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FIO Block Grants - Final Report
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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY: COASTWATCH
Ian MacDonald, PI.
Professor
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science,
117 N. Woodward Avenue
Florida State University
Tallahassee, Fl 32306-4320
TEL: (850) 644-5498
FAX: -2820
imacdonald@fsu.edu
Richard A. Snyder, Co-PI
Professor and Director
Center for Environmental Diagnostics and
Bioremediation (CEDB) http://uwf.edu/cedb/
University of West Florida
11000 University Parkway
Pensacola, FL 32514
TEL: (850) 474-2806
FAX: -3130
rsnyder@uwf.edu
SCIENCE ACTIVITIES
1) General Summary
The FSU team and its collaborating group at University of West Florida have achieved two
major deliverables: 1) Sea-level sampling and analysis of the oil on the ocean bottom and in the
water column offshore the Florida panhandle to provide regular ground truth for the remote
sensing and NRDA level demonstration of oil properties, distribution, and impact. 2)
Compilation of comprehensive remote sensing database of satellite and aerial imaging of the
Deepwater Horizon Discharge. In addition, project team members have collaborated with
investigators from the FSU Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction Studies (COAPS) to
develop a preliminary model of oil dispersion on the ocean surface. The FSU team also
collaborated with the USGS group of Dr. Ken Sulak (Gainsville, FL) to survey damaged corals
in mesophotic reef setting.
2) Results and scientific highlights
Field Sampling Coast Watch Stations
This project established sampling transects with stations every 5 miles from the coastline out
across the West Florida Panhandle Bight (WFPB) continental shelf to provide time series data on
hydrographic and biological features of the WFPB, and any lingering oil contamination
upwelling out of DeSoto canyon or deposited on the bottom across the shelf (Figures 1, 5, 6).
These sites were visited for sampling on 12 separate cruises. The monitoring detected trace
levels of hydrocarbons in water and sediment samples, but did not document PAH concentrations
above chronic exposure hazard limits (Figures 8, 9, 10).
Field Sampling Mesophotic Reefs
- We visited known coral communities on the outer shelf including Madison Swanson,
Rough Tongue Reef, and Alabama Alps and surveyed fish and sessile fauna for possible
damages resulting from oil (Figure 7)
- We documented numerous examples of damaged soft corals (sea fans) at Alabama Alps
Reef and Rough Tongue Reef, but saw no damages in the Madison Swanson Marine
Reserve (Figures 3, 4).
FIO Block Grants - Final Report
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- We established six reference stations at each of the two sites so that coral recovery could
be monitored in the future.
Remote sensing
- We adapted a previously developed image processing algorithm called TCNNA which
processes satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data (Figure 2, 5).
- We compiled aerial and sea-level photography collected during the spill. Photographs
were georeferenced and are available in a geodatabase.
- A geodatabase of response operations has been constructed. This geodatabase contains
shapefiles of dispersant applications and burning operations that are used for the remote
sensing interpretation of the satellite images.
- We analyzed the signal response of oil in different remote sensing platforms. A
comparison of oil imaged features in optical satellite imagery and SAR has been carried
out. We are currently developing an algorithm to merge optical and SAR data to extract
contour outlines of layers of oil with different thickness.
- A detailed analysis of the natural hydrocarbon seepage in the macondo area has been
carried out. 76 High resolution SAR images were collected in the fall of 2011, the
prescence of 19 previously detected natural seep sites was confirmed, and 2 new sites
were added to our seep sites database.
3) Cruises & field expeditions
Ship or Platform Name
Chief Scientist Objectives Dates
R/V Bellows Snyder Water column and sediment sampling on Florida Panhandle Bight Shelf and head of DeSoto Canyon: Physcial, Biological and Chemical data collection
22-25 Jan 2011
R/V Bellows Snyder Same 21-24 Feb 2011
R/V Weatherbird II Snyder Same 21-24 Mar 2011
R/V Weatherbird II Snyder Same 21-24 May 2011
R/V Weatherbird II Snyder Same 12-15 Jun 2011
R/V Bellows Snyder Same 25-28 Aug 2011
M/V Holiday Chouest Sulak/MacDonald Mesophotic Reef Damage assessment 14-24 Sept 2011
R/V Bellows Snyder Same 28-30 Sept 2011
R/V Bellows Snyder Same 19-22 Oct 2011
R/V Weatherbird II MacDonald Benthic camera survey, DeSoto canyon 16-19 Nov 2011
R/V Weatherbird II Snyder Same 13-6 Dec 2011
R/V Weatherbird II Jeffrey Same 19-22 Feb 2012
R/V Bellows Snyder Same 17-20 Mar 2012
R/V Bellows Snyder Same 5-7 May 2012
4) Peer-reviewed publications, if planned (Note: a special section will focus on student and
post-doctoral publications)
Snyder, R.A., M. Ederington-Hagy, F. Hileman, J. Moss, L. Amick, R. Carruth, M. Gaona,
and J. Marks. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations across the Florida Panhandle
Bight Shelf after the BP MC 252 well failure. Estuaries and Coasts (in preparation).
