade-offsurface
Many designs require a comprise to be made between competing objectives, for example, maximize performance and minimize cost. The influence of this ‘trade-off’ on material choice can be studied by generating a trade-off plot, where candidate materials lie along a hypothetical curve or trade-off surface (see picture). Optimal materials, for a particular application, are identified by making a judgment on the relative importance of the two objectives (e.g. in aerospace, high performance is more important than low cost).
• Make a BUBBLE CHART of the performance index BEAM IN BENDING, limited by STIFFNESS
(Set y-axis to Optimize mass; set x-axis to Optimize cost) (The materials on or near the trade-off surface offer the best compromise for minimizing mass and cost) (Note: The trade off surface cannot be plotted on a chart by CES)
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 18
Functional Data Some properties within the databases are saved as functional data, meaning that data is available for a number of different conditions. This allows users to readily incorporate the conditions of their application into their selection project. For example, using the ‘Fatigue strength model’ the user can specify both the stress ratio and number of cycles for the fatigue strength.
Exercise 21 Viewing Functional Data
Table:
Subset:
Browse Search Select
MaterialUniverse
Metals
Datasheet
Show/HideLayout: All attributes
Parameters:
Fatigue strength model (stress range)
Stress Ratio=-1, Number of Cycles=1e7
Mechanical properties
* 34.1 - 49.7 ksi
Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * 38.9 - 44.2 ksi
Fatig
ue st
reng
th m
odel
(stre
ss ra
nge)
(ksi)
Number of CyclesStress Ratio=-1
100 1e8
100
• Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL
• Display the functional data graphs (Click the “Show/Hide” button to show all functional data graphs on the datasheet) (Alternatively, click on the , , or buttons to open the graph in a new window and view the equation or data points)
Exercise 22 Setting Parameters for Functional Data
Table:
Subset:
Browse Search Select
MaterialUniverse
Metals
Datasheet
Fatigue strength model
Parameters: Stress ratio=-1, Number of cycles=1e7
Mechanical properties
* 34.1 - 49.7 ksi
Parameters
Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * 38.9 - 44.2 ksi
Number of cycles 1e7
Stress ratio -1
The parameter values for functional data apply to all applicable functional data types within the datasheet and to all datasheets in the selection project. The parameter values can be changed using the parameters hyperlink.
• Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL The value for FATIGUE STRENGTH MODEL is calculated at the given parameter values for STRESS RATIO and NUMBER OF CYCLES.
• Change the parameter value for NUMBER OF CYCLES (Click the Parameters link and set a new value in the dialog, then click OK. The value in the datasheet will updated.) (To view the updated project setting, go to the Select menu > Project Settings > Parameter Values)
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 19
Eco Audit The Eco Audit Tool – only available with the CES Eco Selector edition – calculates the energy used and CO2 produced during five key life phases of a product (material, manufacture, transport, use, and end of life) and identifies which is the dominant phase. This is the starting point for eco-aware product design, as it identifies which parameters need to be targeted to reduce the eco-footprint of the product.
Exercise 23 Eco Audit Project A brand of bottled mineral water is sold in 1 liter PET bottles with polypropylene caps. A bottle weighs 40 grams; the cap 1 gram. Bottles and caps are molded, filled, and transported 550 km from the French Alps to England by 14 tonne truck, refrigerated for 2 days and then sold. The overall life of the bottle is one year. An example product file for this case study is installed with CES Selector in the ‘samples’ folder.
