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GEOGLAM Update
Michel Deshayes, GEOInbal Becker-Reshef, Alyssa Whitcraft, UMD
GEOGLAM Working GroupCEOS SIT-29 Side MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
GEOGLAM Activities3 Components + 3 Cross Cutting Components
1. GLOBAL/ REGIONAL SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS
Main producer countries, main crops
2. NATIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
for agricultural monitoring using Earth Observation
3. MONITORING COUNTRIES AT RISK
Food security assessment
Stakeholders Governments AMIS FAO
6. Data, products and INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
5. METHOD IMPROVEMENT through R&D coordination (JECAM)
4. EO DATA COORDINATION
Agricultural Expertise
(GEO CoP, FAO)
MeteorologicalExpertise(WMO)
Earth ObservationExpertise (CEOS)
Satellite / ground data / models
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
GEOGLAM & CEOS CollaborationPhased Implementation Approach
• Phased approach developed by GEOGLAM Ad-Hoc Team mandated Nov. 2012, refined March/June 2013
• Subsequent, overlapping phases • Phase 1 (2012-2014): focuses on foundation activities, building on existing activities &
pilot projects for a few countries, scoping out the programme, & establishing requirts• Phase 2 (2014-2016): reviews and expands P1 activities with new starts• Phase 3 (2015-2017): the last building pre-operational phase with the completion of
P1/P2 projects and geographical expansion;• Phase 4 (late 2017 onward): the operational phase
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
GEOGLAM Activities
•Main Component #1 activities• Crop Monitor: Coordinated Global Crop Assessments (4 main crops, ~30 main producers)
oMonthly operational report to AMIS (G-20 Agricultural Market Information System, with secretariat hosted at FAO)
oSynthesizes monitoring activities and provides consensus global crop assessments (Coordinated by UMD with NASA support)
o Participating Agencies include: USDA NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service) & FAS (Foreign Agricultural Service) EC-JRC MARS (Monitoring Agricultural Resources) & Agri4Cast (Agricultural Forecasts) China: RADI-CAS CropWatch Russia VEGA (Satellite based service for vegetation monitoring) India: FASAL (Forecasting Agriculture using Space, Agro-met. & Land based observations)
& NADAMS (National Agricultural Drought Assessment & Monitoring System)
Canada: NCMS (National Crop Monitoring System)… Brazil: CONAB GeoSafras Japan + China + INDIA + ASEAN: ASIA-RiCE project Other countries: Australia, Mexico, Argentina, South Africa…
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
GEOGLAM activities
• Main Component #2 – Capacity Building • On-going national projects
o Argentina (INTA - UMD - NASA)o Pakistan (CRS – SUPARCO – FAO - UMD – NASA)o Ukraine (IKD – HydroMet - EC)o South Africa (NEOSS – ARS)…
• Main Component #3 – Countries at Risk• On-going international monitoring Projects
o FAO GIEWS (Global Information & Early Warning System)o US FEWSNET (Famine Early Warning System)o EC MARS Food Security Bulletinso China CropWatch Drought & Food security activities…
• Cross Cutting Component R&D – JECAM• Objective: to reach a convergence of approaches, develop monitoring & reporting protocols
and best practices for a variety of global agricultural systems• About 40 test-sites on all continents!
