Freshwater Morphology Study Best Practice Measures Tool Kit Paul Johnston Associates Fisheries...

Freshwater Morphology Study

Best Practice Measures Tool Kit

Paul Johnston AssociatesFisheries Consultants

Risk Assessment RefinementUse field data to refine Article 5 risk assessment pressure thresholds

Aerial ImageryCapture and Processing

Derive Channel TypologiesDevelop Remote Sensing Methods

Fieldwork Contracts 2006 and 2007Morphology and Biology Field Data

Programmes of Measures

Populate a morphology database

Developing the Morphological Assessment ProcessDeveloping the Morphological Assessment Process

RISK

ASSESSMENT

CLASSIFICATION & MONITORING

PoMS STUDY

Decision Support Tool

Risk Assessment RefinementUse field data to refine Article 5 risk assessment pressure thresholds

Aerial ImageryCapture and Processing

Derive Channel TypologiesDevelop Remote Sensing Methods

Fieldwork Contracts 2006 and 2007Morphology and Biology Field Data

Programmes of Measures

Populate a morphology database

Developing the Morphological Assessment ProcessDeveloping the Morphological Assessment Process

RISK

ASSESSMENT

CLASSIFICATION & MONITORING

PoMS STUDY

Decision Support Tool Best Practice Measures Toolkit

Channelisation:• Approach to future river channel works

Capital works & maintenance works

Report contents

Measures to address Morphological Pressures:• Outline of key pressures & impactsOutline of key pressures & impacts• Identification of specific measures to address key Identification of specific measures to address key

pressurespressures

FUTURE CHANNELISATION WORKS?FUTURE CHANNELISATION WORKS?

Further arterial drainage schemes unlikelyFurther arterial drainage schemes unlikely

Channel works will focus on:Channel works will focus on:

Capital works Capital works

- Localised channel works: urban (& rural) flood - Localised channel works: urban (& rural) flood prevention (also road works, bridge construction & prevention (also road works, bridge construction & associated channel realignment)associated channel realignment)

Maintenance works Maintenance works

- Statutory requirement to maintain drainage - Statutory requirement to maintain drainage schemes under Arterial Drainage Act 1945schemes under Arterial Drainage Act 1945

Supplementary measures – Apply morphology measures toolkit to prioritised waterbodiesAwareness programmesVoluntary initiatives eg wetlands / riparian areas

Actions –Morphology monitoring programme

Prescribed basic measures – national regulation systemProtected areas measures – favourable condition requirements

Decision Support Tool

Programmes of Measures

Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)

Supplementary measures – Apply morphology measures toolkit to prioritised waterbodiesAwareness programmesVoluntary initiatives eg wetlands / riparian areas

Actions –Morphology monitoring programme

Prescribed basic measures – national regulation systemProtected areas measures – favourable condition requirements

Decision Support Tool

Programmes of Measures

Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)

Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)

11 Basic measures - legislative and regulatoryBasic measures - legislative and regulatory

22 Supplementary measures:Supplementary measures:

codes of practicecodes of practice

voluntary initiativesvoluntary initiatives

improvement programmesimprovement programmes

Morphology Measures Tool KitMorphology Measures Tool Kit

MORPHOLOGY PRESSURESMORPHOLOGY PRESSURESArticle 5 Pressures and Impacts Analysis

Key morphology pressures:

Channelisation and flood embankmentsChannelisation and flood embankments

Impoundments and regulationImpoundments and regulation

Intensive land useIntensive land use

++

Barriers to migrationBarriers to migration

ANALYSIANALYSISS

Pressure

Sub-pressure

Impact

Measure

ANALYSIANALYSISS

Pressure

Sub-pressure

Impact

Channelisation

Re-sectioning of channel

Measure

Loss of morphological diversity

Narrowing of channel

=

=

=

=

ExampleExample

Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)

Supplementary measures:Supplementary measures:

Morphology Measures Tool KitMorphology Measures Tool Kit

21 measures identified to address21 measures identified to address

morphological pressuresmorphological pressures

Anon (2000) Forestry and Water Quality Guidelines. Forest Service. Department of the Marine and Natural Resources. 13pp.

Anon (2007) Farmer’s Guide to REPS 4. Rural Environment Protection Scheme. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.

Anon (2007a) Guidelines on the Planning, Design, Construction & Operation of Small-Scale Hydro-Electric Schemes and Fisheries. Central & Regional Fisheries Boards & Engineering Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food. Dublin. 52pp.

APEM (1996) Restoration of Riverine Salmon Habitats – A Guidance Manual. R&D Technical Report W44. Environment Agency, Bristol.

