Geological pattern formation by growth and dissolution in aqueous systems by Paul Meakin, and Bjørn...

Geological pattern formation by growth and dissolution in aqueous systems

by Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit

Proceedings AVolume 466(2115):659-694

March 8, 2010

©2010 by The Royal Society

Terrace patterns formed in fluvial systems.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Travertine terraces.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Simulations of terraces formed by the precipitation of calcite coupled with the loss of carbon dioxide.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Icicles and stalactites: (a) Icicles and (b) stalactites from Kartchner Caverns, Benson, AZ, USA (Short et al.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Icicles simulated by the random walk icicle model.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

(i) Comparison between theoretical icicle shape (equation (3.9), with ζ=z′ and ρ=R′) and actual icicle shape (Short et al. 2005).

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Simulation of stalagmite growth with sinusoidally varying drop rates () (s)), where ty is time in years and P is the periodicity (500, 5000 and 15 000 years in (a–c)).

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) A 67 m high stalagmite in Cueva San Martin Infierno, Cuba (Kevin Downey, The Virtual Cave, http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave/largest.htm).

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Liberty Cap travertine cone at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA. (b) Several stages in a simple normal growth model and a comparison between the actual shape

of Liberty Cap (circles) and the final stage of the simulation (thick da...

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Scalloped cave channel walls.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Roof of an ice cave, Bavaria (Karsten Peters, National Geographic, 1999).

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Cartoon of the flow field in a scallop.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Spherulitic growth.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Conceptual model for the growth of spherulites.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

(a–c) Simulation of surface normal growth with a constant growth velocity, Vn, and different nucleation rates.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Botryoidal and spherulitic growth.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Simulation of dendritic growth using diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) models.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

(a,b) Chromium spinel dendrites formed between olivine plates in komatiite near the upper margin of Pyke Hill lava flow (Fowler et al. 2002).

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society

Single crystals.

Paul Meakin, and Bjørn Jamtveit Proc. R. Soc. A 2010;466:659-694

©2010 by The Royal Society