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
Present use of EO data in GEOGLAM projects
• EO data for Component #1 – Global Crop Monitoring for AMIS• GEOGLAM Monthly Crop Monitor
oWheat, Maize, Soy Use of low resolution optical data (MODIS), together with Met data (GCOM-W, TRMM…) and
with moderate resolution crop type masks CEOS data used to-date : Optical Low Res, Optical Moderate Res
• Future: sampled optical high resolution ; microwave SAR
o Rice Rice regions: China, India, South-East Asia (90% world prod. & consumption)
• South-East Asia : up to 3 rice crops/year, important cloud cover (intertropical region) Rice monitoring, using AgroMet data (GCOM-W, TRMM…) & local experts
• Asian collaborative network, coordinated by JAXA (S. Sobue) CEOS data used to-date : Optical Low Res. (OLR) ; microwave SAR (just starting)
AMIS members: 80%-90% World Production & Exports
Wheat production2012 – 2014 average
Maize production2012 – 2014 average
Soybean production2012 – 2014 average
Wheat Exports2012 – 2014 average
Maize Exports2012 – 2014 average
Soybean Exports2012 – 2014 average
Rice Exports2012 – 2014 average
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
October
November
December
September
Operational GEOGLAM Global Crop Condition Assessments published monthly within the
G-20 AMIS Market Monitor Bulletin
Operational GEOGLAM Global Crop Condition Assessments published monthly within the
G-20 AMIS Market Monitor Bulletin
GEOGLAM Crop Monitor in AMIS Market Monitor
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
Present use of EO data in GEOGLAM projects
• EO data for Component #2 – Capacity Building• National CB projects based on:
o Optical Low (MODIS), Moderate (TM), High (Spot, RapidEye) resolution data, together with AgroMet info, used in Crop Yield Forecast Models, with local experts Argentina, Ukraine, Morocco, South Africa, Ethiopia… CEOS data : optical low / medium / high resolution (Free-of-Charge + Commercial)
o ASIA-RiCE project, a multi-national rice- monitoring project: for 8 ASEAN countries, with JAXA coordination & participation of India & China CEOS : from Autumn 2013, use of SAR data (Scan à HiPrec. modes) for national & sub-natl
Crop area assessment & Crop yield forecast, obt. Through CEOS
• EO data for Component #3 – Countries at Risk• Early Warning Systems based on:
o Multi-source information: AgroMet & Optical Low Resolution data, moderate and high resolution + expertise
Training Workshops
C#2-CB – ex. Pakistan: Strengthening Provincial Capacity (collaboration between USDA, FAO, SUPARCO, CRS Pakistan, & UMD)
Examples of products obtained from multitemporal SAR dataUse of 10 CosmoSkymed scenes / 4.5 months, Autumn-Winter 2013 crop An Giang test-site (Vietnam) :
August:19; September: 4, 20 ; October: 6, 14, 22, 30; November: 7, 15, 23
C#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring
2013Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
10 CosmoSkymed acquisitions
Intensive measurements
Extensive measurements
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
HH backscatter (dB)
VV
bac
ksca
tter
(dB
)
19/08/2013
04/09/2013
20/09/201306/10/2013
14/10/2013
30 cm10 cm
Angle : 50-55°
70cm
30 cm
70 cm
An Giang (Vietnam), Aug-Oct 2013CosmoSkymed, X band SAR
tillering
2-3 leaves
stemextension
Camargue (France), 1988X band airborne SAR
Two experiments, same scattering physics
C#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring
Conclusion: AgMon needs multidate imagery (opt-SAR) within same growing season
19 August
4 Sept.
20 Sept.
18 Oct.
6 Oct.
White: Fields detected with one date only (Jan 26)
Green: additional fields detected with 2nd image (Feb 11)
With 2 dates, 26/01 & 11/02, almost all rice fields in
Thoai Son and Chau Thanh have been detected
Map of rice fieldsSeason-1_2014
Single-date vs 2-dates
Rice mappingC#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring
Conclusion: AgMon needs multidate imagery (opt-SAR)within same growing season
Season_1
Season_2
Season_3
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
• JECAM study sitesstudy sites represent many of the world’s main cropping systems • Over 30 sites currently exist or are in development. Several new sites associated with EC
FP7 SIGMA Project.
R&D Component – JECAM
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
1717
Opt. Low Res.
