Francisco Pizzaro & The Incas The Great Inca Rebellion 1532-1533

Francisco Pizzaro&

The Incas

The Great Inca Rebellion1532-1533

Common Core

• 5.H.1.1- Evaluate the relationships between European explorers (French, Spanish and English) and American Indian groups, based on accuracy of historical information (beliefs, fears and leadership).

What I will Know

• 5.H.1.1 - How European explorers and American Indian groups interacted with each other.

What I will Understand

• 5.H.1.1- Relationships between different cultural groups can have both positive and negative effects based upon their interactions with one another.

Francisco PizarroSpanish Conquistador

• “Courage, guns, and steel weapons give us such an advantage that we can vanquish thousands”

• Francisco Pizarro

Francisco Pizzarro

• http://www.biography.com/people/francisco-pizarro-9442295

The Inca People

• http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-rise-of-the-incas

The Discovery• In 2004 the city of Lima was

going to build a highway on the outskirts of Lima

• A team of scientists/archeologists wanted to dig the area because they believed their was an Incan grave site where they were going to put the new highway

• Very quickly they found the grave site

Grave Site• At first they found about 20

graves all people buried in the graves were in an upright position facing the sun as was Incan custom

• Later in the dig they noticed something very strange

• Above the normal graves were more graves but the bodies were lying down which was not in Incan tradition when burying the dead

The Importance of the Dead

• The burying of the dead was of high importance to the Incan people

• They needed to be in an upright position facing the sun god so they could be reincarnated

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g15YujwcU3w

Archeologists are Startled

• When the team of scientists/archeologist begin to examine the skeletons of the strange grave site they are shocked– Bones crushed and

violently broken– Skulls with holes

Mochito

• One skeleton who archeologists named Mochito was (the severed one) because of his horrific injuries

Mochito

• A bio-archeologist examined Mochito and concluded he had died a violent death– “the index, middle, and ring

finger on the left hand had been perhaps cut off or twisted off”

– “He clearly received some sort of blow to the face”

– “He also has a perimortema fracture to the ribs and a bad break to the femur”

Mochito• Mochito had wounds that could not

have been from Inca war weapons

• The wounds were from sharp metal weapons

• These were weapons that the Inca did not have yet, weapons only carried by Spaniards

• These Incan bodies were the first ever discovered that had been victims of the Spanish Conquistadors

Spanish Conquistadors

• The Spanish brought with them 2 things that the Incans had never seen.– Horses– Guns & Steel Weapons– Disease

Spanish Horses• Horses allowed the Spanish to travel

fast through open fields and through the woods

• Horses helped the Spanish outrun the weapons thrown at them

• Horses also spooked the Incas because they had never seen them before

• A pack of horses that had escaped from Pizzaro & Cortez formed the wild Mustangs that roam the hearland

Guns & Steel Weapons

• The Conquistadors carried

• Harquebus was the equivalent of a rifle. It could be fired one time and would have to be reloaded

• Cross bows were heavy duty bow and arrows that shoot accurately up to 40-50 ft

Guns & Steel Weapons• Lances were used by Spanish

Calvary before they drew their swords. The lance (big spear) was used as a close combat weapon from a horse

• Swords were used after the lances and were used to clip off heads and arms of the enemy whiling riding on a horse

• Falconets were small cannons that were fired from a distance at large groups of Incas

The Incas already falling• The Incas were like the

Romans of South America

• They had been conquering every other Native American tribe in the Andes Mountain Range for the last 100 years

• After your territory had been conquered by the Incans you could either join the Incas or die

The Incas already falling• Their territory had gotten so big that

King Atahualpa could no longer control it

• Many of the Inca Territories to the South had grown tired of King Atahualpa rule

• Many of those Incan territories had joined with the Spanish to take back their Kingdoms that the Incas had conquered

• Without help from the Southern Incans the Spanish would have never taken the Incan empire

Be Careful what you Believe• The Spanish Conquistadors

were mostly illiterate (they could not read or write)

• The Conquistadors were mostly from rural parts of Spain had agreed to go on this adventure with Pizzaro because it paid very well

