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7/25/2019 GEO L19 Indian Agri Crops
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Indian GeographyEconomic geography
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Agriculture
Mines andminerals
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•Agriculture (+fsheries + live+ orest) contr!"#$ to IndiaG&' (!*
•India%s , -$populationdepended on aallied activities
Importance o Agriculture in Ind
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.ubsistence agriculture / rain*ed agric
Mi0ed agriculture (agro+ livestock1 fshpoultry)
2on*mechani3ed
4o5 per1person productivity
&ivision o land throughout generationland ragmentation
6ood crop cultivation dominant
6eatures o Indian agriculture
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4o5 agro*investment /
'oor or5ard and back5ard linka
7nder*developed ood*processingindustry
'oor agro*inrastructure8 9old*storages: rerigerated vans etc"
6eatures o Indian agriculture
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Make Agri" proftable
Improve 'roductivity
.ustainable Agricultu
India%s targets
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Agriculture e;ciency < agri outp
agri input=ut India%s agriculture is subsisteoutput not moneti3ed
Input not moneti3ed / amily memas labourers
Agriculture E;ciency
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Agriculture 'roductivity < 5eight
or >t1 ha or 9alled yieldIndia / hal or 1!th o highestproductivity in the 5orld (e0ceptsugarcane and 5heat)
Agriculture 'roductivity
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) ?igh productivity areas8
?igh investment in input* machin?@: irrigation
'2*?2: Baveri basin: Bashmir
) Good potential areas86ertile land: good rainall: cheaplabour
4o5er Gangetic plains: eastern co
'attern in India%s productivity
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!) 4o5 productivity areas8
=ad soil: lo5 rainall: reCuentdroughts: di;cult terrain (mountaplateaus) or deserts
?igh crop ailure: agrarian poverty
DechniCues8 &ryland agriculture:5atershed management
'attern in India%s productivity
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Improve9I
seeds 2utrition irrigation 6
Do increase 'roductivity
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2utrition
9hemical rganic
.oilconservati
on
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Fater*usee;ciency
conventional
9anal: Dube5ell
2on*conventiona
l
Fatershedrain5ater
harv"
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6or5ard4inks
9oldstorages
Dransportation
6ood*'Indu
Marketing
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! things to consider 5hile improvproductivity
) 9onservation o natural resourc
udicious use o 9hemical inputs
6ertili3ers: pesticides: artifcialhormones
! things to consider8 productivi
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) 9haracter o Indian agriculture mnot be destroyed (labour intensiveunemployment
* Moderni3ation should not be at prharvest side (so5ing: 5eeding etc)
* Moderni3ation needed at post*harside" I"e" storage: ood*processing:marketing: transportation: agro*
research
! things to consider8 productivi
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!) 2o blind race to achieve highproductivity
Darget to achieve optimum andsustainable target o productivity
2ot to achieve highest productivit5ill e0haust our natural resources
! things to consider8 productivi
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Ag
ri
9rop
.I4
Fate
r
2utri"M19
6in"
Mkt
A i lt i I di
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•
! main seasoncultivation in I
) Bhari
) Habi
!) aid
Agriculture*season in India
M J
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Bhari crops Habi crops aid cr
Monsoonseason
Finterseason
&ry sumseason
All cropse0cept Habi
crops
Fheat:gram:
linseed: peaand Mustard
egetaand ru
Hice:
sugarcane:
MaJor crops
Hi
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•MaJor staple oo
• India* largest arrice in the 5orld
• temp <*- deconditions
•Fater intensive
•Gro5n in 5etter
•'roductivity is locompared to 5h
Hice
D h i t lti t Hi
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• apanese
transplantatiotechniCue
•'eninsular Ind
less 5ater intedry*upland rice
•2e5 .HI techn
DechniCues to cultivate Hice
Hice
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•K*L$ rom summer rice /Aman: .ali: A
•'eninsular plaautumn rice /
•East India / surice / =oroN a'aluaN
Hice
Fheat
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•Habi crop
•
Demp8 L* d•2ot 5ater intecrop
•.ub*tropical cr
•'roductivity hiin India* ater revolution
Fheat
Fheat producing areas
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•Festern