COSMO SkyMed
RADAR-SAT-2
Terra-SAR-X
MODIS CHRIS HJ-1 Landsat AWIFS DMCII Deimos ASTERSPOT-4/5/6
RapidEye
Formo sat-2
PléiadesQuickbird
World-View -2
JECAM SiteWorld Region
5-30-100m
3m-100m
1-3-18m 250m36m
Hyperspec
32m 30m 24m22m-32m
22m 15m 10-20m 5m2mPan 6mXS
0,7mPan 2,8mXS
0,6m Pan
2,4mXS
0,46mP an
1,84mXS
Burkina Faso Afr X XMadagascar Afr X X
Morocco Afr XTunisia Afr X X X X X
Canada CFIA – Ottawa N-Am X X XCanada/Red River N-Am X X X
Canada/South Nation N-Am X X XU.S.A. N-Am X
Argentina S-Am X X X X X X XBrazil – Sao Paulo S-Am X X X
Brazil – Tapajos S-Am X X X XUruguay S-Am X
China / Guangdong (Taishan) Asia X X XChina / Heilongjiang Asia X X X X X X X
China / Jiangsu Asia No data Request in 2013
China / Shandong Asia X X X X X X X XTaiwan Asia X X XRussia AsiaCentr X XUkraine AsiaCentr X X X X XBelgium Eur X X X XFrance Eur X X X X X
Italy Apulian Tavoliere Eur XSaudi Arabia MidEast X X X
Radar Optical Moderate Resolution Optical High Res. Opt. Very High Res.
CEOS Support - JECAM Data Requests (2013)
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
• JECAM, foundation of GEOGLAM R&D component
• JECAM requirements now part of GEOGLAM requirements
• 2013 Annual Report delivered yesterday• 23 sites reporting• State of the Science for Ag Monitoring (Crop Area, Crop Cond,
Yield Forecast, Soil Moisture, Management Practices)• A rich set of scientific results, produced by expert teams around the world,
in a wide variety of geographic settings and cropping systems, available for sharing and definition of ‘best practices’
Provides clear indication of the impact of CEOS support18
JECAM Summary Phase 1
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
•Better coordinating in-situ & satellite data for sharing across sites
•Define and create minimum in-situ & EO data sets• Subset of JECAM sites TBD (willing, able, and representative)• Medium to High Res Imagery data sets (i.e. RapidEye; Landsat,
Sentinel 1&2, Radarsat 2, TerraSAR-X, MODIS, etc) TBD • In-situ data sets (create standards – Defourny)• Open data licenses to share between all JECAM sites• Find data management solution (discovery, access) – SDMS ?
•Link with Space Data Management System (SDMS)• GFOI, first user of SDMS • JECAM second user : 4-5 JECAM sites to be identified
19
JECAM Proposed Way Forward - Phase 2
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
Component #4: Coordination of EO Data
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Req#Crop Mask
Crop Type
Area and Growing Calendar
Crop Condition Indicators
Crop Yield
Crop Biophysical
Variables
Environ. Variables
Ag Practices / Cropping Systems
1 500 - 2000moptical +
TIRDaily Wall-to-Wall All X L
2 100-500moptical +
TIR2 to 5 per week
Cropland extent
All X X X L L L
3 5-50 km microwave DailyCropland
extentAll X
4 10-70moptical +
TIR
Monthly (min 3 in season + 2
out of season); Required every
1-3 years
Cropland extent (if #5 = sample, else skip)
All X L/M X
5 10-70moptical +
TIR
Weekly (8 days; min. 1 per 16 days)
Sample (pref.
Cropland extent)
All X X X X X X X
6 10-100m SARWeekly (8
days; min. 1 per 2 weeks)
Cropland extent of
persistantly cloudy and rice areas
All X X X X X X X
7 5-10m optical Monthly (min. 3
in season)Cropland
extentM/S M/S M/S
8 5-10m opticalWeekly ( 8
days; min. 5 per season)
Sample All M/S X X X X
9 5-10m SAR Monthly
Cropland extent of
persistantly cloudy and rice areas
M/S M/S M/S M/S
10 < 5m optical
3 per year (2 in season + 1 out
of season); Required every
3 years
Cropland extent of
small fieldsS S S
11 < 5m VISNIR1 to 2 per
month
Refined Sample (Demo)
All X X X
Field Size
Target Products
Coarse Resolution Sampling (>100m)
Moderate Resolution Sampling (10 to 100m)
Fine Resolution Sampling (5 to 10m)
Very Fine Resolution Sampling (<5m)
Spatial Resolution
Spectral Range
Effective observ.
