Genetics Edition

Genetics Edition

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GeneGene CrossesCrosses PedigreePedigreeExceptExceptTermsTermsMendelMendel

BiologyBiology

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A: Being a scientist wasn’t Mendel’s main “job”. What job did Mendel have?

$100$100Q: What is a monk?

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A: Mendel grew these plants, known in Latin as Pisum sativum.

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Q: What are pea plants?

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A: Mendel used “pure-breeding” plants for his P generation. These plants had genotypes in which the two alleles in a pair were the same. This term is now used to describe this genotype.

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Q: What is homozygous?

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A: Mendel found that when he crossed purple flowers x white flowers, all the offspring had purple flowers. The purple-flowered offspring were known as this generation.

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Q: What is the F1 generation?

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A: Mendel came up with these two laws of inheritance.

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Q: What are the Law of Segregation and Law of independent assortment?

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A: The study of the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.

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Q: What is genetics?

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A: A trait controlled by this allele masks the effects of other alleles for the same characteristic.

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Q: What is a “dominant” allele?

http://www.supplementsuk.co.uk/gfx/cartoon_muscle.gif

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A: Mendel’s law stating that a pair of alleles is separated during the formation of gametes.

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Q: What is the “Law of Segregation?”

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A: When an offspring has two alleles in a pair that are different.

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Q: What is heterozygous?

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A: The term that describes the process in which a pair of homologous chromosomes does not properly separate; accounts for conditions such as Down’s syndrome.

Image from http://www.i-claudius.com/cartoons/scrapbook02.html

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Q: What is nondisjuction?

$100$100A: There are 23 pairs of these in the

average human cell.

Jeff Johnson www.stewartartists.com

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Q: What are chromosomes?

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A: Where genes are located; this marvelous, magical molecule is composed of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases (A,T,G,C)

www.alumni.ca/~laued3e/ conclusion.html

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Q: What is DNA (or deoxyribonucleic acid) ?

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A: The segments of DNA on a chromosome, called genes, code for the production of these molecules in a cell.

www.mc.maricopa.edu/~tdclark/ biotechnology

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Q: What are proteins?

$400$400 A: Alternative forms of genes are called these.

$400$400 Q: What are alleles?

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A: The genes (alleles) someone inherits is described by this term.

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Q: What is genotype?

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A: Mendel transferred this from the anthers of flowers on one plant to the stigma of flowers on a different plant.

http://www.sem.com/microsco/micrimag.htm

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Q: What is pollen?

http://www.gbrownc.on.ca/~cnowak/1280.html

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A: Mendel crossed true-breeding purple flowered plants with true-breeding white flowered. All F1 generation offspring had this phenotype and genotype.

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Q: What is purple flowers and Pp?

http://www.exn.ca/Stories/1999/10/21/55.asp

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A: If P=purple and p=white, 50% of Mendel’s F2 generation were of this genotype.

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Q: What is Pp?

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A: If a parent has the genotype BbRr for brown hair (B) and rosy lips (R), these would be the possible ways in which alleles might be packaged into gametes.

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Q: What are BR, Br, bR, and br?

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A: The cross BbRr x BBrr results in this fraction of offspring with both brown hair (B) and rosy lips (R).

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Q: What is 1/2?

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A: ABO blood types are an example of this exception to Mendel’s patterns of inheritance, in which both alleles may be dominant simultaneously.

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Q: What is codominance?

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A: The blood type of a person with the genotype ii.

http://www.channelconsultants.net/mcinfo/tourism/wildlife/flora.htm

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A: What is type O?

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A: The blood type that results from a genotype of Iai.

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Q: What is type A?

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A: The blood type that results from a cross between parents with genotypes of IaIa and IbIb.

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Q: What is type AB?

$500$500A: This type inheritance results in

more males than females with the recessive phenotype.

http://www.birchfieldquarterhorses.com/forsale.html

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Q: What is X-linked inheritance?

$100$100 A: The contestant on the far right would be represented on a pedigree by this symbol.

$100$100 Q: What is a circle?

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A: The genotype of a male with colorblindness, an X-lined trait.

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Q: What is XrY?

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A: The symbol,

represents this in a pedigree.

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Q: What is “heterozygous male” (or carrier male)?

$400$400A: The two contestants on the right, if

heterozygous for a trait, would have this percentage of completely black circles or squares on a pedigree.

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Q: What is 25%, or ¼?

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A: The name of this man.

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Q: Who is Alex Trebek?