February 20, 2014

February 20, 2014

Quest day!

You will have 7 minutes to review your study guide/notes. Quiz a friend!

After the Quest…

• Please read “Kingdoms and Christianity” and answer the questions.

Rus Posters

• Please hang up your posters around the room and in the hallway.

• We will do a gallery walk. For each of the figures, be sure to record the who, what, when/where, and significance in your notes.

February 24, 2014

1. On your web-enabled device, go to m.socrative.com

2. Enter room 779513.3. Answer the questions! (You may use your

homework from last night to help you).

** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.

Early Middle Ages

I. Decline of Europe

a. After Rome fell, Europe declined politically, socially, and economically

b. Small kingdoms competed for control of land once belonging to Rome

II. The Carolingians

a. Family most influential in the expansion of the Franks

i. By the 800s, Franks had ruled most of Europeb. Charles Martel

i. Political adviser and war leader for Frankish kingii. Nicknamed “Martel,” meaning hammer, because

of his battle skills

c. Pippin IIi. Charles Martel’s sonii. Won many battles and captured more land for Franksiii. King from 751 to 768

d. Charlemagnei. Born Charles, Charlemagne means “Charles the Great”ii. Pippin’s son, became king in 768iii. Annual battles against foes

1. When he won, he incorporated their land into his sphere of influence and formed

alliances with local rulers

iv. Helped Pope Leo III when the Papal states were attacked by the Lombards

1. Papal states – region in central Italy under Pope’s control

2. Charlemagne and the Franks defeated the Lombards3. Charlemagne becomes king of the

Lombards

v. Leo III ran out of Rome, Charlemagne escorts him back to Rome and restored to power1. Charlemagned named Emperor of the Roman Peoplea. Implied Charlemange had restored the glory of the Roman Empireb. Suggsets that Charlemagne’s rule had full backing of the church and of God

vi. Charlemagne establishes capital at Aachen (present-day Germany)1. Built palace and cathedral to reflect greatness2. Used counts to rule parts of the empire in his namea. Bound by oath to obey Charlemagneb. Given large tracts of land and considerable authorityc. Used inspectors to spy on counts

III. Charlemagne’s New Society

a. Educationi. Ordered churches and monasteries to start

schools1. Studied religion, music, grammar, and other subjects

ii. Invited noble scholars from throughout Europe to Aachen

1. Spent part of their time teaching, the remaining time was spent copying ancient texts

b. Religioni. Charlemagne worked closely with the church to create a unified Christian empire1. Ordered conquered people to convert to Christianity, or die

c. Lawi. Recorded tribal lawsii. Issued new laws that enforced Christian teachings

IV. Decline of Charlemagne’s Empire

a. Charlemagne died in 814i. Bureaucracy was not strong enough to maintain

vast empireii. Charlemagne’s grandsons fought for the throneiii. Divided empire into 3 parts

b. Invadersi. Vikings

1. Came from Northern Europe, lived in Scandinavia2. Superb ship builders, sailors, and

skilled at navigationa. Planning the course across the

sea

3. Food shortages were common, prompting Viking Raidsa. Killed or captured anyone they could, stole everything they could findb. Favorite target: monasteries4. Some settled in Iceland as early as late 700s5. Leif Ericksson reached North America in late 1000s6. Bribed by Frenchman to stop raiding; given Normandy

ii. Magyars1. Nomadic; from central Asia2. Fierce warriors, travelled on horseback3. Attacked small settlements

iii. Muslims1. Lived peacefully in Spain with Jews

and Christians2. Small, fast raids3. Blocked Byzantine trade in the

Mediterranean

February 25, 2014

1. On your web-enabled device, go to m.socrative.com

2. Enter room 779513.3. Answer the questions! (You may use your

homework from last night to help you).

** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.

The Feudal and Manorial Systems

1. Feudal System

a. Developmenti. Nobles needed a way to protect their landii. Built castles

b. Systemi. Nobles need trained soldiers

ii. Knights1. Highly skilled soldiers

who fought on horseback

2. Best defenders a noble could have

3. Demanded payment for servicesa. Most were paid with

landb. Land given to a knight

was called a fiefi. Anyone who accepted a

fief was called a vassalii. The person who gave

the land was his lord

iii. This system of exchanging land for service is called the feudal system or feudalism

c. Obligationsi. Knight’s Duties

1. Provide military service to his lord2. Oath of Fealty (loyalty)

a. Promise to remain loyal to the lord

3. Financial Obligationsa. Had to pay ransom if his lord was ever capturedb. Gave money to his lord on special occasions

“ Hear you my Lord [name] that I, [name] shall be to you both faithful and true, and shall owe by Fidelity unto you, for the Land that I hold of you, and lawfully shall do such Customs and Services, as my Duty is to

you, at the times assigned. So help me God and all Saints.”

- From The Manner of Doing Homage and Fealty

ii. Lord’s Duties1. Treat knights fairly2. Protect a knight who was attacked by enemies3. Act as judge in dispute between two knights

d. Complicated Systemi. Problems

1. A person could be both a lord and a vassal at the same time

2. One knight could serve many lords3. Rules guiding feudal obligations were specific to a

time and place

2. The Manorial System

a. Lords, Peasants, Serfsi. Manorial system was built around large estates

called manorsii. Manors

1. Usually owned by wealthy lords or knights2. Peasants farmed the manor’s fields

a. Most peasants were serfs- people who were legally tied to the manor on which they worked

b. Serfs were not slavesc. Serfs had to have the

lord’s permission to leave the manor or marry

d. Serfdom was also hereditary

b. A typical Manori. Development of the three field crop rotation

1. One field was planted in the spring for fall harvest2. One field was planted in the winter for spring harvest3. One remained unplanted for a year

ii. Also included manor house, village for peasants and serfs, church, mill, and blacksmith

1. Goal for manors was to be self-sufficient

Castles vs. Villages

• Read page 386• Create a t-chart comparing life in a castle to

life in a village

Life in a Castle Life in a Village

Visual Graphic Organizer

• Cut out the descriptions and glue it onto the appropriate column (Feudalism or Manorialism)

How Do They Fit?

• Arrange your 9 tiles into a 3x3 square so that the word touches the appropriate definition

• When you’re finished, I will check it. • THEN… glue it down and decorate!

Posters

• Choose one component of the Middle Ages that we have discussed so far

• With your group, create a poster describing that topic

• Be accurate, neat, and easy to read