frequency (cloud free)
Extent• Requirements established to
meet many target products
• Candidate missions identified
• Phase 1 is ongoing – foundation activities successful
Req# Proposed Primary Missions
Proposed Secondary Missions
Proposed Potential Missions
Spatial Resolution
Spectral Range
Sample TypeField Size
Effective observ. frequency
(cloud free)*
1Aqua/Terra (1000m)
NPP (750m)Sentinel-3A (500m)
SPOT-5 (1150m)Proba-V (1000m)
500 - 2000 mthermal IR +
opticalWall-to-Wall All Daily
2 Aqua/Terra (250/500m)NPP (375m)
Proba-V (350m) 100-500 mVISNIR +
SWIRCropland Extent All 2 to 5 per week
3GCOM-W1GCOM-W2
SMOSSMAP
5-50 km microwave Cropland Extent All Daily
4Landsat 7/8 (30m)
Sentinel-2A/2B (10m/20m)
RESOURCESAT-2 (56m)
UK-DMC-2Meteor-M N1
CBERS-310-70m
VISNIR + SWIR + TIR
Cropland Extent All
Monthly (min 2 out of season + 3 in season).
Required every 1-3 years.
5Landsat 7/8 (30m)
Sentinel-2A/2B (10m/20m)
RESOURCESAT-2 (56m)
UK-DMC-2Meteor-M N1
CBERS-310-70m
VISNIR + SWIR + TIR
Sample All Weekly (min. 1 per 16 days)
6 Sentinel-1A/1B (C)ALOS-2 (L)
TerraSAR-X (X)ALOS-2 (L)
Radarsat-2 (C)RISAT-1 (C)
TerraSAR-X (X)COSMO SkyMed
(X)TanDEM-X (X)RISAT-1A (C)
RCM (C)RISAT-3 (L)
10-100mSAR Dual
Polarization
Cropland Extent of persistant
cloudy areas/RiceAll Weekly (min. 1 per 2
weeks)
7 RapidEye SPOT-5Resourcesat-2
CBERS-3SPOT-6/7
5-10 mVISNIR +
SWIRCropland Extent M/S Monthly (min. 3 in
season)
8 RapidEye SPOT-5Resourcesat-2
CBERS-3SPOT-6/7
5-10 mVISNIR +
SWIRSample All Weekly (min. 5 per
season)
9 RapidEye SPOT-5Resourcesat-2
CBERS-3SPOT-6/7
5-10 mVISNIR +
SWIR
Cropland Extent of persistant
cloudy areas/RiceM/S Monthly
10 Pleiades
IKONOS-2GeoEye-1
WorldView-2SPOT-6/7
< 5 mVISNIR +
SWIRCropland extent of small fields
S
Mosaic 3 per year (2 in season 1 out of
season). Required every 3 years.
11 Pleiades
IKONOS-2GeoEye-1
WorldView-2SPOT-6/7
< 5 m VISNIR Refined SampleAll
(Demo)1 to 2 per month
Coarse Resolution Sampling (>100m)
Moderate Resolution Sampling (10 to 100m)
Fine Resolution Sampling (5 to 10m)
Very Fine Resolution Sampling (<5m)
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
Revisit Frequency Required (RFR) for: •Reasonably clear view every 8 days during Agric. Growing Season•Over all sizes of fields•Sample (prefer cropland extent [shown])
Best Case
Worst Case
21
Best Case
Worst Case
Source: Whitcraft et al. (UMD)
44-55% of cells have RFR <4 days
Most months or areas require 3-5 day revisit
74-92% of cells have RFR <4 days
38-60% of cells have RFR <2 days
22-31% of cells need only an 8-day revisit (RFR = 8)
RFR for Final Percentage Clear >= 70%
RFR for Completely Clear View
SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014
Next StepsStrengthening the CEOS-GEOGLAM
Relationship
• CEOS data coordination are crucial for GEOGLAM implementation! • Ad hoc Team is making good progress at forging two communities• So far:
o Requirements established o Candidate missions to meet requirements identified
• Next: o Formalize process of translating requirements into data requestso Data distribution system – e.g. NASA SDMS, ESRI, etc. o Track data - requests from GEOGLAM, coordination by CEOS, data use by GEOGLAM
• EO Data o HiRes or Very HiRes Optical data (Ikonos, Worldview, Quickbird, RapidEye..)o HiRes SAR data (CosmoSkymed, Radarsat, TerraSAR-X…)
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