View
1
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Fermilab Project-X
Overview
Shekhar MishraProject-X,
International Collaboration Coordinator
Fermilab
Outline
• Fermilab Complex
• Fermilab Strategic Plan
– Energy Frontier
– Cosmic Frontier
– Intensity Frontier
• Project-X
– Some Design Details
– R&D and Project Status
• Project-X Collaboration
– India Collaboration
• Summary
Fermilab and the World Program
The Fermilab Tevatron has now passed on the energy frontier to LHC,
following 25 years as the highest energy particle collider in the world.
Fermilab operates the highest power long baseline neutrino beam in
the world. But will face stiff competition from J-PARC
Fermilab Strategic Plan
• The U.S. strategy for elementary particle physics over the
coming decades has been developed by the DOE’s High
Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP).
– Fermilab is fully aligned with this strategy.
•The Fermilab strategy is to
mount a world-leading program
at the intensity frontier, while
using this program as a bridge
to an energy frontier facility
beyond LHC in the longer term.
• Broaden the physics program
to include Nuclear Physics and
Energy
Gaps and Roles: Energy Frontier
• Next two decades:
– Dominated by LHC.
– Upgrades to LHC machine and detectors
• Biggest gap:
– What follows the LHC? Depends on results and at what energy
results occur
• Fermilab strategy:
– Physics exploitation and upgrades of LHC.
– R&D on future machines:
• ILC if physics at ―low‖ energy;
• Muon Collider if physics at high energy;
• New high field magnets for extension of LHC or future proton
colliders at ultra-LHC energies
Fermilab Roles: Energy Frontier
Tevatron
LHCLHC LHC
ILC, CLIC or
Muon Collider
Now 2016
LHC Upgrades
ILC??
2013 2019
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Green curve: same rates as 09
2022
Gaps and roles: Cosmic Frontier
• The principal connection to particle physics:
– The nature of dark matter and dark energy
• Gap in the direct search for dark matter:
– Get to ―zero—background‖ technology.
• Gap in understanding dark energy
– Establishment of time evolution of the acceleration:
• New major telescopes (ground and space)
• Fermilab strategy:
– Establish scalable ―zero-background‖ technology for dark
matter.
– Participate in future ground and space telescopes (the
principal agencies are NSF and NASA, not DOE)
Fermilab Roles: Cosmic Frontier
Now 20162013 2019
DM: ~10 kg
DE: SDSS
P. Auger
DM: ~100 kg
DE: DES
P. Auger
Holometer?
DM: ~1 ton
DE: LSST
WFIRST??
BigBOSS??
DE: LSST
WFIRST??
2022
Gaps and Roles: Intensity Frontier
• Two principal approaches:
– Proton super-beams to study neutrinos and rare decays
– Quark factories: in e+e- and LHCb
• Principal gap is
– The understanding of neutrino
– The observation of rare decays coupled to new physics
processes
• Fermilab strategy:
– Develop the most powerful set of facilities in the world for the
study of neutrinos and rare processes, way beyond the present
state of the art.
– Complementary to LHC.
Fermilab Roles: Intensity Frontier
MINOS
MiniBooNE
MINERvA
SeaQuest
NOvA
MicroBooNE
g-2?
SeaQuest
Now 2016
LBNE
Mu2e
Project X+LBNE
m, K, nuclear, …
n Factory ??
2013 2019 2022
Fermilab Present Collaborative Efforts
• International
Collaborations
for our programs
• Collaboration among DOE laboratories
Project X, ILC/SRF, Muon collider, neutrino factory, LHC Accelerator,
many particle experiments, …
27 countries
16 countries 23 countries
325 & 650 MHZ
1300 MHz
PX: Reference Design Configuration
• 3-GeV, 1-mA, CW linac, 325 and 650 MHz, provides beam for
rare processes, nuclear and energy programs
– ~3 MW; flexible provision for beam requirements supporting
multiple users
– < 5% of beam is sent to the Main Injector
• Reference Design for 3-8 GeV acceleration: pulsed linac
– Linac would be 1300 MHz with <5% duty cycle
Project X: Central to the strategy
• CW Linac a unique facility for rare decays:
– A continuous wave (CW), very high power, superconducting 3 GeV linac.
• Unique in the world
– Greatly enhances the capability for rare decays of kaons, muons
• CW linac is also the ideal machine for other uses:
– Standard Model tests with nuclei (ISOL targets),
– Possible energy and transmutation applications,
– Cold neutrons
• Coupled to an 8 GeV pulsed LINAC and to the Recycler and Main Injector
– the most intense beams of neutrinos at high energy (LBNE) and low energy (for the successors to Mini and MicroBooNE)
• Eliminates proton economics as the major limitation: all experiments run simultaneously
– scope would be difficult to reproduce elsewhere
Broad and Flexible Physics
• Project X is central and gives us the ultimate world
program at the intensity frontier. It is a very broad
program with a lot of flexibility
3 GeV CW
linac
3-8 GeV pulsed
linac
8-120 GeV
existing
machines
• Muons
• Kaons
• Nuclei (ISOL)
• Materials (ADS)
• Neutrinos vs. antineutrinos
•Long base line neutrino oscillations
Nuclear Energy Interest of HIPA
15
• A multi-MW proton source could be the key element of
a Nuclear Energy program, including transmutation
– Multi MW CW beam at 1-2 GeV (similar to Fermilab Project-X)
could be the accelerator and target technology demonstration
project.
