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GET YOUR HANDOUTS

GRAB A TEXT BOOK

HAVE A PENCIL READY

SIT DOWN!

WE’LL BE STARTING SOON!

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY

WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY? P. 10

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

WHAT STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD DID SHELDON AND

LEONARD USE?

CASE STUDY – MINNEAPOLIS BRIDGE

• STEP ONE – QUESTION

• STEP TWO – HYPOTHESIS

• STEP THREE – TEST IT

• STEP FOUR – ANALYZE RESULTS

• STEP FIVE – DRAW A CONCLUSION

• STEP SIX – COMMUNICATION

MINNEAPOLIS BRIDGE

COLLAPSE• WHAT HAPPENED TO THE

BRIDGE IN MINNEAPOLIS?

• WHY WAS THE 2007 BRIDGE FAILURE A SURPRISE

• WHAT CAN A SCIENTIST LEARN FORM STUDYING ACCIDENTS?

• WHAT HYPOTHESIS WOULD YOU TEST FIRST?

EXPERIMENTSTHE HYPOTHESIS MUST BE TESTED!

IDENTIFYING VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS

VARIABLE• ANY FACTOR THAT CAN

HAVE MORE THAN ONE VALUE

• INDEPENDENT VARIABLE – THE FACTOR THAT YOU WANT TO TEST

•DEPENDENT VARIABLE – THE FACTOR YOU OBSERVE OR MEASURE

CONSTANTS

• THE FACTORS IN AN EXPERIMENT THAT DO NOT CHANGE

THINK – PAIR – SHARE

• HOW ARE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES RELATED TO EACH OTHER IN EXPERIMENTS?

• WHAT MIGHT BE THE INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES IN AN EXPERIMENT ABOUT A BRIDGE COLLAPSE?

EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

THIS GROUP IS USED TO DETERMINE HOW A

CHANGE IN THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

CHANGES THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE.

CONTROL GROUP

THIS GROUP CONTAINS THE SAME FACTORS AS

THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP, BUT THE

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS NOT CHANGED.

QUESTION

WHY DO EXPERIMENTS NEED A CONTROL GROUP?

GATHERING INFORMATION AND DATA

• QUALITATIVE DATA USES WORDS TO DESCRIBE WHAT IS OBSERVED

• QUANTITATIVE DATA USES NUMBERS TO DESCRIBE WHAT IS OBSERVED

• WHY WOULD QUANTITATIVE DATA BE MORE HELPFUL IN THE BRIDGE INVESTIGATION?

• HOW CAN QUALITATIVE DATA BE HELPFUL IN AN INVESTIGATION?

SKIM PAGES 25-28 IN YOUR TEXT BOOK

• What quantitative and qualitative data did scientists discover?

• What was their conclusion based on their observations?

• BRIDGE FAILURE AND OBSERVATIONS

• ASKING QUESTIONS

• GATHERING INFORMATION AND DATA

• AN EARLY HYPOTHESIS

• COMPUTER MODELING

• REVISING THE HYPOTHESIS

• TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS

ANALYZE YOUR DATA

WHAT ARE YOUR RESULTS AND WHAT DO THEY

MEAN?

ANALYZING THE RESULTS

• TO WHAT DOES DEMAND-TO-CAPACITY RATIO REFER?

• WHY DID INVESTIGATORS CALCULATE THE DEMAND-TO-CAPACITY RATIO FOR EACH OF THE MAIN GUSSET PLATES?

• WHAT DID THE RESULTS OF THE CALCULATIONS FOR THE GUSSET PLATES REVEAL?

• WHY ARE EVALUATION AND TESTING IMPORTANT IN THE DESIGN PROCESS?

FINALLY – APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS AND COMMUNICATION• GIVE THREE EXAMPLES OF THE SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY PROCESS THAT WERE USED

IN THIS INVESTIGATION.

• WHY IS IT IMPORTANT THAT THE RESULTS WERE COMMUNICATED WITH OTHERS?

The new Minneapolis bridge!

5 YEARS AFTER THE TRAGEDY

• WHAT GOOD CAME FROM INVESTIGATING THE TRAGEDY?

• NOW FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT

• CASE STUDY

• COMMUNICATING RESEARCH RESULTS

• DUE FRIDAY!