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Free and Open Source Softw
are (FOSS)
for H
umanitarian Applications
Ralph M
orelli
Trinity College
Hartford, C
T, US
ralph.morelli@
trincoll.edu
Royal Academ
y for Overseas Science, Brussels -- April 30, 2009
This w
ork is licensed under the Creative C
omm
ons Attribution-N
oncomm
ercial-Share A
like 3.0 United
States License. To view
a copy of this license, visit http://creativecomm
ons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/
Slide: 2
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Outlin
e
•W
hat is FO
SS?
•H
um
anitarian
FOSS
•G
overnm
ent an
d N
GO
examples
•Sah
ana
•O
pen
MRS
•M
artus
•The B
road
er FOSS M
ovemen
t•
The H
-FOSS Pro
ject
Slide: 3
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
FOSS is freed
om
to …
•…
run
the p
rogram
.
•…
stud
y h
ow
the p
rogram
works.
•…
share
copies w
ith yo
ur n
eighbor.
•…
imp
rove th
e pro
gram
to b
enefit th
e com
munity.
"Free softw
are" is a matter o
f liberty, n
ot p
rice. To
understan
d th
e concep
t, you sh
ould
thin
k of "free"
as in "free sp
eech," n
ot as in
"free beer."
(Rich
ard S
tallman
, The Free S
oftw
are Defin
ition)
ww
w.fsf.org
Slide: 4
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Linux ...
•…
is the kern
el of G
NU
/Linux.
•…
started as a h
obby p
roject in
1991.
•…
a com
munity o
f 1000s o
f develo
pers.
•…
370 M
b o
f code u
nder G
NU
/GPL licen
se.
•…
distrib
uted
by p
rojects (D
ebian
) and co
mpan
ies (Fedora
Red
Hat)
Hello
everybody o
ut th
ere usin
g m
inix - I'm
doin
g a (free) o
peratin
g system
(just a
hobby, w
on't b
e big
and p
rofessio
nal like
gnu) ...
(Linus T
orvald
, Usen
et post, 1
991)
Slide: 5
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
FOSS d
evelopm
ent is ...
•…
based
on th
e com
munity (b
azaar) model.
•…
open
and tran
sparen
t.
•…
a merito
cracy based
on p
eer review.
•…
closely tied
to th
e user co
mm
unity.
•…
release early and o
ften p
hilo
sophy.
Every g
ood w
ork o
f softw
are starts by
scratchin
g a d
eveloper's p
ersonal itch
.
(Eric S
teven R
aymond, T
he C
athed
ral an
d th
e Bazaar)
Slide: 6
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
FOSS p
roducts are p
rotected
...
•…
by free an
d o
pen
licenses.
•…
First: GPL (G
nu G
eneral Pu
blic Licen
se)
•…
Most p
opular: A
pach
e
•…
60+
licenses o
n O
pen
Source In
stitute.
•…
80+
licenses listed
by FS
F.
•…
creative com
mons licen
se.
ww
w.opensource.org
The strateg
ic marketin
g p
aradig
m o
f open
source is
a massively p
arallel dru
nkard
's walk filtered
by a
Darw
inistic p
rocess.
(Bru
ce Perens, T
he E
merg
ing E
conom
ic Parad
ign o
f O
pen
Source, 2
006)
Slide: 7
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
FOSS Licen
ses
Perm
issive – software can becom
e proprietary. S
trongly protective – software cannot becom
e proprietary. W
eakly protective – software co
mponent cannot becom
e proprietary but can be part of a proprietary system
. S
ource: David Wheeler, The F/LO
SS Slide, 2007.
Slide: 8
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Man
y Large S
uccessfu
l Projects
GN
U/Lin
ux
Mozilla Firefox
Apach
eM
ySQ
L
Com
paniesSupportingFO
SS
Grow
th of Open Source Projects
So
urce
forg
e U
sers
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
Jan-0
0Jan-0
1Jan-0
2Jan-0
3Jan-0
4Jan-0
5Jan-0
6Jan-0
7Jan-0
8
Years
Reg
istere
d U
sers
Users
So
urce
forg
e P
roje
cts
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
Jan-0
0Jan-0
1Jan-0
2Jan-0
3Jan-0
4Jan-0
5Jan-0
6Jan-0
7Jan-0
8
Years
Reg
istere
d P
roje
cts
Projects
• Sourcefo
rge.n
et -- the larg
est open
source rep
osito
ry.