disturbances h5heat ripening
•Fheat is gro5
5inter in India•2orth and nort5estern part
Fheat producing areas
'ulses
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•4entils and gra
•MaJor source o
vegetable prot
'ulses
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crop Area of
cultivationMoong Eastern India
coast (ma0
area)Arahar (Duar) 2orth India a
M'
7rad =lack .outh India
'roblems8 pulse cultivation
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Ater Green revolution: cultivatiorice and 5heat promoted
?igh M.' on grains
'ulsed pushed to marginal lands
'ulse production declined 1 stagn
?igh pulse import
'roblems8 pulse cultivation
Govt schemes or pulse cultivat
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Introduction o &ryland agriculturprogram to encourage pulse cultiv
HB@ / Kk pulse village prog"
2ational 6ood security Mission inpulses
Darget8 mD pulse production
Govt" schemes or pulse cultivat
Millets
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2eed less rainalcrops)
•Entirely gro5n usubsistence arm
•Gro5n or odde
•ery nutritious aaOordable
• Important or 2usecurity
•
=ut least preerr
Millets
• a5ar !th mo
a5ar (.orghum)
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• a5ar / !th moimp crop aterand 5heat
•Bhari + Habi 9•.uitable or raareas
•
HeCuire arouncm rainall / dsituation
•M?: M': B2: A
a5ar (.orghum)
=aJra
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•Bhari crop
•*- cm rain5arm climate
•=right sunlightlight sho5er
•M?: G: 7' < =
=aJra
Hagi
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•
&rier part / racrop
•*! deg tem
•B2 largest pro
(more than -
Hagi
9otton
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•&ry crop / not mrain needed
•=ut adeCuate antimely supply o to roots
•=lack soil* highly
retentive* keep rmoist
•&ry regions o bl
9otton
9otton8 producing areas
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• Draditional cotareas
•Festern India
•=ut high proftshit to '2 and
Baveri basin re•ver*irrigationseasons / soilsalinity
9otton8 producing areas
De0tile industries in India
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ne o the most important industIndia
4abour intensive
=ack5ard linkages 5ith agricultu
&uring =ritish era: =ombay devest center or te0tile industries
Mumbai: Amaravati: ardha*pune.atara*2agpur
De0tile industries in India
M? region
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=lack soil / cotton producing reg
Mumbai port (import o machinerand coal + e0port o te0tile)
9heap labour rom surroundingregions
6inance rom rich 'arsis and GuJamerchants
Mumbai* agglomeration / inertia
develo ment
M? region
.hit to GuJarat
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Mumbai* congestion: strong labounion
Ahmedabad / located at heart ocotton gro5ing regions
Ahmedabad / emerging market:
cheap labour supplyMore impetus Ater developmentBandla
Ahmedabad =haruch adodara
.hit to GuJarat
.hit to Damil 2adu
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Earlier InadeCuate amount o ra5materials
Ater development o rail5ay: supo ra5 material
4ack o coal / po5er" &evelopme
?E'9oimbatore: .alem: Duticorin:'ondicherry
.hit to Damil 2adu
> Damil 2adu is a leading>
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'r
>" Damil 2adu is a leadingproducer o mill*made cottonyarn in the country" Fhat could
be the reasonP
" =lack cotton soil is thepredominant type o the soil
in the state" Hich pool o skilled labour is
available
Fhich o the above is1are
a) only >
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'r
a) only
b) only
c) =oth and d) 2either nor
Ans" =)&ominant soil type in D2 is redsoil
.oil in D2
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> A state in India has ollo5ing >
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'r
>" A state in India has ollo5ingcharacteristics8
" 2orthern part is arid: semi*arid
" Its central part producescotton
!" 9ultivation o cash crops ispredominant over ood crops
a) Andhra 'radesh >
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'r
a) Andhra 'radesh
b) GuJarat
c) Barnatakad) Damil 2adu
Ans" b)'redominant crops in G8 cotton:tobacco: ground nut: castorseed
> Analyse the actors or highly >
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M
>" Analyse the actors or highlycentralised cotton te0tileindustry in India" (-)
6actors8
) Ha5 material
) Energy source
!) 9heap labour
) 6inance
-) Market
.ugarcane
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•Fater intensivcash*crop
•Heliable cash cthan cotton
.ugar cane areas
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• Draditionalsugarcane are2orthern plain
•2orth India* sutropical variety
sugar content*•.ugar actoriein 5inter seaso
.ugar cane areas