FAO/DVWK (2002) Fish passes – Design, dimensions and monitoring. Rome, FAO. 119pp

Irish SuDS: Guidance and Tools. Dublin City Council.

King JJ (2001) The Experimental Drainage Maintenance Programme (EDM) 1997-2001. Summary Report and Recommendations. Central Fisheries Board, Dublin.

King JJ & Wightman GD (2006) The Experimental Drainage Maintenance Programme (EDM) 2002-2006. Management Summary. Central Fisheries Board, Dublin.

Main reference material (1):Main reference material (1):

OPW (2007) Screening of Natura 2000 sites for Impacts of Arterial Drainage Maintenance Operations. Series of Ecological Assessments on Arterial Drainage Maintenance – No 1. Office of Public Works.

O’Grady MF (2006) Channels & Challenges. Enhancing Salmonid Rivers. Irish Freshwater Fisheries Ecology & Management Series: No 4. Central Fisheries Board, Dublin, Ireland.

RRC (2002) Manual of River Restoration Techniques. River Restoration Centre, Silsoe, UKSEPA (2002) Managing River Habitats for Fisheries. SAC.

Summers DW, Giles N & Willis DJ (1996) Restoration of Riverine Trout Habitats – A Guidance Manual. R&D Technical Report W18. Environment Agency, Bristol.

Ward D, Holmes N & José P (1994) The New Rivers and Wildlife Handbook. RSPB, NRA, RSNS, Royal Society for Protection of Birds, 426pp.

WWF (2000) Farming and Watercourse Management. SNH, WWF (Scotland), FWAG, SEPA, SAC.

Main reference material (2):Main reference material (2):

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Flood walls and embankments

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

Flood walls and embankments

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

3 Re-construction of pools

4 Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

Assisted natural

recovery

3 Re-construction of pools

4Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

Assisted natural

recovery

3 Re-construction of pools

4Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

Assisted natural

recovery

3 Re-construction of pools

4Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

Assisted natural

recovery

3 Re-construction of pools

4Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments

6 Removal or re-location of flood banks

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

Assisted natural

recovery

3 Re-construction of pools

4Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments

6 Removal or re-location of flood banks

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

Assisted natural

recovery

3 Re-construction of pools

4Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments

6 Removal or re-location of flood banks

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

Loss of morphological and ecological diversityDisturbance of riverbed and banks/ mobilisation of sediments/ loss of instream and riparian vegetation

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

Assisted natural

recovery

3 Re-construction of pools

4Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments

6 Removal or re-location of flood banks

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

Loss of morphological and ecological diversityDisturbance of riverbed and banks/ mobilisation of sediments/ loss of instream and riparian vegetation

7 Application of OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance guidelines

DRAINAGE MAINTENANCE WORKSDRAINAGE MAINTENANCE WORKS

11 Protect bank slopesProtect bank slopes

22 Restrict maintenance to channelRestrict maintenance to channel

33 Deposit spoil on bank fullDeposit spoil on bank full

44 Selective vegetation removalSelective vegetation removal

55 Leave sections untouchedLeave sections untouched

Best practice measuresBest practice measures

OPW Environmental Drainage MaintenanceOPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance

10 steps10 steps

DRAINAGE MAINTENANCE WORKSDRAINAGE MAINTENANCE WORKSBest practice measuresBest practice measures

OPW Environmental Drainage MaintenanceOPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance

10 steps10 steps

66 Management of treesManagement of trees

77 Manage berms to form 2-stage channelManage berms to form 2-stage channel

88 Replace bouldersReplace boulders

99 Loosen bed gravelsLoosen bed gravels

1010 Excavate poolsExcavate pools

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

Channelisation &

Flood embankments

Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel

Loss of morphological and ecological diversity

1 Re-meandering of straightened channels

2 Narrowing of channels

Assisted natural

recovery

3 Re-construction of pools

4Substrate enhancement

Loss or impairment of riparian zone

5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Flood walls and embankments

Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments

6 Removal or re-location of flood banks

Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)

Loss of morphological and ecological diversityDisturbance of riverbed and banks/ mobilisation of sediments/ loss of instream and riparian vegetation

7 Application of OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance guidelines

8 Incorporation of river restoration & fisheries enhancement projects (see Measures 2-4)

9 Measures to facilitate natural recovery

PRESSURE: Channelisation and flood embankments

Summary of measures:

1. Re-meandering of straightened channels

2. Narrowing of channels

3. Re-construction of pools

4. Substrate enhancement

5. Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

6. Removal or re-location of flood banks

7. Application of OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance guidelines

8. Incorporation of river restoration & fisheries enhancement projects

9. Adjustment of drainage maintenance criteria

PRESSURESUB-

PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES

IMPOUNDMENTS &

REGULATION

PRESSURESUB-

PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES

IMPOUNDMENTS &

REGULATION

Dams & weirs

PRESSURESUB-

PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES

IMPOUNDMENTS &

REGULATION

Dams & weirs Loss of morphological and ecological diversity in impounded reach / Reduction in productivity / Accumulation of sediment upstream / Loss of sediment input downstream

PRESSURESUB-

PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES

IMPOUNDMENTS &

REGULATION

Dams & weirs Loss of morphological and ecological diversity in impounded reach / Reduction in productivity / Accumulation of sediment upstream / Loss of sediment input downstream

10 Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach

PRESSURESUB-

PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES

IMPOUNDMENTS &

REGULATION

Dams & weirs Loss of morphological and ecological diversity in impounded reach / Reduction in productivity / Accumulation of sediment upstream / Loss of sediment input downstream

10 Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach

Inadequate residual flow downstream

PRESSURESUB-

PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES

IMPOUNDMENTS &

REGULATION

Dams & weirs Loss of morphological and ecological diversity in impounded reach / Reduction in productivity / Accumulation of sediment upstream / Loss of sediment input downstream

10 Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach

Inadequate residual flow downstream

11 Adoption of operational protocols

PRESSURE: Impoundments & Regulation

Summary of measures:

10. Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach

11. Adoption of operational protocols

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Forestry operations

Peat extraction

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Forestry operations

Peat extraction

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

Forestry operations

Peat extraction

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations

Peat extraction

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations

Peat extraction

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations

Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects

Peat extraction

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations

Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects

15 Application of best practice guidelines

Peat extraction

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects

15 Application of best practice guidelines

Peat extraction

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects

15 Application of best practice guidelines

Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects

15 Application of best practice guidelines

Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses

16 Operation and maintenance of silt traps

17 De-silting of affected reaches

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects

15 Application of best practice guidelines

Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses

16 Operation and maintenance of silt traps

17 De-silting of affected reaches

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects

15 Application of best practice guidelines

Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses

16 Operation and maintenance of silt traps

17 De-silting of affected reaches

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

Run-off of silt and deposition in watercoursesIncreased peak flowsBank erosion

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

INTENSIVE LAND USE

Over-grazing & bank trampling

Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone

12 Stabilisation of river banks

13 Application of REPS special measures

14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects

15 Application of best practice guidelines

Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses

16 Operation and maintenance of silt traps

17 De-silting of affected reaches

Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc

Run-off of silt and deposition in watercoursesIncreased peak flowsBank erosion

18 Incorporation of SuDS processes

PRESSURE: Intensive land use

Summary of measures:

12. Stabilisation of river banks

13. Application of REPS special measures

14. Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

15. Application of best practice forestry guidelines

16. Operation and maintenance of silt traps at peat extraction sites

17. De-silting of affected river reaches

18. Incorporation of SuDS processes

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

BARRIERS TO

MIGRATION

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

BARRIERS TO

MIGRATION

Dams, weirs, bridge aprons, & culverts

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

BARRIERS TO

MIGRATION

Dams, weirs, bridge aprons, & culverts

Lack of continuityObstruction to migration of fish and invertebrates

PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES

BARRIERS TO

MIGRATION

Dams, weirs, bridge aprons, & culverts

Lack of continuityObstruction to migration of fish and invertebrates

19 Removal of structures

20 Structural modification - construction of fish passes etc

21 Adoption of operational protocols

PRESSURE: Barriers to migration

Summary of measures:

19. Removal of structures

20. Structural modification - construction of fish passes etc

21. Adoption of operational protocols

Full suite of measures:1. Re-meandering of straightened channels

2. Narrowing of channels

3. Re-construction of pools

4. Substrate enhancement

5. Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

6. Removal or re-location of flood banks

7. Application of OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance guidelines

8. Incorporation of river restoration & fisheries enhancement projects

9. Adjustment of drainage maintenance criteria

10. Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach

11. Adoption of operational protocols

12. Stabilisation of river banks

13. Application of REPS special measures

14. Fencing programmes to exclude livestock

15. Application of best practice forestry guidelines

16. Operation and maintenance of silt traps at peat extraction sites

17. De-silting of affected river reaches

18. Incorporation of SuDS processes

19. Removal of structures

20. Structural modification - construction of fish passes etc

21. Adoption of operational protocols