• 5.H.1.1- The writing of the events were done mostly by scribes

Be Careful what you Believe• 5.H.1.1- Many writings by the

scribes were exaggerated to glorify the Spaniards

• 5.H.1.1- The stories go on & on about how the Spaniards face huge Incan armies and defeat them against all odds

• 5.H.1.1- They also conveniently left out the fact that thousands of angry Incans fought on the side of the Spanish

One Story, Two Truths (Spanish)

• 5.H.1.1- We approached a massive Incan army waiting to slaughter us

• We fearlessly rode into battle fighting the great and capturing its leader

• The men fought heroically against all odds

One Story, Two Truths (Incas)• 5.H.1.1- The Incas are celebrating a

battle victory over another Native Tribe

• The Inca are totally unarmed

• The Spanish ride down the mountain side and massacre the Incas

• They kidnap King Atahualpa and demand a huge ransom of gold

• After the Incans pay the ransom in gold Pizzaro executes the great king any way

The Real Truth• The Incas version of the truth

was real as it was proven by Latin American history and corroborated by small amounts of Spanish scribes

• After the Spanish kill King Atahualpa they march to the capital city Cuzco and take the city with ease.

• Within 3 months the Inca Empire belongs to Pizzaro

The Great Rebellion

• For the next 4 years the Inca people amass an army and attack Cuzco & Lima

• The Natives would not let Pizzaro have the Empire of the Incas without a fight

The Story of the Siege of Lima

• August of 1536 the city of Lima is only a year and a half old

• An estimated 40,000-50,000 Incan soldiers surround Lima

• They were there to pay Pizzaro a visit and reclaim the Incan territory

• Pizzaro is heavily outnumbered

The Story of the Siege of Lima

• The Spanish scribes write that in a bold move Pizzaro takes his Calvary and rides right into the middle of the Incan army to attack their leader

• The story goes that the Incans scatter and the Incan leader is killed

• Was this the real story??

The Story of the Siege of Lima

• Remember Mochito

• Of all the burials Mochito’s stands out. He must have been a leader

• Mochito however didn’t die of Spanish guns or steel but of the blunt force of a club, from another Incan

• That’s right the Siege of Lima was won by other Incans fighting along side Pizzaro

The Story of the Siege of Lima

• Upon Pizzaro landing in South America met and married a young Incan girl named Quispe sita to create an alliance

• In exchange Quispe Sita and her people would be granted the freedom that the Inca ruler Atahualpa wouldn’t let them have

• Pizzaro’s young Inca wife was there the day of the Siege on Lima

• She sent 3 messengers to her mother who was a Chief of another Inca Territory to the south

The Story of the Siege of Lima

• Quispe Sita’s mother quickly dispatched a huge army to help Pizzarro

• The Quispe Sita Inca army met the Inca Rebellion Army (which was actually more like 6,000-7,000 men)

• Quispe Sita’s army destroyed the Inca Rebellion Army as the Spanish stayed behind and watched

The Story of the Siege of Lima

• In the end it was Native Inca who allied with Pizzaro who conquered the vast Inca Empire and Pizzaro who took credit

• 5.H.1.1- For the alliance Quispe Sita received death

• She and her people were introduced to Small Pox which they had no immunity to

• It wiped out almost her whole tribe

• That is the real story of Pizzaro and his conquest of the Incan Empire

Mochito

• As for Mochito, this was the likely scenario

The Final Story

Important Points• The relationship between Quespe

Sita, her people & Pizzarro and his people was beneficial to Pizzarro but not to Quespe Sita’s people

• The Inca Empire was taken by Pizzaro by allying with Quespe Sita

• Francisco Pizzaro is given credit for conquering the Inca people

• The chronicles (book) written by the Spanish scribes gives credit to the Spaniards and hardly any to the Inca people that helped Pizzaro

• The final battle that destroyed the Inca Empire was called the Siege of Lima

• The Inca Empire was located in Peru, South America

• Spanish introduced horses to South America and Mexico

• The Spanish hardly fought the Incas at all they let the Southern Incas do it