For each picture write down the first thing that comes to your mind…

For each picture write down the first thing that comes to your

mind…There is no wrong answer!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVbkz_3lO3c

What is Genocide?What is Genocide?

• The systematic killing of a group of The systematic killing of a group of people on the basis of a defining people on the basis of a defining characteristic (religion, race, characteristic (religion, race, ethnicity, etc)ethnicity, etc)

• OR the deliberate murder of a certain OR the deliberate murder of a certain group of peoplegroup of people

• Geneva Convention (1948)…Countries Geneva Convention (1948)…Countries wanted to ensure another genocide wanted to ensure another genocide would not occur so many met to would not occur so many met to define characteristics of a genocidedefine characteristics of a genocide

Genocide CharacteristicsGenocide Characteristicsa)a) Killing members of a group; Killing members of a group;

Causing serious bodily injury or Causing serious bodily injury or mental harmmental harm

b)b) Creating Creating living conditions living conditions with with the intent to bring about the the intent to bring about the group’s destruction group’s destruction

c)c) Imposing measures to Imposing measures to prevent prevent births births within the groupwithin the group

d)d) Forcibly transferring children Forcibly transferring children of the group to another groupof the group to another groupAny country that determines genocide Any country that determines genocide is occurring must act to stop it.is occurring must act to stop it.

Genocide in HistoryGenocide in History

• Europe (Holocaust)Europe (Holocaust)• ChechnyaChechnya• Cambodia – Pol PotCambodia – Pol Pot• Native AmericansNative Americans• SomaliaSomalia• RwandaRwanda• SudanSudan

Why does Africa have so Why does Africa have so many incidents of many incidents of

Genocide?Genocide?

• Answers may varyAnswers may vary– Lack of education: No other Lack of education: No other

alternative knownalternative known– Imperialism: Africa was divided by Imperialism: Africa was divided by

Europeans, no regards to ethnic Europeans, no regards to ethnic tensions tensions

RwandaRwanda

A Story of GenocideA Story of Genocide

BackgroundBackground

Hutus• Majority - 80%• “More black looking”• Migrated from

southern Africa• Hutus found

themselves as laborers and farmers

Tutsis• Minority - 20%• “More white looking”• Migrated from

Northern Africa (Egypt)

• Educated elite and political rulers

Two ethnic groups in Rwanda: Hutu and Tutsis lived peacefully until the Europeans arrived

BackgroundBackground

• Belgium took it over in 1918 from Germany

• Put Tutsis in charge• Handed out “ethnic

identity cards”• Education only open

to Tutsis• Hutus could only be

laborers or low level workers

IndependenceIndependence

• Belgium decides to leave Rwanda and grants independence to Rwanda

• Hutu majority took control

• Hutu persecuted/killed the Tutsis because of years of resentment and former horrible treatment…payback time

• Many Tutsis move to neighboring countries for safety

Assassination and Assassination and Civil WarCivil War• Tutsis rebel group formed in neighboring countries and

invaded Rwanda• Hutu president decides to compromise with Tutsis and

agrees to share power• 2500 United Nations troops sent to Rwanda to help keep

peace• Unhappy with power sharing agreement, Hutu extremists

start planning genocide• On April 6, 1994, Rwandan President is assassinated• Hutu extremists begin killing Tutsis and blame them for

the murder of their president…civil war has broken out and the genocide begins!

Rwanda (1994)Rwanda (1994)Deaths: 800,000 to over

1million • REMEMBER: Tutsis =

whiter looking, educated while the Hutus = blacker looking, laborers

• Hutus attacked Tutsis over past discrimination

• Attacked with garden tools, machetes, and household items

• Hutu civilians had to kill neighbors and family members

The GenocideThe Genocide

• Although the killing was performed mostly by machetes, it was carried out at dazzling speed: of an original population of about 7.5 million, at least 800,000 people were killed in about 100 days.

• The dead of Rwanda accumulated at nearly 3 times the rate of Jewish dead in the Holocaust.

• It is one of the most efficient mass killings in the history of the world

Global UnresponsivenessGlobal Unresponsiveness

• No political or economic interests

• Little press coverage• Lack of public support• Racism

– Bloodshed in Africa not unusual

• Not willing to make financial sacrifices

• Feared calling it genocide

Hotel RwandaHotel Rwanda and Paul and Paul RusesabaginaRusesabagina

• Hutu• Wife and children were

Tutsi• Manager of the Mille

Collines Hotel • Used his power to hide

Tutsis in his hotel• Saved over 1200 people

Genocide VocabularyGenocide Vocabulary

Perpetrators- those people or groups of people carrying out genocide

Bystanders- those people or groups of people that do not intervene and allow a genocide

Rescuers- those people or groups of people that intervene to relieve or stop a genocide

Movie Time!!!

• Hotel Rwanda with video questions

Post Genocide• Ended in the summer of

1994• NO govt to run hospitals,

schools, shelters, food programs, or factories

• NO public utilities like telephones, electricity, or water

• NO leaders – most killed or fled

• Govt in chaos and people have no help

Post Genocide

• Survivors are scattered • Families gone• Villages destroyed• Orphans with no one to

care for them• Thousands lost homes

and land• 3.5 million (mostly Hutus)

fled to neighboring countries – living in refugee camps…how do they get home? Do they go home?

Rwandan Refugee Camp

Responses and Rebuilding• International aid groups gave

food and shelter• 1994, Rwandan Patriotic Front

(military that ended the genocide) established a new govt “Government of National Unity”

• They worked with 7 other political parties to rebuild education, health, and economic systems

• Also created the Genocide Survivors Fund and Human Rights Commission (help survivors and ensure all people get their basic rights)

• In 2000, Major General Paul Kagame became the 5th president of Rwanda and a new flag was revealed in 2001

Lessons Learned

• In 1994, UN Secretary General admitted that the international community failed the people of Rwanda

• In 1998, President Clinton apologized for not responding

• International call for a system to identify potential genocides in the earliest stage and to intervene…Sudan today