FOOD PAC - Department of Planning PAC Slides... · 11/04/2019  · Baltimore MARC Station (2018)...

FOOD PAC

Baltimore City Department of PlanningApril 11, 2019

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INTRODUCTIONS

1. Name2. Organization3. Updates4. What you remember

the most about school lunch as a child

PIMLICO ELEMENTARY MIDDLE SCHOOLhttps://www.designcollective.com/portfolio/project/baltimore-city-public-schools--pimlico-elementary-middle-renovations-additions/

TRANSPORTATION – POLICY & PRACTICE

Integrating ‘Food Access’ into Policy and Practice

Food PAC4.11.2019

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Contents• Transportation and Food Access

• Integrate into Service and Infrastructure decision-making

• Opportunities at Rail Stations

• Working Together

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• New Service Guidelines– “Retail – min. 200k sq ft”

Integrated into Policy

• Boardings• Transfers• Frequency• Title VI• Human Service Facilities• Operator Reliefs

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• Supermarket is > ¼ mile

• MHI =< 185% Federal Poverty Level

• Over 30% Households have no vehicle available

• Average Healthy Food Availability Index (AHFAI) for all food stores is low

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Rail Transit:• Metro SubwayLink• Light RailLinkBus Transit:• CityLink (12)• LocalLink (44)• Expres BusLink (9)

BaltimoreLink System

Frequent Transit Network

Every 10-15 minutes all day (7am – 7pm)

• All CityLink Routes (12)• LocalLinks: 22, 26, 30, 54, 80

*Every route serves a Supermarket (1/8 mile buffer)

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‘Produce in a SNAP’

• Select Wednesdays at West Baltimore MARC Station (2018)

• ‘Rescued’ produce destined for the land fill

• Market stands with variety bags for $7

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• Integrate food access into transit policies, vice versa• Engage BFPI/Food PAC in service changes• Be active in public market redevelopment• Expand food retail options at stations

Working Together

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• West Baltimore MARC• Rogers Metro SubwayLink• Patapsco Light RailLink

Expand Market Stands

Service Planning Timeline

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DRAFT

TRANSPORTATION - RESEARCH

An Analysis of the Disparity in Access to Healthy Food in Baltimore City

Food PACApril 11, 2019

Celeste Chavis, PhD, PE

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Access to Stores

Types ofGroceryStudies

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Adapted from Walker (20

Access to Stores # of supermarkets,

quality of food based on income, race

Higher at convenience stores, urban food deserts, rural areas

Grocery stores have higher quality than

convenience stores; foods in non-food

deserts are of higher quality

Foods within urban and rural areas are limited in type and number

Price of items at chain stores 10–40% less

than non chain stores

High obesity rates linked to living in

food desert

Fewer stores in low income areas;

residents travel further

Identifying a Food Insecure Area

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Food Desert

Vehicle Access

IncomeDistance

Motivation

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Problem StatementThere is a need to better understand grocery store travel choices in order to determine areas where grocery access is limited

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Data Collection Process● 271 online surveys promoted via social

media● 13 In-person hack driver interviews

throughout April 2018 at:○ Shoppers in Mondawmin○ Giant on 33rd and ○ Food Depot in West Side Plaza in April

2018

● 272 In-person surveys at the following locations:○ Food Depot - Belair Rd○ Food Depot - Frederick Rd○ Shoppers - Mondawmin○ Safeway - Charles St○ Save-a-lot - Pennsylvania○ Save-a-lot - N Caroline St○ Lexington Market

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Steps – Geographic Cleaning● 301 online surveys + 272 in -person surveys = 573 surveys

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Removed non-Baltimore City, No

home zip code

Removed zip codes outside of Baltimore

City

Geocode home and

store locationsReview

responses

536 527 519 516Home – 447Store – 454Both – 403

Number of Respondents by Zip Code

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Of the 447 respondents with home location:● 137 (30%) lived in Baltimore Healthy