Project-X: Mission
• A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation
experiments– 2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV
• High intensity, low energy protons
for kaon and muon based
precision experiments– Operations simultaneous with the
neutrino program
• A path toward a muon source for possible future
Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider– Requires ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV .
• Possible non-HEP missions under consideration– Nuclear physics
– Nuclear energy applications (Demonstration: Accelerator and
Transmutation)
Reference Design: Provisional Siting
CW Linac
Pulsed Linac
18 PX Briefing to OHEP
3 Gev cw linac
8 Gev beam transport
3 Gev beam transport
3-8 Gev pulsed linac
Project-X Reference Design Layout
Project-X: Front End
• H- -source: 10 mA CW
• RFQ (Room Temperature and CW): 162.5 MHz, ~ 2.5
MeV, 1/10mA avg/peak
– Pulsed RFQ under test at Fermilab
• MEBT (room temperature):
– High Bandwidth Chopper
– RT bunching cavities, P < 5 kW each
– Triplet (RT) optics (keep round beam)
MEBTRFQH-gun
Room Temp (RT) (~15m)
Project-X Linac : Reference Design
SSR0 SSR1 SSR2 LE HE ILC
#Cavities 18 18 40 48 152 224
#Solenoids 18 18 20 0 0 0
#Quadrupoles 0 0 0 32 46 28
#Cryomodules 1 2 4 8 19 28
Length, m 11.38 15.2 33.6 157.05 330.51 353.27
Position, m 0 11.38 26.58 60.18 157.11 487.62
Period Length, m 0.61 0.8 1.6 6.06 13.76 25.23
#Periods 18 18 10 16 19 14
Transition Energy, MeV 10.79 35.17 153.7 537.32 3038 8319
Transition Beta 0.150 0.266 0.511 0.771 0.972 0.995
SSR0 SSR1 SSR2 β=0.6 β=0.9
325 MHz 2.5-160 MeV 650 MHz 0.16-3 GeV
ILC
3-8 GeV
CW Linac: 325 MHz and 650 MHz
Cavity Gradient Cavity Power
Energy Gain per Cavity
Project-X is a compact
SRF Accelerator: Design
enhances capabilities and
reduces cost.
cavity
typeβ G
Freq
MHz
Beam
pipe ø,
mm
Va, max
MeV
Emax
MV/m
Bmax
mT
R/Q,
Ω
G,
Ω
*Q0,2K
109
Pmax,2K
W
SSR0 β=0.115 325 30 0.6 32 39 108 50 6.5 0.5
SSR1 β=0.215 325 30 1.47 28 43 242 84 11.0 0.8
SSR2 β=0.42 325 40 3.34 32 60 292 109 13.0 2.9
Parameters of the single-spoke cavities
SSR0 - design SSR1 – prototyping, testing SSR2 - design
325 MHz Spoke Resonator Cavity
Parameter LE650 HE650 ILC
β_geometric 0.61 0.9 1
Cavity Length = ncell∙βgeom/2 mm 703 1038 1038
R/Q Ohm 378 638 1036
G-factor Ohm 191 255 270
Max. Gain/cavity (on crest) MeV 11.7 19.2/17.7* 17.2
Acc. Gradient MV/m 16.6 18.5 / 17 16.9
Max surf. electric field MV/m 37.5 37.3 / 34 34
Max surf. magnetic field, mT 70 70 / 61.5 72
Q0 @ 2°K 1010 1.5 2.0 1.5
P2K max [W] 24 29 / 24 20
1.3 GHz ILC
RF Parameter for elliptical Cavities
650 MHz: β=0.61 650 MHz: β=0.9
Most Recent 9-cell, 1.3 GHz Cavity Results 6 cavities built by ACCEL and 6 by AES
Courtesy of R Geng
• AES 2nd batch has 75% yield > 35 MV/M
• Meet Project-X goals
• But… of course low statistics
ILC
PX
PX
Final Assembly
HTS
VTS
String Assembly MP9 Clean Room
VTS
ANL/FNAL EP
1st U.S. built ILC/PX Cryomodule 1st Dressed Cavity
Project-X: Test Area
Ion Source and RFQ
325 MHz Spoke Cavity Test Facility
1.3 GHz HTS
HINS Linac enclosure for 10 MEV
Source of cryogenics
Scale: Square blocks are 3ft x 3ft
27
Accelerator Unit Test: Phase-1
Cryomodule-1 (CM1)
(Type III+)
Capture Cavity 2
(CC2)
CC2 RF System5 MW RF System
for CM1Under
Commissioning
28
Accelerator Unit Test: Phase 2/3
CryomodulesCapture Cavity 1 (CC1)
5MW RF System
for Gun
CC1 & CC2
RF Systems
RF Gun
5MW RF System
for Cryomodules
Future 10MW
RF System
CC2
Future 3.9/Crab Cavity
Test Beamlines
Accelerator Unit Test Status
• Injector
– Detailed Lattice designed
– New gun system being installed
• Collaboration with DESY, KEK & INFN
– CC2 (single 9-cell cavity) operational - 10/09
• Accelerator
– CM1 installed, aligned, and under vacuum
– Cooled, Under RF Power
Strategy/Timeline
• Completed all preliminary design, configuration, and cost range documentation for CD-0, Feb 2011Department of Energy briefing on November 16-17, 2010
• Continue conceptual development on outstanding technical questions– Baseline concept for the chopper