FIO Block Grants - Final Report
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Snyder, R.A., M. Ederington-Hagy, W.H. Jeffrey, and I. MacDonald. Impacts to deep
benthos from the BP MC252 well failure: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in
sediments and damage to deep water corals. ES&T
5) Presentations and posters
Title Presenter Authors Meeting or Audience Abstract
published (Y/N)
Date
Remote sensing
overview of BP oil
discharge from
satellite SAR data
Garcia-
Pineda
Oscar Garcia-Pineda;
Ian R. MacDonald;
Steve Moorey;
AGU Fall Meeting
2011, San
Francisco
Y 12/5/2011
Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon
concentrations
across the Florida
Panhandle Bight
Shelf after the BP
MC 252 well failure
Snyder Richard A. Snyder,
Melissa Ederington-
Hagy, Fredrick
Hileman, Joseph
Moss, Lauren Amick,
Rebecca Carruth,
Marie Gaona, and Joel
Marks
Coastal and
Estuarine Research
Federation
yes Nov 2011
Natural and
Unnatural oil in the
Gulf of Mexico
MacDonald MacDonald, I.R.
Garcia-Pineda, O.
Morey, S.
AGU Fall Meeting,
2011, San
Francisco
Y 12/5/2011
Remote Sensing
Overview Of Bp Oil
Discharge From
Satellite Sar Data
Garcia-
Pineda
Garcia-Pineda,
Oscar; MacDonald,
Ian; Morey, Steve.
Ocean Sciences
Meeting. Salt Lake
City
Y 2/20-
25/2012
Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon
concentrations
across the Florida
Panhandle Bight
Shelf after the BP
MC 252 well
failure.
Snyder Richard A. Snyder,
Wade Jeffrey, Melissa
Ederington-Hagy,
Fredrick Hileman,
Joseph Moss, Lauren
Amick, Rebecca
Carruth, Marie Gaona,
and Joel Marks.
Gulf of Mexico:
Oil spill &
Ecosystem Science
Conference, New
Orleans, Louisiana
y January
21-23,
2013
A time series
hydrographic dataset
for the northeastern
Gulf of Mexico
Tominack Sarah Tominack,
Marine Gaona, Jesse
Rosenbalm, Chelsea
Hester, Joseph Moss,
Wade Jeffrey and
Richard Snyder.
Gulf of Mexico:
Oil spill &
Ecosystem Science
Conference, New
Orleans, Louisiana
y January
21-23,
2013
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6) Other products or deliverables
At www.sarsea.org, we developed a section titled “Oil Spill Monitoring”. This section
contained daily monitoring analysis during and after the spill. Here we make available to the
research community a catalog of shapefiles from our satellite image processing and also
ancillary data.