Food Priority Area● 201 (45%) lived in USDA Food Desert

Area based on 0.5 mi ● 166 (37%) lived in USDA Food Desert

Area based on Vehicle Access

DemographicsAge

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Income Race7%

29%

20%

17%

17%

11% 11%

19%

18%16%

7%

28%1%

64%2%1%

4%

28%

Number of Respondents by Primary Store● 10% of sample chose a non -

grocery store for primary store○ 25 Superstores

Walmart SC○ 13 Big Box Stores

Costco, Sam’s, Walmart○ 2 Farm ers Marke t

Waverly○ 2 Sm all Groce rs

7 Miles, Po Tung Trading○ 1 Conven ience Store

Family Dollar

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Home vs. Preferred Store Location

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Shoppers @ Mondawmin Bel-Garden Bi-RiteMOMs

Common Assumptions in Food Desert Metr● Based on

residential location

● People shop at grocery store closest to home

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Origin of Grocery Store Trip Shop at Nearest Store

NoVehicle Vehicle

Yes 61% 52%No 39% 48%

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

% b

y Ve

hicl

e O

wne

rshi

p

No, 45%Yes, 55%

Vehicle Access

Frequency of Visits (# per month)

Number of Stores visited in a Month

Quality (HFAI Score)

N Mean N Mean N Mean

No Vehicle 196 3.76 196 2.38 145 27.4

Vehicle 310 5.04 310 2.70 214 28.0

Sig .000 .000 .000

● Most important indicator of grocery accessibility● Quality of grocery store was correlated with income

Preferred Mode to Store for Carless Househ

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● Car share is not used for grocery trips

● Ride-hailing apps & Hacks are both used● Ride-hailing apps were

used across all income levels

● Hacks more used with income < 50k

● Majority of those who walked were < 0.5 mi from store

Role of Hacks● Friday & Saturday are busiest day● First week of the month the busiest period of the month● Provide a service - regular customers, help with bags● Fare structure is varied. Generally $5 -10 based on distance● TNCs have had minimal impact on businesses● Most customers live within 10 min of store● Regular customers travel round trip, non -regular customers use hacks for

return trip● Majority (~75%) of customers are female● Customers have 15 -30 bags

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Role of Alternative Food Delivery

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Less than$20,000

$20,000to

$34,999

$35,000to

$49,999

$50,000to

$74,999

$75,000or

$99,999

$100,000and

higherTakeout Service 56% 55% 51% 60% 57% 60%Grocery Pickup 13% 10% 12% 6% 5% 5%Meal Prep 6% 5% 8% 10% 16% 33%Grocery Delivery 16% 14% 22% 23% 22% 28%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

% o

f Res

pons

es b

y In

com

e

TakeoutService

GroceryPickup Meal Prep Grocery

DeliveryNo Vehicle 61% 9% 6% 18%Vehicle 52% 10% 14% 21%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

% o

f Res

pons

es b

y Ve

hicl

e Av

aila

bilit

y

Conclusions● Vehicle ownership is most significant predictor of grocery store

access● Metrics based only on distance to nearest store do not reflect

reality● Public transit is not readily used for grocery shopping● Adoption of takeout services (e.g. UberEats) is growing but

adoption of grocery delivery services is slow

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Thank you

Celeste Chavisceleste.chavis@morgan.edu443-885-5061

DISCUSSION GROUPS

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TABLE DISCUSSIONS

Equity Considerations*1. What existing racial inequities influence how

people live related your topic (food waste, transportation, use of dollar stores)?

2. How could/do policies, initiatives, programs, or budget issues related to your topic (food waste, transportation, use of dollar stores) increase or decrease racial equity? What are potential unintended consequences? What benefits may result?

*Adapted from Seattle Race and Social Justice Initiative - Racial Equity Toolkit to Assess Policies, Initiatives, Programs, and Budget Issueshttps://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/RSJI/RacialEquityToolkit_FINAL_August2012.pdf

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DISCUSSION GROUPS

1. Food WasteAva Richardson

2. Dollar StoresMarie Anderson

3. TransportationAlice Huang

CONTACT INFORMATIONAlice HuangFood Access PlannerAlice.Huang@baltimorecity.gov