Fisheries Performance Indicators A Guest Lecture Prepared for the United Nations University...

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Fisheries Performance Indicators

A Guest Lecture Prepared for the

United Nations University Fisheries Training Program

Reykjavik, Iceland

Gunnar Knapp

Professor of Economics

Institute of Social and Economic Research

Anchorage, Alaska USA

Gunnar.Knapp@uaa.alaska.edu

January 2013

How can we MEASURE how well a fishery is managedand how well it is doing?

How can we MEASURE how well a fishery is managedand how well it is doing?

This is not an easy question!!!

• Fisheries are managed for multiple objectives. – We need multiple measures– Fisheries may be performing well by some measures and poorly

by other measures– How should we “average” different measures?

• Collecting and analyzing fisheries data is expensive and takes time– particularly if the data need to be comparable between fisheries

and countries!• What measures are needed—and how detailed and reliable they

need to be—depends on how we plan to use them.

My goal for this lecture . . .

• To get you to think about the problem of designing fishery performance indicators

• To describe an ongoing project to develop fishery performance indicators

• To have you evaluate a fishery you are familiar with according to these performance indicators

• To critique these performance indicators:– What is good about them?– What is bad about them?– How would you change them?

The “Fisheries Performance Indicators” (FPI) Project . . .

• Objective is to develop simple, practical and useful “fisheries performance indicators” (FPIs) which:– Provide useful indicators of the performance of a fishery with respect to

multiple objectives– Can be developed for any kind of fishery in any country– Are comparable across fisheries and countries– Can be used to analyze how different factors affect fishery success– Information can be developed easily, quickly, and at low cost by one or a

few fishery specialists– Are easy to understand and work with

• Designed by three economists– James L. Anderson (World Bank)– Jingie Chu (World Bank)– Chris Anderson (University of Washington)

• Tested by about thirty fishery specialists for fisheries in many developed and developing countries

On a piece of paper please write:

Your name (or alias)

Your country

The name of a fishery in your country you will attempt to evaluate using some of the fishery performance indicators

Your name: ________________ Your country: __________________

Fishery which you attempted to evaluate using selected “fishery performance indicators”:

________________________________________________________

Performance indicatorPerformance

indicator ranking

How well did you understand what this indicator was

asking for?

How easy or difficult for you

was it to assign a value for

this indicator?

“Overfishing or Rebuilding”

Output performance indicator:Overfishing or Rebuilding

A. Stock is not overfished or is rebuilt

B. Growth overfished, but stable or rebuilding

C. Growth overfished and experiencing growth overfishing

D. Recruit overfished, but stable or rebuilding

E. Recruit overfished and experiencing recruit overfishing

Stock

is not o

verfish

ed or...

Growth

overfi

shed, b

ut s...

Growth

overfi

shed and e...

Recruit o

verfi

shed, b

ut st..

.

Recruit o

verfi

shed and e...

26%

35%

9%13%

17%

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?

A. I understood exactly what it was asking for

B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for

C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for

D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for

I underst

ood exactly w

ha...

I underst

ood fairly

well .

..

I had only

a vague under..

.

I didn’t u

nderstand at a

l...

36%

9%14%

41%

Mean = 1.95

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?

A. Very easy

B. Somewhat easy

C. Somewhat hard

D. Very hard

Very easy

Somewhat easy

Somewhat hard

Very hard

28%

0%

28%

44%

Mean = 2.00

“Fishery wages compared to non-

fishery wages”

Output performance indicator:Boat owners fishery wages compared to non-fishery wages

A. More than 50% above the regional average

B. Between 10 and 50% above regional average

C. Within 10% above the regional average

D. Between 50% and 90% of the regional average

E. Less than half of the regional average

More th

an 50% above th

...

Between 10 and 50% abo..

With

in 10% above the re

...

Between 50% and 90% of..

.

Less

than half o

f the re

gi...

17%

43%

26%

13%

0%

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?

A. I understood exactly what it was asking for

B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for

C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for

D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for

I underst

ood exactly w

ha...

I underst

ood fairly

well .

..

I had only

a vague under..

.

I didn’t u

nderstand at a

l...

57%

4%4%

35%

Mean = 1.57

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?

A. Very easy

B. Somewhat easy

C. Somewhat hard

D. Very hard

Very easy

Somewhat easy

Somewhat hard

Very hard

41%

5%

27%27%

Mean = 1.95

“International trade”

Output performance indicator:International trade

A. 90-100% export

B. 60-90% export

C. 30-60% export

D. 2-30% export

E. Virtually no export

90-100% export

60-90% export

30-60% export

2-30% export

Virtually

no export

32%

14%

5%

36%

14%

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?

A. I understood exactly what it was asking for

B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for

C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for

D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for

I underst

ood exactly w

ha...

I underst

ood fairly

well .

..

I had only

a vague under..

.

I didn’t u

nderstand at a

l...

57%

17%9%

17%

Mean = 1.87

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?

A. Very easy

B. Somewhat easy

C. Somewhat hard

D. Very hard

Very easy

Somewhat easy

Somewhat hard

Very hard

62%

14%10%

14%

Mean = 1.76

“Social standing of boat owners”

Output performance indicator:Social standing of boat owners

A. Among the most respected in the community, comparable with civic and religious leaders and professionals such as doctors and lawyers

B. Comparable to management and white collar jobs

C. Comparable to skilled labor jobs

D. Comparable to unskilled blue collar or service jobs

E. Among the least respected, such as slaves or indentured servants

Among the m

ost re

specte

...