7) Data:
We downloaded, analyzed and processed 486 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images
collected during the spill. A geodatabase of this catalog of images it is been posted at
www.sarsea.org
FIO Block Grants - Final Report
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Site locations for COASTWATCH monitoring are as follows:
Pensacola Bay
Station ID Latitude N Longitude W Depth m Sediment type
P1 30 15 87 15 18 Sand
P2 30 10 87 15 22 Sand
P3 30 05 87 15 33 Sand
P4 30 00 87 15 32 Sand
P5 29 55 87 15 48 Sand + shell
P6 29 50 87 15 81 Sand
P7 29 45 87 15 152 Mud
P8 29 35 87 15 289 Mud
P9 29 25 87 15 478 Mud
Destin-Choctawhatchee Bay
Station ID Latitude N Longitude W Depth m Sediment type
C1 30 20 86 40 25 Sand
C2 30 15 86 40 25 Sand
C3 30 10 86 40 30 Sand
C4 30 05 86 40 51 Sand + shell
C5 30 00 86 40 95 Fine sandy mud
C6 29 55 86 40 112 Mud
C7 29 50 86 40 127 Mud
C8 29 40 86 40 185 Mud
C9 29 30 86 40 272 Mud
Panama City- St Andrews Bay
Station ID Latitude N Longitude W Depth m Sediment type
A1 30 08 85 46.5 18 Sand + shell
A2 30 04 85 49 21 Sand
A3 29 59.5 85 52 26 Sand + shell
A4 29 55 85 55.25 35 Sand + shell
A5 29 51.25 85 58 37 Fine Sand
A6 29 47 86 01 40 Fine Sand + shell
A7 29 42.75 86 03.5 48 Shell
A8 29 38.75 86 06.5 54 Fine Sand
A9 29 34.75 86 09.5 89 Fine sandy mud
DeSoto Canyon
Station ID Lat N Long W Depth m Sed, type
D1 29 31.292 87 1.0757 833 Mud
D2 29 17.6 87 00.0 1720 Mud
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Parameters measured at each site/cruise are as follows:
Physical Oceanography (1) Hydrographic (CTD) data collection for the full water column covering the head of DeSoto canyon and adjacent shelf (Temp, Sal., DO, Chl and CDOM fluor., Turbidity)
(2) PAR, UVA & UVB profiles
Chemical Oceanography
(1) Water chemistry: total and dissolved nutrients
Geological Oceanography Sediment sampling
(1)three replicate sediment Shipek grabs- sub-cored for benthic chlorophyll and DNA extractions for microbial ecology/community structure, composite of surface sediment for C&N content/ratio, and PAH content
Biological Oceanography
(1) net plankton vertical tow collections
(2) water column nannoplankton
(3) bacterial production
(4) primary production (IR curves)
(5) total chlorophyll
(6) microzooplankton community structure
(7) >0.2um plankton for DNA extraction surface, bottom and Chl max for microbial ecology/community structure of prokaryotes and eukayrotes.
PARTICIPANTS AND COLLABORATORS
8) Project participants
First Name Last Name Role in
Project Institution Email Gender Race Citizenship
Ian MacDonald PI Florida State Univ imacdonald@fsu.edu Male Anglo USA
Richard Snyder Co-PI Univ. West Florida rshyder@uwf.edu Male Anglo USA
Oscar Garcia-Pineda Co-PI Florida State Univ oscar.oggp@gmail.com Male Hispanic Mexico
Steve Morey Collaborator Florida State Univ. smorey@fsu.edu Male Anglo USA
Wade Jeffrey Collaborator Univ. West Florida wjeffrey@uwf.edu Male Anglo USA
Melissa Hagy Technician Univ. West Florida mederingtonhagy@uwf.edu Female Anglo USA
Joseph Moss Technician Univ. West Florida jmoss@uwf.edu Male Anglo USA
FIO Block Grants - Final Report
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MENTORING AND TRAINING
9) Student and post-doctoral participants
First Name Last Name Post-doc
/ PhD / MS / BS
Thesis or research topic
Institution Supervisor Expected Completion year
Gender Race Citizenship
Ivanna Blanco MS Coastal pollution FSU Chanton 2013 Female Hispanic Belize
Brian DeSanti MS Deepsea Corals FSU MacDonald 2012 Male Anglo USA
Samira Danishgar PhD Coastal Oil Pollution FSU MacDonald 2014 Female Turkic Ira
Erin Easton MS Deepsea Macrofauna
FSU Thistle 2012 Female Anglo USA
Robert Ellis PhD Fish ecology FSU Coleman 2014 Male Anglo USA
Melissa Rohal MS Deepsea Meiofauna FSU Thistle 2012 Female Anglo USA
Mauricio Silva PhD Deepsea benthic communities
FSU MacDonald 2014 Male Hispanic Chile
Brian Wells PhD Coastal Oil Pollution FSU Huettel 2014 Male Anglo USA
Jesse Rosabalm MS Plankton production
UWF Jeffrey 2012 female Anglo USA
Alexander Ren MS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Pomory 2012 male Asian-Anglo
USA
Bethany Wight MS Elemental Analysis UWF Darby 2013 female Anglo USA
Rebbecca Carruth, MS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Pomory 2012 female Anglo USA
Lois O’Boyle MS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Bennett 2011 female Anglo USA
Alice Lopez BS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Snyder 2013 female Hispanic Brazil
Fernanda Martinelli BS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Snyder 2013 female Hispanic Brazil
Lauren Amick BS PAH sampling and analysis