– Concept for marrying the 3-8 GeV pulsed linac to CW front end
– Injection into the Recycler
– SRF and RF development at all relevant frequencies
• The DOE has advised that the earliest possible construction start is FY2016– We are receiving very significant R&D support for Project X and
SRF development (~$40M in FY11, not including ARRA (stimulus))
• Planning for a five year construction schedule
Project X could be up and running in ~2020
Indian Institutions:
BARC/Mumbai
IUAC/Delhi
RRCAT/Indore
VECC/Kolkata
Collaboration Plan
• A multi-institutional collaboration has been established to execute the Project X RD&D Program.– Being organized as a ―national project with international
participation‖.
• Fermilab as lead laboratory with ultimate responsibility
• International participation via ―in-kind‖ contributions, established through bi-lateral MOUs.
• Collaborators assume responsibility for components and sub-system design, development, and construction.
– National Collaboration
MOU signatories:
ANL ORNL/SNS
BNL MSU
Cornell TJNAF
Fermilab SLAC
LBNL ILC/ART
• International Collaboration MOU
India Collaboration on Project-X
• India Institutions are already key collaborators in both Project-X accelerator and Physics programs
– Accelerator collaboration:
• Key to Indian domestic program (Energy and Application)
– Physics Collaboration:
• Continues 3 decades Indian institutions collaboration with Fermilab, while enhancing in new physics and application areas
• Accelerator Collaboration
– All aspects of CW Linac
– Plan is to jointly develop accelerators at Fermilab and in India
• Physics Collaboration
– Dzero (Energy Frontier)
– MINOS, NOvA, LBNE, MIPP (Intensity Frontier)
– LHC-CMS Center at Fermilab
– Exploring collaboration in
• Rare decays (muon, Kaon)
• Nuclear Physics
• Nuclear Energy
Summary
• Project X is central to Fermilab’s strategy for development
of the accelerator complex over the coming decade– World leading programs in neutrinos and rare processes;
– Potential applications beyond elementary particle physics;
• Nuclear physics and nuclear energy applications
– Aligned with ILC and Muon Accelerators
• Project X design concept is well developed and well aligned
with the requirements of the physics program:– 3 GeV CW linac operating at 1 mA: 3 MW beam power
– 3-8 GeV pulsed linac injecting into the Recycler/Main Injector
complex
• We are expecting CD-0 for Project X in early 2011
• Project X could be constructed over the period ~2016 –
2020
http://projectx.fnal.gov/
Backup Slides
Mission: Physics Requirements
Proton Energy
(kinetic)
Beam Power Beam Timing
Rare Muon
decays
2-3 GeV >500 kW 1 kHz – 160
MHz
(g-2)
measurement
8 GeV 20-50 kW 30- 100 Hz.
Rare Kaon
decays
2.6 – 4 GeV >500 kW 20 – 160 MHz.
(<50 psec pings)
Precision K0
studies
2.6 – 3 GeV > 100 mA
(internal target)
20 – 160 MHz.
(<50 psec pings)
Neutron and
exotic nuclei
EDMs
1.5-2.5 GeV >500 kW > 100 Hz
Working groups established to outline experimental needs in five
areas:
http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/Longrange/Steering_Public/work
shop-physics-5th.html
Comparative situation
• Europe: now fully occupied at the energy
frontier: LHC upgrades and future energy
frontier machines (ILC, CLIC). To get into
neutrinos competitively would need to do the
same as in present US plans, with the addition
of a modern high energy synchrotron. Not
excluded but very unlikely
• Japan: Is the nearest competitor, however
there are crucial long term advantages to
Project X
Comparative advantages
• Higher CW power at low energies: push rare
decays one to two orders of magnitude further
• Proton economics: run multiple rare decay
experiments and neutrinos simultaneously. At
JPARC the 50 GeV synchrotron is used for
neutrinos and rare decays – requiring sharing
• Long base-line experiment to DUSEL
detectors with baselines not possible in Japan
• Far more flexible set of facilities and plenty of
land for expansion
Recommended