173,000 + P
rojects1.8 +
Million M
embers
Source: M
orelli unpublished, 2007
Server Market Share A
ll Dom
ains
Source: http://news.netcraft.com
(April 2009)
Market Share - M
illion Busiest Sites
Source: http://news.netcraft.com
(March, 2009)
Slide: 12
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Freedom
& O
pen
ness E
verywhere
•“S
oftw
are is just th
e beg
innin
g …
open
source is d
oin
g fo
r mass
innovatio
n w
hat th
e assembly lin
e did
for m
ass pro
ductio
n. G
et
read
y fo
r the e
ra w
hen
colla
bo
ratio
n re
pla
ces th
e co
rpo
ratio
n.” -- T
hom
as Goetz, W
ired, 1
1/2
003
Slide: 13
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
FOSS in
Govern
men
t and
NG
Os
Slide: 14
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
FOSS in
Govern
men
t
•Brazil ad
opts o
pen
source (B
BC, Ju
ne 2
005)
•U
N W
orld
Sum
mit o
n In
form
ation S
ociety: R
ichard
Stallm
an p
rom
otes
softw
are freedom
(UN
, Nov. 2
005)
•Fren
ch G
endarm
erie has saved
an estim
ated 5
0 m
illion E
uro
s since 2
004 in
movin
g fro
m M
icroso
ft to U
buntu
/GN
U Lin
ux d
esktop (O
SO
R-E
U, 2
009)
•FO
SS co
sts softw
are vendors $
60 b
illion p
er year (Stan
dish
Gro
up, A
pril
2008)
•Vietn
am: B
y July 2
009 o
f clients o
f gov't IT
must u
se FOSS, in
cludin
g O
pen
Office, M
ozilla T
hunderb
ird, Firefox. (V
ietnam
Net, Jan
. 2009)
•U
K g
ov't backs FO
SS to
avoid
“lock in
” (BBC, Feb
. 2009)
•FLIS
OL: Latin
Am
erican Festivals o
f Installatio
n o
f Free Softw
are (April 2
5,
18 co
untries, 2
00 cities)
•Am
sterdam
: City g
ov't makes O
pen
Office an
d Firefox d
efault o
n all
deskto
ps. (O
SO
R.E
U, A
pril 2
009)
•Sen
. John D
. Rockefeller p
roposes law
to u
se FOSS an
d o
pen
standard
s for
electronic m
edical reco
rds (A
rsTechnia, A
pril 2
009)
Slide: 15
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
FOSS in
NG
Os
•Asp
iration Tech
– co
nnectin
g n
on-p
rofits w
ith so
ftware.
•N
OSI: N
on-p
rofit O
pen
Source In
itiative
•Pen
guin
Days (Ph
iladelp
hia, 2
004)
•F/LO
SS U
sability S
prin
t V (G
oogle, N
ov. 2007)
•SAN
GO
NET: S
. Africa N
GO
Netw
ork
•G
o-O
pen
Source.o
rg (rep
osito
ry)
•N
GO
-in-a-B
ox, Worksh
op #
8, D
elhi (A
pril 2
009)
•TC
O: To
tal Cost o
f Ow
nersh
ip
Slide: 16
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Pros an
d C
ons
+U
ser freedom
.
+O
rgan
izational flexib
ility.
+Cost b
enefit.
+N
o lo
ck-in.
––O
rgan
izational in
ertia.
–To
tal cost o
f ow
nersh
ip.
–
Slide: 17
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Hum
anitarian
FOSS
Hum
anitarian FOSS
•F
ree and open source software for the general public good.
•S
oftware that prom
otes human w
elfare and human rights.
•R
ecognized by Free S
oftware F
oundation (“help thy neighbor”)
•A
dvantages of FO
SS
:
•N
o discrimination on access.
•T
ransparency of the code and the project.
•S
hared use and development.
•A
daptability and local control.
Slide: 19
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Exam
ple: S
ahan
a
Sahana - Disaster M
anagement
•W
eb-based information system
developed after
the 2004 Asian Tsunam
i.
•D
eployments: Pakistan, Philippines, Indonesia,
Peru, Myanm
ar, China (2008).