File Edit View Select Tools Window Product Definition
Product name: PET Bottle
Eco Audit Project
Product Definition New Open Save
Product name: PET BottlePET Bottle
Eco Audit Project
Product Definition New Open Save
1. Material, manufacture, and end of life Bill of materials, primary processing techniques, and end of life
Quantity Component name Material Recycle content Primary process Mass (kg) End of life
0%
100%
Landfill
Combust
Downcycle
Recycle
Re-engineer
Reuse
100 0.04Molding0% RecyclePETBottle
Molding
Extrusion
100 0.001Molding0% CombustPPCap
100 1Water
MaterialUniverseCeramics and glasses
Hybrids: composites etc
Metals and alloys
Polymers and elastomers
Elastomers
Polymers
PET
Thermoplastics
Quantity Component name Material Recycle content Primary process Mass (kg) End of life
0%
100%
Landfill
Combust
Downcycle
Recycle
Re-engineer
Reuse
100 0.04Molding0% RecyclePETBottle100 0.040.04Molding0% RecyclePETBottle
Molding
Extrusion
100 0.001Molding0% CombustPPCap100 0.0010.001Molding0% CombustPPCap
100 1Water100 11Water
MaterialUniverseCeramics and glasses
Hybrids: composites etc
Metals and alloys
Polymers and elastomers
Elastomers
Polymers
PET
Thermoplastics
MaterialUniverseMaterialUniverseCeramics and glasses
Hybrids: composites etc
Metals and alloys
Polymers and elastomers
Ceramics and glasses
Hybrids: composites etc
Metals and alloys
Polymers and elastomers
Elastomers
Polymers
Elastomers
Polymers
PETPET
ThermoplasticsThermoplastics
Eco Audit 2. Transport Transportation from site of manufacture to point of sale
Stage name Transport type Distance (km)
Bottling plant to point of sale 14 tonne truck 550
Sea freight
Rail freight
14 tonne truck
Air freight – long haul
...
Stage name Transport type Distance (km)
Bottling plant to point of sale 14 tonne truck 550
Sea freight
Rail freight
14 tonne truck
Air freight – long haul
...
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 20
3. Use Product life and location of use
Product life: 1 years
United KingdomCountry electricity mix:
France
Germany
United Kingdom
...
Product life: 1 yearsProduct life: 1 years
United KingdomCountry electricity mix:
France
Germany
United Kingdom
...
United KingdomCountry electricity mix:
France
Germany
United Kingdom
...
Static mode Energy used to refrigerate product at point of sale (average energy required to refrigerate 100 bottles at 4°C = 0.12 kW)
Product uses the following energy:
Energy input and output:
Power rating:
Usage:
Usage:
Electric to mechanical (electric motors)
days per year
hours per day
0.12 kW
2
24
Fossil fuel to thermal, enclosed systemFossil fuel to electricElectric to thermalElectric to mechanical (electric motors)...
Product uses the following energy:Product uses the following energy:
Energy input and output:
Power rating:
Usage:
Usage:
Electric to mechanical (electric motors)
days per year
hours per day
0.12 kW
2
24
Fossil fuel to thermal, enclosed systemFossil fuel to electricElectric to thermalElectric to mechanical (electric motors)...
4. Report View ReportView Report
Energy and CO2 Footprint Summary:
-16.2-2.68-36.5-129End of life
58.09.697.2344Material
18.93.1311.139.1Manufacture
20.93.4613.848.7Transport
18.43.0514.450.8Use
10016.6100353Total
CO2 (%)CO2 (kg)Energy (%)Energy (MJ)Phase
-16.2-2.68-36.5-129End of life
58.09.697.2344Material
18.93.1311.139.1Manufacture
20.93.4613.848.7Transport
18.43.0514.450.8Use
10016.6100353Total
CO2 (%)CO2 (kg)Energy (%)Energy (MJ)Phase
(Result: Material is the dominant life phase ⇒ Focus on minimizing embodied energy of bottle and/or mass of bottle to reduce eco-footprint of product) Change the “End of life” option for the bottle to “Combust” and note the different impacts on the end of life Energy & CO2
© Granta Design, October 2009
Getting Started with CES Selector 21
Exercise 24 Saving Eco Audit Product Definition
Product Definition
New SaveOpen
Save
Save As
Eco Audit Project Eco audit projects do not form part of a selection project and need to be saved separately.
• SAVE the product definition – (give it a filename and directory location; CES Eco Audit product files have the extension “.prd”)
Exercise 25 Saving/Exporting Eco Audit Report 4. Report
View Report Report
Eco Audit Project
Print Export
Excel
Acrobat (PDF) file
• GENERATE the eco audit report
• EXPORT the eco audit report as a PDF (Note: You will require Microsoft Excel or a PDF reader such as Adobe Reader to view the exported eco audit report)
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