UWF Snyder 2013 female Anglo USA
Christopher Maxwell BS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Snyder 2012 male Anglo USA
Natalie Hunt BS Chlorophyll, DNA UWF Snyder 2014 female Anglo USA
Marie Gaona BS Data management UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Rachael Rice BS Bacteria UWF Jeffrey 2012 female Anglo USA
Lauren Campanella BS Sediments UWF Snyder 2013 female Anglo USA
Britnee Longino BS PAHs UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Chelsea McCurry BS Plankton, DNA UWF Snyder 2015 female Anglo USA
Preston Shisgal BS Microzooplankton UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Kaitlyn Toebe BS Chlorphyll, Nutrients
UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Angela Collinson BS Chlorphyll, Nutrients
UWF Snyder 2011 female Anglo USA
Samantha Gourlie BS Data management UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Aubry Tucker BS Chlorophyll UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Heather Smith BS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Katie Darr BS Oceanographic UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
FIO Block Grants - Final Report
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techniques
Marissa Mercado BS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Kortney Pastor BS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Snyder 2012 female Anglo USA
Eric Stratmann BS Oceanographic techniques
UWF Snyder 2013 male Anglo USA
Joel Marks BS PAH sampling and analysis
UWF Snyder 2012 male African American
USA
10) Student and post-doctoral publications, if planned a) Garcia-Pineda, O, MacDonald, I.R. Li, X, and Pichel, W. Oil Spill Mapping and Measurement in the
Gulf of Mexico with Textural Classifier Neural Network Algorithm, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Manuscript IDJSTARS-2012-00248, DOI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2244061 (2013).
b) Daneshgar, S., Amos, J, Wood, P. Schumaker, B. and MacDonald I. Quantifying Chronic Anthropogenic Oil Discharges with Satellite SAR. Environmental Research Letters. ( in preparation)
c) Silva, M, Daneshgar, S., MacDonald, ISoft coral damage and fish populations at mesophotic reef sites in the Gulf of Mexico. (Environmental Research Letters, in preparation)
d) Garcia-Pineda, O. MacDonald I.R. , Li, X, Jackson, C. Pichel, W. Oil Spill Mapping in the Gulf of Mexico with textural classifer neural network algorthm (TCNNA), Transactions of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Deep Sea Research II Topical Studies in Oceanography (submission imminent)
11) Figures
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Figure 1 Coast watch sampling sites
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Figure 2. Cumulative oil cover during Deepwater Horizon discharge 25 April-25 July 2010.
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Figure 3. Damaged coral (Swiftia sp) observed at Alabama Alps Reef (68m depth)
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Figure 4. Coral damage recovery monitoring station established at Rough Tongue Reef (73m
depth).
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Figure 5. Coastwatch monitoring stations, mesophotic reefs, and cumulative oil cover. Note
that Madison Swanson Marine Reserve (MSMR) experienced scant or no surface oil cover,
while Rough Tongue Reef and Alabama Alps Reef received extensive oil cover. The
COASTWATCH stations were intermediate in the amount of surface oil cover.
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Figure 6. University of West Florida personnel conducting sampling operations onboard RV
WEATHERBIRD.
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Figure 7. High resolution camera system deployed for surveying coral damage at mesophotic
reef sites.
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Figure 8. PAH composition of source oil and the floating mats (tar patty) of weathered oil
reaching the Panhandle of Florida.
Figure 9. PAH concentrations on the transect due south of Pensacola, FL, taken June 2010
during the oil spill. Note the enrichment of heavier Phenanthrenes indicting weathering with
distance from source.
FIO Block Grants - Final Report
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Figure 10. One year later (June 2011), PAH levels on the shelf are near non-detect, and may
well represent background. Background concentrations of PAHs in the region from human
activity and natural oil seeps was not previously determined. Thus, these data not only show
recovery, but provide a baseline for the future.
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