•Free Softw
are Aw
ard for Social Benefit (2007)
•O
ver 38,000 Sourceforge downloads since 2005
ww
w.sahana.lk
Sahana means relief in Sinhalese
Sahana - Disaster M
anagement
•W
eb-based information system
developed after the 2004
Asian Tsunam
i.
•D
eployments: Pakistan, Philippines, Indonesia, Peru,
Myanm
ar, China (2008).
•Free Softw
are Aw
ard for Social Benefit (2007)
•O
ver 38,000 Sourceforge downloads since 2005
•O
ur work: V
olunteer Managem
ent (VM
) module
•D
eployment: N
YC
, Office of E
mergency M
anagement
•V
MO
SS (Standalone VM
) over 600 downloads in 1 year.
ww
w.sahana.lk
Sahana means relief in Sinhalese
Cam
p Registry
Missing Person R
egistry
Volunteer M
anagement M
odule
Volunteer M
anagement M
odule
•M
ay 2008, China D
eployment
•C
hengdu, Colom
bo, NY
C,
Hartford collaboration.
•B
log: http://blog.hfoss.org/
Portab
le Open
Search I
den
tification T
ool
•Crisis R
ecovery Tool: V
ictim S
earch
and D
iscovery
•G
oogle A
ndro
id FO
SS
•O
pen
Han
dset A
lliance
•Ph
one, G
PS, C
amera, W
iFi, Com
pass
•co
de.g
oogle.co
m/p
/posit-an
dro
id
•Prasan
na G
autam
(Trinity, 2
011)
Slide: 27
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Exam
ple:O
pen
MRS
Open M
edical Record System
•E
lectronic Medical R
ecord System started in 2004.
•D
eveloped by Partners in Health and R
egenstrief Institute.
•G
oal: Self-sustaining health IT for developing w
orld.
•Im
plemented In: R
wanda, K
enya, South Africa, L
esotho,
Zim
babwe, M
ozambique, U
ganda, Tanzania, Haiti.
•Supporters: W
HO
, CD
C, R
ockefeller Foundation, Google
Summ
er of Code.
Open M
edical Record System
Open M
edical Record System
Open M
edical Record System
OpenM
RS – O
ur Contribution
•H
-FOSS Sum
mer Institute 2007, 2008, 2009
•Touchscreen Toolkit (G
iovanni Capalbo, T
rinity, '08)
•Sourceforge: A
utoTouch, 70+ downloads
•Im
age capture and upload (Rachel Foecking, T
rinity '11)
•N
on-numeric data representation (V
. Agraw
al, Trinity '10)
Slide: 33
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Touch
screen M
odule
Slide: 34
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
Exam
ple: M
artus
•Secure softw
are for documenting hum
an rights information.
•B
ased on strong encryption.
•D
eveloped in 2003 by Benetech (M
otto: Technology serving hum
anity.)
•D
ownloaded into m
ore than 70 countries (Darfur, B
urma,...).
•Support: U
S State Dept., O
pen Society Inst., MacA
rthur Foundation.
•Partners: International H
uman R
ights in Law
Institute (IH
RL
I), Hum
an Rights in C
hina (HR
IC), D
arfur Peace and D
evelopment (D
PAD
O).
Martus is the G
reek work for w
itness.
Slide: 36
The H
umanitarian-F
OS
S P
roject R
AO
S, B
russels April 30, 2009
•M
otivatio
n (D
avid Patterso
n, A
CM
)•
Let’s join
the o
pen
source m
ovemen
t!•
Let’s help
our n
eighbors!
•Sah
ana (Trish
an d
e Lanero
lle, Trinity '0
4)
•O
ur N
SF-C
PATH
Gran
t
•Can
these in
itiatives help
revitalize the
com
putin
g ed
ucatio
n?
•H
ow
should
FOSS b
e integ
rated in
to th
e
underg
raduate cu
rriculu
m?
References
● Brazil: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4602325.stm● French G
endarmerie saving m
illions: http://www.osor.eu/news/fr-gendarm
erie-saves-millions-with-open-desktop-and-web-applications
● Standish report: ● Rockefeller law: http://arstechnica.com
/open-source/news/2009/04/senator-opens-source-software-needed-for-medical-records.ars
● Brazil: http://northxsouth.com/brazil/
● Vietnam: http://english.vietnam
net.vn/tech/2009/01/822425/● UK: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7910110.stm● UN: http://www.itu.int/wsis/tunis/newsroom
/highlights/18nov.html
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