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•
6rom northern'lains: .hit to
) south India
) '2*?2
!) Festern Ind
.ugar cane areas8 .outh India
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Dropical variety / coastal areasQ humidity
?igh sugar content: high yield.ugar actories open year around
.killed disciplined labour
.ugarcane /need eOective post*harvest
management
=etter 5ork in cooperative sector
.outh India organi3ed cooperative sector
>" &o you agree that there is a >
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M
>" &o you agree that there is agro5ing trend o opening ne5sugar mills in southern states o
IndiaP &iscuss 5ith Justifcation"(-)
il*seeds
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•
Ground nut: suRo5er: mustarpalm*oil: soya
•4o5 productiv
issue similar topulses and mi
il*seed il content 'roducin
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il seed il content 'roducinstates
Ground nut *-$ oil G: A': D
.esame -*-$ oil G (Indiathe large
Hape seedand Mustard(Habi)
-*-$ oil 7': H: '(India is largest)
4inseed (Habi) !-*-$ oil M': 7' a=ihar
9astor seed -$ G (1!th
'roblems8 oil*seeds
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Draditionally lo5 productivity in oseed production
Input intensive + price volatility
6armers aversion to cultivate oil*
Important or vegetable at
Import rom .E Asian countries
?ighest import bill in ood*basket
Govt" promotion 8 oil*seeds
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Mission on il*seed and oil*palm
Increase oil*seed production "-$year
=ut yet not matched 5ith edible demand
Govt" introduced S@ello5 Hevolutipromote oil*seed cultivation
Dea
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•2eed high rainaTcm
• Dea* roots cannotolerate 5ater*loGro5n on slopes
) ?imalayan slo
) 2ilgiri
India largest prodL$ domesticallyconsumed
Dea8 plantation
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• Introduction by=ritish
• India* largestproducer
•4abour intensi
sector• Important or5omen emplo
>" Fhereas =ritish planters has >
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M
developed tea gardens all alongshi5aliks and lesser ?imalayas
rom Assam to ?imachal'radesh: in eOect they did notsucceed beyond &arJeeling
area" E0plain" ()
) &isappearance o lesser him in >
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M
east
) .teep*slope / absence o
soil1ertile soil!) ?eights / lo5 temp (rost)
) 4o5 population density
-) &i;cult terrain / transportation
issues
K) 6ar a5ay rom ports (Bolkata or9hittagong)
ute
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•Gro5n in highrainall and hu
areas
•Fater*intensiv
• Draditional are
•?ugli basin•.hited to Godbasin
Hetting o ute
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ute
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nce it 5as called Sgolden fber% highest 6HEU earner crop in Indi
Germany* synthetic fber / demadeclined
Doday not so important
2eed more research and innovatpromote Jute
Ecological than synthetic fber
.pices
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• India 5as kno5its spices since
ancient times•.lopes o 5estGhats (largest
•
Assam (9arda•H (chili)
•A' (turmeric)
.pices in BH
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4argest producer o 'epper:9ardamom: Ginger: areca*nut
?ot: ?umid climate (*- cmrainall)
*m height o Festern G
loamy lateritic soilsB2: D2 are other important spiceproducer states
>" 6ollo5ing are theh i i i
>
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'r
characteristics o an area inIndia
" ?ot and ?umid climate
" Annual rainall cm
!" ?ill slopes up to an altitude
o m" Annual range o temperature
- deg to ! deg
Fhich one o the ollo5ing cropslik l f d i h
>
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'r
are you most likely to fnd in thearea described aboveP
a) Mustard
b) 9otton
c) 'epper
d) irginia tobacco
Ans" 9)
>" Dhe lo5er Gangetic plains ischaracteri3ed by humid climate 5ith
>
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'r
characteri3ed by humid climate 5ithhigh temperature throughout theyear" Fhich one the ollo5ing pairso crops is most suitable or thisregionP
a) 'addy and cotton
b) Fheat and utec) 'addy and ute
d) Fheat and cotton
Ans" 9) >
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'r
'addy and ute
.eed Mission (th 'lan) b Min o agri
.eed Mission
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.eed Mission (th 'lan) by Min" o agri
6or maJor - crops
Do increase production o certifed Cuality Do enhance the seed replacement rate (.
Do upgrade Cuality o arm saved seeds
Do establish a seed reserve at regional le
to meet reCuirement during natural calam7p*gradation o public sector seed produagencies"
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