Comparable to m

anage...

Comparable to sk

illed la

b..

Comparable to unsk

illed ...

Among the le

ast re

specte

..

24%

5% 5%

24%

43%

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?

A. I understood exactly what it was asking for

B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for

C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for

D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for

I underst

ood exactly w

ha...

I underst

ood fairly

well .

..

I had only

a vague under..

.

I didn’t u

nderstand at a

l...

48%

17%9%

26%

Mean = 1.96

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?

A. Very easy

B. Somewhat easy

C. Somewhat hard

D. Very hard

Very easy

Somewhat easy

Somewhat hard

Very hard

40%

12%

20%

28%

Mean = 2.04

“Landings Level”

Output performance indicator:Landings Level

A. Harvest is less than MSY (stock is above MSY level)

B. Harvest is approximately at MSY

C. Harvest reduced to promote recovery (stock is below MEY level)

D. Harvest is constraining stock recovery (stock is stable below MEY level)

E. Harvest is causing overfishing (stock is below MEY and declining)

Harvest

is less

than M

SY ...

Harvest

is appro

ximate

ly ..

Harvest

reduce

d to pro

...

Harvest

is co

nstraining s.

..

Harvest

is ca

using o

verfi

s...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?

A. I understood exactly what it was asking for

B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for

C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for

D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for

I underst

ood exactly w

ha...

I underst

ood fairly

well .

..

I had only

a vague under..

.

I didn’t u

nderstand at a

l...

25% 25%25%25%

Mean =

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?

A. Very easy

B. Somewhat easy

C. Somewhat hard

D. Very hard

Very easy

Somewhat easy

Somewhat hard

Very hard

25% 25%25%25%

Mean =

“Harvest Safety”

Output performance indicator:Harvest Safety

A. Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons

B. Less than 0.5 deaths

C. Less than 1

D. Less than 5

E. More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons

Less

than 0.1 death

s per..

.

Less

than 0.5 death

s

Less

than 1

Less

than 5

More th

an 5 deaths p

er...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Output performance indicator:Harvest Safety

A. Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons

B. Less than 0.5 deaths

C. Less than 1

D. Less than 5

E. More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons

Less

than 0.1 death

s per..

.

Less

than 0.5 death

s

Less

than 1

Less

than 5

More th

an 5 deaths p

er...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?

A. I understood exactly what it was asking for

B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for

C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for

D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for

I underst

ood exactly w

ha...

I underst

ood fairly

well .

..

I had only

a vague under..

.

I didn’t u

nderstand at a

l...

25% 25%25%25%

Mean =

“Source of capital”

Output performance indicator:Source of capital

A. Unsecured business loans from banks/Venture capital

B. Secured business loans from banks/Public stock offering; investment form elsewhere in supply chain

C. Loans form banks secured by personal (not business) assets/Government subsidized private lending/Government-run loan programs/International aid agencies; secured loans from elsewhere in supply chain

D. Microlending/Family/community-based lending; loans from supply chain significantly reduce margins

E. Mafia/No capital available; exploitive relationship from elsewhere in supply chain

Unsecu

red business

loans...

Secure

d business

loans fr..

Loans f

orm banks s

ecure

...

Micr

olending/Fa

mily/c.

..

Mafia/N

o capita

l availa

bl..

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Output performance indicator:Harvest Safety

A. Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons

B. Less than 0.5 deaths

C. Less than 1

D. Less than 5

E. More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons

Less

than 0.1 death

s per..

.

Less

than 0.5 death

s

Less

than 1

Less

than 5

More th

an 5 deaths p

er...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?

A. I understood exactly what it was asking for

B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for

C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for

D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for

I underst

ood exactly w

ha...

I underst

ood fairly

well .

..

I had only

a vague under..

.

I didn’t u

nderstand at a

l...

25% 25%25%25%

Mean =

“Proportion of Harvest Managed

Under Limited Access ”

Output performance indicator:Proportion of Harvest Managed Under Limited Access

A. Virtually all

B. 70-90%

C. 35-70%

D. 5-35%

E. Virtually none

Virtually

all

70-90%

35-70%5-35%

Virtually

none

20% 20% 20%20%20%

Output performance indicator:Harvest Safety

A. Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons

B. Less than 0.5 deaths

C. Less than 1

D. Less than 5

E. More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons

Less

than 0.1 death

s per..

.

Less

than 0.5 death

s

Less

than 1

Less

than 5

More th

an 5 deaths p

er...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?

A. I understood exactly what it was asking for

B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for

C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for

D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for

I underst

ood exactly w

ha...

I underst

ood fairly

well .

..

I had only

a vague under..

.

I didn’t u

nderstand at a

l...

25% 25%25%25%

Mean =

How useful is this Fisheries Performance Indicator Project

A. Very useful

B. Somewhat useful

C. Not very useful

D. A total waste of money and time!

Very usefu

l

Somewhat use

ful

Not very

usefu

l

A total w

aste of m

oney a..

9%13%

35%

43%

Mean = 2.52

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